Part 25

GAOL, GAOLER, old spellings of JAIL, JAILER.

GAP, gap, _n._ an opening made by rupture or parting: a cleft: a passage: a deep ravine in a mountain-ridge: any breach of continuity.--_v.t._ to notch: to make a gap in.--_adjs._ GAP'PY, full of gaps; GAP-TOOTHED, lacking some of the teeth.--STAND IN THE GAP, to stand forward in active defence of something; STOP A GAP, to repair a defect, close a breach. [M. E. _gappe_--Ice. _gap_, an opening.]

GAPE, g[=a]p, _v.i._ to open the mouth wide: to yawn: to stare with open mouth: to be open, like a gap.--_n._ act of gaping: width of the mouth when opened.--_ns._ GAP'ER; GAPES, a disease of birds, owing to the presence of trematode worms in the windpipe, shown by their uneasy gaping.--_adj._ GAP'ING, with mouth open in admiration.--_adv._ GAP'INGLY. [Ice. _gapa_, to open the mouth; Ger. _gaffen_, to stare.]

GAR, g[:a]r, GARFISH, g[:a]r'fish, _n._ a long slender fish of the pike family, with a pointed head. [A.S. _g['a]r_, a dart.]

GAR, g[:a]r, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to cause, to compel. [Norse _ger(v)a_, to make (A.S. _gierwan_, _giarwian_), Sw. _g[:o]ra_, Dan. _gj[:o]re_; cf. YARE.]

GARANCINE, gar'an-sin, _n._ a manufactured product of madder, used as a dye. [Fr.,--_garance_, madder.]

GARB, g[:a]rb, _n._ fashion of dress: external appearance.--_v.t._ to clothe, array. [O. Fr. _garbe_--It. _garbo_, grace; of Teut. origin.]

GARB, g[:a]rb, _n._ a sheaf of grain, frequently used in heraldry. [O. Fr. _garbe_--Teut., as in Old High Ger. _garba_, a handful (Ger. _garbe_, Dut. _garf_).]

GARBAGE, g[:a]r'b[=a]j, _n._ refuse, as the bowels of an animal: any worthless matter. [Of doubtful origin; prob. O. Fr. _garbe_, a sheaf; not conn. with _garble_.]

GARBLE, g[:a]r'bl, _v.t._ to select what may serve our own purpose, in a bad sense: to mutilate, corrupt, or falsify.--_n._ GAR'BLER, one who selects. [Most prob. It. _garbellare_--Ar. _ghirb['a]l_, a sieve.]

GARBOARD-STRAKE, g[:a]r'b[=o]rd-str[=a]k, _n._ the first range of planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel. [Dut. _gaarboord_.]

GARBOIL, g[:a]r'boil, _n._ (_Shak._) disorder, uproar. [O. Fr. _garbouil_--It. _garbuglio_, conn. with L. _bull[=i]re_, to boil.]

GARCON, g[:a]r-song', _n._ a boy: a waiter. [Fr.]

GARDANT, g[:a]rd'ant, _adj._ (_her._) said of an animal represented as full-faced and looking forward. [Fr., pr.p. of _garder_, to look.]

GARDEN, g[:a]r'dn, _n._ a piece of ground on which flowers, &c., are cultivated: a pleasant spot.--_ns._ GAR'DENER; GAR'DEN-GLASS, a bell-glass for covering plants; GAR'DENING, the act of laying out and cultivating gardens; GAR'DEN-PAR'TY, a party held on the lawn or in the garden of a private house.--GARDEN OF EDEN (see EDEN); HANGING GARDEN, a garden formed in terraces rising one above another--e.g. those of Nebuchadnezzar at Babylon; MARKET GARDENER, a gardener who raises vegetables, fruits, &c. for sale; PHILOSOPHERS OF THE GARDEN, followers of Epicurus who taught in a garden. [O. Fr. _gardin_ (Fr. _jardin_); from Teut.]

GARDENIA, g[:a]r-d[=e]'ni-a, _n._ a genus of _Cinchonaceae_, tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs, with beautiful and fragrant flowers. [Named from the American botanist, Dr Alex. _Garden_ (died 1791).]

GARDYLOO, g[:a]r'di-l[=oo], _n._ the old warning cry of housewives in Edinburgh before throwing their slops out of the window into the street. [Pseudo-Fr. _gare de l'eau_--should be _gare l'eau_, 'beware of the water.']

GARE, g[=a]r, _adj._ (_Scot._) greedy, miserly.

GAREFOWL, g[=a]r'fowl, _n._ the great auk, razor-billed auk. [Ice. _geir-fugl_.]

GARFISH. See GAR (1).

GARGANTUAN, g[:a]r-gan't[=u]-an, _adj._ like Gargantua--i.e. enormous, prodigious.--_ns._ GARGAN'TUISM; GARGAN'TUIST. [From _Gargantua_, the hero of Rabelais, described as a giant of vast appetite.]

GARGARISM, g[:a]r'ga-rizm, _n._ a gargle.--_v.t._ GAR'GARISE.

GARGET, gar'get, _n._ a swelling in the throat of cattle and pigs: inflammation of a cow's udder.--Also GAR'GIL.

GARGLE, g[:a]r'gl, _v.t._ to wash the throat, preventing the liquid from going down by expelling air against it.--_n._ a preparation for washing the throat. [O. Fr. _gargouiller_--_gargouille_, the throat.]

[Illustration]

GARGOYLE, g[:a]r'goil, _n._ a projecting spout, conveying the water from the roof-gutters of buildings, often representing human or other figures. [O. Fr. _gargouille_--L. _gurgulio_, throat.]

GARIBALDI, gar-i-bal'di, _n._ a woman's loose blouse, an imitation of the red shirts worn by the followers of the Italian patriot _Garibaldi_ (1807-1882).

GARISH, GAIRISH, g[=a]r'ish, _adj._ showy: gaudy.--_adv._ GAR'ISHLY.--_n._ GAR'ISHNESS. [Earlier _gaurish_, _gawrish_--_gaure_, to stare, perh. a freq. of _gaw_, to stare, cf. Ice. _g['a]_, to heed.]

GARLAND, g[:a]r'land, _n._ a wreath of flowers or leaves: a name for a book of extracts in prose or poetry: (_Shak._) the thing most prized.--_v.t._ to deck with a garland.--_n._ GAR'LAND[=A]GE, a decoration of garlands.--_adj._ GAR'LANDLESS.--_n._ GAR'LANDRY, garlands collectively.--CIVIC GARLAND, a crown of oak-leaves bestowed on a Roman soldier who saved a fellow-citizen's life in battle. [O. Fr. _garlande_; prob. Old High Ger. _wiara_, fine ornament.]

GARLICK, g[:a]r'lik, _n._ a bulbous-rooted plant of genus Allium, having a pungent taste and very strong smell.--_adj._ GAR'LICKY, like garlick. [A.S. _g['a]rl['e]ac_--_g['a]r_, a spear, _l['e]ac_, a leek.]

GARMENT, g[:a]r'ment, _n._ any article of clothing, as a coat or gown.--_v.t._ to clothe with a garment.--_adjs._ GAR'MENTED; GAR'MENTLESS.--_n._ GAR'MENTURE, clothing. [O. Fr. _garniment_--_garnir_, to furnish.]

GARNER, g[:a]r'n[.e]r, _n._ a granary or place where grain is stored up: a store of anything--e.g. experience.--_v.t._ to store as in a garner.--_v.i._ (_rare_) to accumulate.--_n._ GAR'NERAGE, a storehouse. [O. Fr. _gernier_ (Fr. _grenier_)--L. _granarium_, -_ia_, a granary.]

GARNET, g[:a]r'net, _n._ a precious stone belonging to a group of minerals crystallising in the cubical system. [O. Fr. _grenat_--Low L. _granatum_, pomegranate; or Low L. _granum_, grain, cochineal, red dye.]

GARNISH, g[:a]r'nish, _v.t._ to adorn: to furnish: to surround with ornaments, as a dish.--_n._ entrance-money: something placed round a principal dish at table, whether for embellishment or relish: a gift of money, esp. that formerly paid by a prisoner to his fellow-prisoners on his first admission.--_ns._ GAR'NISHEE, a person warned not to pay money owed to another, because the latter is indebted to the garnisher who gives the warning (_v.t._ to attach a debtor's money in this way); GARNISHEE'MENT; GAR'NISHER, one who garnishes; GAR'NISHING, GAR'NISHMENT, GAR'NITURE, that which garnishes or embellishes: ornament: apparel: trimming; GAR'NISHRY, adornment. [O. Fr. _garniss_-, stem of _garnir_, to furnish, old form _warnir_, from a Teut. root seen in A.S. _warnian_, Ger. _warnen_, Eng. _warn_.]

GARRET, gar'et, _n._ (_Shak._) a watch-tower: a room next the roof of a house.--_p.adj._ GARR'ETED, provided with garrets: lodged in a garret.--_ns._ GARRETEER', one who lives in a garret: a poor author; GARR'ET-MAS'TER, a cabinet-maker, locksmith, &c., working on his own account for the dealers. [O. Fr. _garite_, a place of safety, _guarir_, _warir_, to preserve (Fr. _gu['e]rir_)--Teut., Old High Ger. _warjan_, to defend.]

GARRISON, gar'i-sn, _n._ a supply of soldiers for guarding a fortress: a fortified place.--_v.t._ to furnish a fortress with troops: to defend by fortresses manned with troops.--GARRISON TOWN, a town in which a garrison is stationed. [O. Fr. _garison_--_garir_, _guerir_, to furnish--Teut., Old High Ger. _warjan_, to defend.]

GARRON, gar'on, _n._ a small horse.--Also GARR'AN. [Ir.]

GARROT, gar'ot, _n._ a name applied to various ducks. [Fr.]

GARROT, gar'ot, _n._ (_surg._) a tourniquet. [Fr.]

GARROTTE, GAROTTE, gar-rot', _n._ a Spanish mode of strangling criminals.--_v.t._ to strangle by a brass collar tightened by a screw, whose point enters the spinal marrow: to suddenly render insensible by semi-strangulation, and then to rob:--_pr.p._ garrott'ing, garott'ing; _pa.p._ garrott'ed, garott'ed.--_ns._ GARROTT'ER, GAROTT'ER, one who garrottes; GARROTT'ING, GAROTT'ING. [Sp. _garrote_; cf. Fr. _garrot_, a stick.]

GARRULOUS, gar'[=u]-lus, _adj._ talkative.--_ns._ GARRUL'ITY, GARR'ULOUSNESS, talkativeness: loquacity.--_adv._ GARR'ULOUSLY. [L. _garrulus_--_garr[=i]re_, to chatter.]

GARTER, g[:a]r't[.e]r, _n._ a band used to tie the stocking to the leg: the badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the _Order of the Garter_.--_v.t._ to bind with a garter.--GARTER KING-OF-ARMS, the chief herald of the Order of the Garter. [O. Fr. _gartier_ (Fr. _jarreti[`e]re_)--O. Fr. _garet_ (Fr. _jarret_), the ham of the leg, prob. Celt. as Bret. _gar_, the shank of the leg.]

GARTH, g[:a]rth, _n._ an enclosure or yard: a garden: a weir in a river for catching fish. [Ice. _gardhr_, a court; cf. A.S. _geard_; Ger. _garten_, yard.]

GARUDA, g[:a]r'[=oo]-da, _n._ a Hindu demigod, with the body and legs of a man, the head and wings of a bird, emblem of strength and speed. [Sans.]

GARVIE, g[:a]r'vi, _n._ (_Scot._) a sprat.--Also GAR'VOCK. [Gael. _garbhag_.]

GAS, gas, _n._ a vaporous substance not condensed into a liquid at ordinary terrestrial temperatures and pressures--esp. that obtained from coal, used in lighting houses: (_coll._) frothy talk:--_pl._ GAS'ES.--_v.t._ to supply with gas: (_U.S._) to impose on by talking gas.--_v.i._ to vapour, talk boastfully.--_ns._ GASALIER', GASELIER', a hanging frame with branches for gas-jets, formed on false analogy from _chandelier_; GAS'-BAG, a bag for holding gas: a boastful, talkative person; GAS'-BRACK'ET, a pipe, mostly curved, projecting from the wall of a room, used for illuminating purposes; GAS'-BURN'ER, a piece of metal fitted to the end of a gas-pipe, with one or more small holes so arranged as to spread out the flame; GAS'-COAL, any coal suitable for making illuminating gas; GAS'-CONDENS'ER, an apparatus for freeing coal-gas from tar; GAS[=E]'ITY, G[=A]'SEOUSNESS.--_adj._ GASEOUS (g[=a]'se-us).--_ns._ GAS'-EN'GINE, an engine in which motion is communicated to the piston by the alternate admission and condensation of gas in a closed cylinder; GAS'-FIT'TER, one who fits up the pipes and brackets for gas-lighting; GAS'-FIX'TURE, a bracket or chandelier for gas; GAS'-FUR'NACE, a furnace of which the fuel is gas; GAS'HOLDER, a large vessel for storing gas; GASIFIC[=A]'TION, the process of converting into gas.--_v.t._ GAS'IFY, to convert into gas.--_ns._ GAS'-JET, a gas-burner; GAS'-LAMP, a lamp lighted by gas; GAS'-MAIN, one of the principal underground pipes conveying gas from the works to the places where it is consumed; GAS'-MAN, a man employed in the manufacture of gas: the man who controls the lights of the stage; GAS'-M[=E]'TER, an instrument for measuring the quantity of gas consumed at a particular place in a given time; GAS'OGENE (same as GAZOGENE); GAS'OLENE, rectified petroleum; GASOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring gas: a place for holding gas.--_adjs._ GASOMET'RIC, -AL.--_ns._ GAS'-PIPE, a pipe for conveying gas; GAS'SING, idle talking; GAS'-STOVE, an apparatus in which coal-gas is used for heating and cooking purposes.--_adj._ GAS'SY, full of gas, gaseous: (_slang_) given to vain and boastful talk.--_ns._ GAS'-TANK, a reservoir for coal-gas; GAS'-TAR, coal-tar.--_adj._ GAS'-TIGHT, sufficiently close to prevent the escape of gas.--_ns._ GAS'-WA'TER, water through which coal-gas has been passed; GAS'-WORKS, an establishment where illuminating gas is manufactured. [A word invented by the Dutch chemist J. B. Van Helmont (1577-1644)--the form suggested by Gr. _chaos_.]

GASCONADE, gas-ko-n[=a]d', _n._ boasting talk.--_ns._ GAS'CON, a native of Gascony; GAS'CONISM. [Fr.,--_Gascon_, from their proverbial boastfulness.]

GASH, gash, _v.t._ to make a deep cut into anything, esp. into flesh.--_n._ a deep, open wound. [Formerly _garse_--O. Fr. _garser_, pierce with a lancet--Low L. _garsa_. Perh. corrupted from Gr. _charassein_, to cut.]

GASH, gash, _adj._ (_Scot._) shrewd: talkative: trim.--_v.i._ to tattle. [Prob. a corr. of _sagacious_.]

GASH, gash, _adj._ (_Scot._) ghastly, hideous--also GASH'FUL, GASH'LY.--_n._ GASH'LINESS.--_adv._ GASH'LY. [From _ghastful_, through association with _gash_.]

GASKET, gas'ket, _n._ (_naut._) a canvas band used to bind the sails to the yards when furled: a strip of tow, &c., for packing a piston, &c.--Also GAS'KIN. [Cf. Fr. _garcette_, It. _gaschetta_; ety. dub.]

GASKINS, gas'kinz, _n._ (_Shak._). See GALLIGASKINS.

GASP, gasp, _v.i._ to gape in order to catch breath: to desire eagerly.--_n._ the act of opening the mouth to catch the breath.--_pr.p._ and _adj._ GASP'ING, convulsive, spasmodic.--_adv._ GASP'INGLY.--THE LAST GASP, the utmost extremity. [Ice. _geispa_, to yawn, by metathesis from _geipsa_, cf. _geip_, idle talk.]

GAST, gast, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to make aghast, to frighten or terrify. [A.S. _g['ae]stan_; cf. AGHAST.]

GASTEROPOD, gas'ter-o-pod, _n._ one of a class of molluscs, embracing whelks, limpets, snails, &c., having in general a muscular disc under the belly, which serves them as feet--also GAS'TROPOD:--_pl._ GASTEROP'ODA.--_adj._ GASTEROP'ODOUS. [Formed from Gr. _gast[=e]r_, the stomach, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]

GASTRAEA, gas-tr[=e]'a, _n._ (_biol._) a hypothetic animal form assumed by Haeckel as the ancestor of all metazoic animals:--_pl._ GASTRAE'AE.--_n._ GAS'TRULA, that embryonic form of metazoic animals which consists of a two-layered sac enclosing a central cavity and having an opening at one end:--_pl._ GRAS'TRULAE.--_adj._ GAS'TRULAR.

GASTRALGIA, gas-tral'ji-a, _n._ pain in the stomach or bowels. [Gr. _gast[=e]r_, the stomach, _algos_, pain.]

GASTRIC, gas'trik, _adj._ belonging to the stomach--also GAS'TRAL.--_ns._ GASTR[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the stomach; GASTROL'OGER.--_adj._ GASTROLOG'ICAL.--_n._ GASTROL'OGY, cookery, good eating.--GASTRIC FEVER, a bilious remittent fever; GASTRIC JUICE, the digestive liquid secreted by the glands of the stomach. [Gr. _gast[=e]r_, the belly.]

GASTROCNEMIUS, gas-trok-n[=e]'mi-us, _n._ a superficial muscle of the posterior tibial region helping to extend the foot. [Gr. _gast[=e]r_, stomach, _kn[=e]m[=e]_, the leg.]

GASTROMANCY, gas'tro-man-si, _n._ a means of divination by ventriloquism: divination by large-bellied glasses. [Gr. _gast[=e]r_, belly, _manteia_, soothsaying.]

GASTRONOME, gas'tro-n[=o]m, _n._ one who pays great attention to his diet, an epicure--also GASTRON'OMER, GASTRON'OMIST.--_adjs._ GASTRONOM'IC, -AL, pertaining to gastronomy.--_ns._ GASTRON'OMY, the art or science of good eating; GAS'TROPHILE, GAS'TROPHILIST, GAS'TROPHILITE; GAS'TROPHILISM, love of good eating; GAS'TROSOPH, one skilled in matters of eating; GASTROS'OPHER; GASTROS'OPHY. [Gr. _gast[=e]r_, belly, _nomos_, law--_nemein_, to distribute.]

GASTROSTOMY, gas-tros'to-mi, _n._ an operation performed in a case of stricture of the gullet, to introduce food into the stomach through an external opening. [Gr. _gast[=e]r_, belly, _stoma_, mouth.]

GASTROTOMY, gas-trot'o-mi, _n._ the operation of cutting open the belly. [Gr. _gast[=e]r_, belly, _tom[=e]_, a cutting--_temnein_, to cut.]

GASTRO-VASCULAR, gas-tr[=o]-vas'k[=u]-lar, _adj._ common to the functions of digestion and circulation.

GAT, gat (_B._) _pa.t._ of _get_.

GAT, gat, _n._ an opening between sandbanks, a strait. [Ice.]

GATE, g[=a]t, _n._ a passage into a city, enclosure, or any large building: a narrow opening or defile: a frame in the entrance into any enclosure: an entrance.--_v.t._ to supply with a gate: at Oxford and Cambridge, to punish by requiring the offender to be within the college gates by a certain hour.--_adj._ G[=A]'TED, punished with such restriction.--_ns._ GATE'-FINE, the fine imposed for disobedience to such orders; GATE'-HOUSE (_archit._), a building over or near the gate giving entrance to a city, abbey, college, &c.; GATE'-KEEP'ER, GATE'MAN, one who watches over the opening and shutting of a gate.--_adj._ GATE'LESS, not having a gate.--_ns._ GATE'-MON'EY, the money taken for entrance to an athletic or other exhibition, sometimes simply 'gate;' GATE'-TOW'ER, a tower built beside or over a gate; GATE'-VEIN, the great abdominal vein; GATE'WAY, the way through a gate: the gate itself: any entrance.--GATE OF JUSTICE, a gate as of a city, temple, &c., where a sovereign or judge sat to dispense justice; GATES OF DEATH, a phrase expressing the near approach of death.--BREAK GATES, at Oxford and Cambridge, to enter college after the prescribed hour; IVORY GATE, in poetical imagery, the semi-transparent gate of the house of sleep, through which dreams appear distorted into pleasant and delusive shapes; STAND IN THE GATE (_B._), to occupy a position of defence. [A.S. _geat_, a way; Dut. _gat_, Ice. _gat_; not in Goth. and High Ger.; prob. related to _get_ or _gate_.]

GATE, g[=a]t, _n._ (_Scot._) a way, path: manner of doing, esp. in adverbial phrases like 'this gate,' 'any gate,' 'some gate.' [Ice. _gata_; Da. _gade_, Ger. _gasse_.]

GATE, g[=a]t, _n._ (_Spens._) a goat. [A.S. _gat._]

G[^A]TEAU, gat-[=o]', _n._ cake.--VEAL GATEAU, minced veal made up like a pudding, and boiled in a shape or mould. [Fr.]

GATHER, ga_th_'[.e]r, _v.t._ to collect: to acquire: in sewing, to plait: to learn by inference.--_v.i._ to assemble or muster: to increase: to suppurate.--_n._ a plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing the thread through (_pl._ that part of the dress which is gathered or drawn in).--_ns._ GATH'ERER, one who collects: a gleaner: in glass manufacturing, a workman who collects molten glass on the end of a rod preparatory to blowing; GATH'ERING, a crowd or assembly: a tumour or collection of matter; GATH'ERING-COAL, -PEAT, a coal, peat, put into a fire at night, with the hot embers gathered about it, to keep the fire alive till morning; GATH'ERING-CRY, a summons to assemble for war.--GATHER BREATH, to recover wind; GATHER GROUND, to gain ground; GATHER ONE'S SELF TOGETHER, to collect all one's powers, like one about to leap; GATHER TO A HEAD, to ripen: to come into a state of preparation for action or effect; GATHER WAY, to get headway by sail or steam so as to answer the helm. [A.S. _gaderian_, _gaederian_, _(t['o])gaedere_, together; cf. _geador_, together, _g['ae]d_, company.]

GATLING-GUN. See GUN.

GAUCHE, g[=o]sh, _adj._ left-handed: clumsy.--_n._ GAUCHE'RIE (-r[=e]), clumsiness: awkwardness. [Fr.]

GAUCHO, gow'ch[=o], _n._ a native of the La Plata pampas of Spanish descent, noted for marvellous horsemanship.--Less correctly GUA'CHO.

GAUCIE, GAUCY, GAWCY, GAWSY, g[:a]'si, _adj._ _(Scot.)_ portly, jolly.

GAUD, gawd, _n._ an ornament: a piece of finery:--_pl._ showy ceremonies, gaieties.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) make merry.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to adorn with gauds: to paint, as the cheeks.--_ns._ GAUDE[=A]'MUS, a rejoicing, students' merrymaking; GAUD'ERY, finery.--_adv._ GAUD'ILY.--_ns._ GAUD'INESS, showiness; GAUD'Y, an English university feast or festival.--_adj._ showy: gay.--_n._ GAUD'Y-DAY. [L. _gaudium_, delight--_gaud[=e]re_, to rejoice.]

GAUGE, GAGE, g[=a]j, _n._ a measuring-rod: a standard of measure: estimate.--_v.t._ to measure the contents of any vessel: to estimate ability.--_adj._ GAUGE'ABLE, capable of being gauged.--_ns._ GAUG'ER, an excise officer whose business is to gauge or measure the contents of casks; GAUG'ING, the art of measuring casks containing excisable liquors; GAUG'ING-ROD, an instrument for measuring the contents of casks; BROAD'-, NARR'OW-GAUGE, in railroad construction, a distance between the rails greater or less than 56-1/2 inches, called _standard gauge_. [O. Fr. _gauge_ (Fr. _jauge_), _gauger_; prob. related to _jale_, bowl, to _galon_, gallon, or to _jalon_, measuring stake.]

GAUL, gawl, _n._ a name of ancient France: an inhabitant of Gaul.--_adj._ GAUL'ISH. [Fr.,--L. _Gallus_; perh. conn. with A.S. _wealh_, foreign.]

GAULT, gawlt, _n._ a series of beds of clay and marl, between the Upper and the Lower Greensand: brick earth--also GALT.--_n._ GAULT'ER, one who digs gault.

GAULTHERIA, gal-t[=e]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of evergreen aromatic plants--one species, the U.S. _winter-green_, yielding a valued volatile oil. [From the Canadian botanist M. _Gaultier_.]

GAUM, gawm, _v.t._ to smear: (_obs._) to handle clumsily.--_adj._ GAUM'Y, dauby.

GAUN, g[:a]n, Scotch for going.

GAUNT, g[:a]nt, _adj._ thin: of a pinched appearance: causing emaciation.--_adv._ GAUNT'LY.--_n._ GAUNT'NESS. [Skeat compares Norw. _gand_, pointed stick, and Sw. prov. _gank_, a lean horse.]

GAUNTLET, g[:a]nt'let, _n._ the iron glove of armour, formerly thrown down in challenge: a long glove covering the wrist.--_p.adj._ GAUNT'LETED, wearing a gauntlet or gauntlets.--_n._ GAUNT'LET-GUARD, a guard of a sword or dagger, protecting the hand very thoroughly.--RUN THE GAUNTLET (see GANTLET).--THROW DOWN, TAKE UP, THE GAUNTLET, to give, to accept a challenge. [Fr. _gantelet_, double dim. of _gant_, a glove, of Scand. origin; cf. Old Sw. _vante_, a glove, Ice. _v[:o]ttr_, a glove, Dan. _vante_.]

GAUNTRY. See GANTRY.

GAUP, GAWP, gawp, _v.i._ (prov.) to gape in astonishment.--_ns._ GAUP'US, GAWP'US, a silly person.

GAUR, gowr, _n._ a species of ox inhabiting some of the mountain jungles of India. [Hindustani.]

GAUZE, gawz, _n._ a thin, transparent fabric, originally of silk, now of any fine hard-spun fibre: material slight and open like gauze.--_adj._ GAUZE'-WINGED, having gauzy wings.--_n._ GAUZ'INESS.--_adj._ GAUZ'Y.--_n._ WIRE'-GAUZE (see WIRE). [Fr. _gaze_, dubiously referred to _Gaza_ in Palestine.]

GAVAGE, ga-v[:a]zh', _n._ a process of fattening poultry by forcing them to swallow food at fixed intervals: (_med._) a similar method of forced feeding. [Fr. _gaver_--_gave_, the crop of a bird.]

GAVE, g[=a]v, _pa.t._ of _give_.

GAVEL, g[=a]'vel, a prov. form of _gable_.

GAVEL, gav'el, _n._ an old Saxon and Welsh form of tenure by which an estate passed, on the holder's death, to all the sons equally.--_v.t._ to divide or distribute in this way.--_ns._ GAV'ELKIND, a tenure now peculiar to Kent by which the tenant at fifteen can sell the estate or devise it by will, the estate cannot escheat, and on an intestacy the lands descend from the father to all sons in equal portions; GAV'ELMAN, a tenant holding land in gavelkind. [A.S. _gafol_, tribute; cog. with _giefan_, to give.]

GAVIAL, g[=a]'vi-al, _n._ the East Indian species of crocodile, with very long slender muzzle. [Adapted from Hindustani _ghariy[=a]l_, a crocodile.]

GAVOTTE, ga-vot', n. a lively kind of dance, somewhat like a country-dance, originally a dance of the _Gavotes_, the people of Gap, in the Upper Alps: the music for such a dance.

GAWD, gawd, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as GAUD.

GAWK, gawk, _adj._ left, as in _gawk-handed_.--_ns._ GAWK'IHOOD, GAWK'INESS, quality of being gawky.--_adj._ GAWK'Y, awkward, stupid, ungainly.--_n._ a lout. [Prob. a contr. of _gaulick_-, _galloc_-, _gallish_-(_handed_); most prob. not related to Fr. _gauche_.]

GAY, g[=a], _adj._ lively: bright: sportive, merry: wanton, dissipated, of loose life: showy: (_prov._) spotted.--adv. (_Scot._) fairly, considerably.--_ns._ GAI'ETY, GAY'ETY, GAY'NESS.--_advs._ GAI'LY, GAY'LY; GAY'SOME, gladsome.--GAY SCIENCE, a rendering of _gai saber_, the Provencal name for the art of poetry. [O. Fr. _gai_--Old High Ger. _w[^a]hi_, pretty, not _g[^a]hi_, swift (Diez).]

GAYAL, GYAL, g[=i]'al, _n._ a kind of East Indian ox, long domesticated, dark brown in colour, with short curved horns. [Hindi.]

GAY-YOU, g[=i]'-[=u], _n._ a narrow, flat-bottomed fishing-boat, of two or three masts, used in Annam.

GAZE, g[=a]z, _v.i_, to look fixedly.--_n._ a fixed look: the object gazed at--(_Spens._) GAZE'MENT.--_adj._ GAZE'FUL (_Spens._), looking intently.--_ns._ GAZE'-HOUND, a hound that pursues by sight rather than scent; GAZ'ER, one who gazes; GAZ'ING-STOCK, a person exposed to public view, generally in a bad sense.--AT GAZE, in the attitude of gazing. [Prob. cog. with obs. _gaw_, to stare, Ice. _g['a]_, to heed. Some compare the Sw. _gasa_, to stare.]

GAZEBO, g[=a]-z[=e]'b[=o], _n._ a summer-house with a wide prospect. [Humorously formed from _gaze_.]

GAZEL, gaz'el, _n._ a form of GHAZAL (q.v.).

GAZELLE, GAZEL, ga-zel', _n._ a small species of antelope with beautiful dark eyes, found in Arabia and North Africa. [Fr.,--Ar. _ghaz[=a]l_, a wild-goat.]

GAZETTE, ga-zet', _n._ a newspaper: one of the three official newspapers of the United Kingdom, published in Edinburgh, London, and Dublin, with record of every appointment in the public service.--_v.t._ to publish in a gazette:--_pr.p._ gazett'ing; _pa.p._ gazett'ed.--_n._ GAZETTEER', a geographical dictionary: (_orig._) a writer for a gazette, official journalist.--_v.t._ to describe in gazetteers.--_adj._ GAZETTEE'RISH, like a gazetteer in style.--APPEAR, HAVE ONE'S NAME, IN THE GAZETTE, to be mentioned in one of the three official newspapers, esp. of bankrupts. [Fr.,--It. _gazzetta_, a small coin; or from It. _gazzetta_, in the sense of a magpie=a chatterer.]

GAZOGENE, gaz'o-j[=e]n, _n._ an instrument for manufacturing aerated waters, usually for domestic use, by the action of an acid on an alkali carbonate. [Fr., _gaz_, gas, Gr. _gen[=e]s_--_gignesthai_, to become.]

GAZON, ga-zon', _n._ a sod or piece of turf, used in fortification.--_n._ GAZOON', used erroneously by Hogg for a compact body of men. [Fr., _grass_.]

GAZY, g[=a]'zi, _adj._ affording a wide prospect: given to gazing.

GEACH, g[=e]ch, _n._ (_slang_) a thief.--_v.t._ to steal.

GEAL, j[=e]'al, adj. pertaining to the earth regarded as a planet. [Gr. _g[=e]_, earth.]

GEAL, j[=e]l, _v.i._ to congeal.

GEAN, g[=e]n, _n._ the European wild cherry. [O. Fr. _guigne_.]

GEAR, g[=e]r, _n._ a state of preparation: dress: harness: tackle: (_mech._) connection by means of toothed wheels: (_obs._) a matter, affair.--_v.t._ to put in gear, as machinery.--_p.adj._ GEARED, connected with the motor by gearing.--_ns._ GEAR'ING, harness: working implements: (_mech._) a train of toothed wheels and pinions; GEAR'-WHEEL, a wheel with teeth or cogs which impart or transmit motion by acting on those of another wheel; DRIV'ING-GEAR, those parts in a machine most nearly concerned in imparting motion.--MULTIPLYING GEARING, a combination of cog-wheels for imparting motion from wheels of larger to wheels of smaller diameter, by which the rate of revolution is increased; OUT OF GEAR, out of running order, unprepared; STRAIGHT GEARING, the name given when the planes of motion are parallel--opposed to _Bevelled gearing_, when the direction is changed (see BEVEL). [M. E. _gere_, prob. Ice. _gervi_; cf. A.S. _gearwe_, Old High Ger. _garawi_, Eng. _yare_ and _gar_, v.]

GEASON, g[=e]'zn, _adj._ (_Spens._) rare: wonderful. [A.S. _g['ae]sne_, _g['e]sne_, wanting, barren.]

GEAT, j[=e]t, _n._ the hole in a mould through which the metal is poured in casting.

GEBBIE, geb'i, _n._ (_Scot._) the stomach.

GEBUR, ge-b[=oo]r', _n._ a tenant-farmer in the early English community.

GECK, gek, _n._ a dupe: scorn, object of scorn.--_v.t._ to mock.--_v.i._ to scoff at. [Prob. Low Ger. _geck_; Dut. _gek_, Ger. _geck_.]

GECKO, gek'[=o], _n._ one of a family of small dull-coloured lizards called _Geckotidae_. [Malay _g[=e]koq_.]

GED, ged, _n._ (_prov._) the pike or luce. [Ice. _gedda_.]

GEE, g[=e], _n._ (_prov._) a fit of ill-temper, usually in phrase 'to take the gee.'