Part 34

HAEMONY, h[=e]'mo-ni, _n._ a plant with sovereign properties against magic, &c., in Milton's _Comus_. [Prob. formed from Gr. _haim[=o]nios_, blood-red.]

HAEMOPHILIA, h[=e]-mo-fil'i-a, hem-o-, _n._ a constitutional tendency to excessive bleeding when any blood-vessel is even slightly injured.

HAEMOPHTHALMIA, h[=e]-mof-thal'mi-a, _n._ effusion of blood into the eye. [Gr. _haima_, blood, _ophthalmos_, the eye.]

HAEMOPTYSIS, h[=e]-mop'ti-sis, _n._ expectoration of blood. [Gr. _haima_, blood, _ptysis_, a spitting.]

HAEMORRHAGE, HEM-, hem'or-[=a]j, _n._ a discharge of blood from the blood-vessels.--_adj._ HAEMORRHAG'IC. [Gr. _haimorrhagia_--_haima_, blood, _rh[=e]gnynai_, to burst.]

HAEMORRHOIDS, HEM-, hem'or-oidz, _n.pl._ dilated veins liable to discharge blood, esp. piles.--_adj._ HAEMORRHOID'AL. [Gr. _haimorrhoides_--_haima_, blood, _rhein_, to flow.]

HAEMOSTASIA, h[=e]-mo-st[=a]'si-a, _n._ stagnation of blood in any part: any operation for arresting the flow of blood, as the ligation of an artery.--_adj._ HAEMOSTAT'IC, stopping or preventing haemorrhage, styptic. [Gr. _haima_, blood, _stasis_, a standing.]

HAET, HAIT, h[=a]t, _n._ (_Scot._) a whit.

HAFFET, haf'et, _n._ (_Scot._) the side of the head, the temples. [Prob. _half-head_--A.S. _healf-h['e]afod_.]

HAFFLIN, haf'lin, _adj._ (_Scot._) half-grown.--_n._ a fool.

HAFT, haft, _n._ a handle.--_v.t._ to set in a haft: to establish firmly. [A.S. _haeft_; Ger. _heft_.]

HAG, hag, _n._ an ugly old woman, originally a witch: one of the Round Mouths, allied to the lamprey.--_adj._ HAG'GISH, hag-like.--_adv._ HAG'GISHLY.--_adj._ HAG'-RID'DEN, ridden by witches, as a horse: troubled by nightmare.--_ns._ HAG'-SEED, a witch's offspring; HAG'SHIP, the personality of a hag; HAG'WEED, the common broom, a broomstick being usually bestridden by a witch in her flight through the air. [A.S. _haegtesse_, a witch; Ger. _hexe_.]

HAG, hag, _n._ (_Scot._) any broken ground in a moss or bog: brushwood to be cut down.

HAGBERRY, hag'ber-i, _n._ the bird-cherry--sometimes HACK'BERRY. [Prob. Scand.; Ice. _heggr_.]

HAGBUT. See HACKBUT.

HAGDEN. See HACKLET.

HAGGADA, ha-g[:a]'da, _n._ a free Rabbinical homiletical commentary on the whole Old Testament, forming, together with the _Halacha_, the Midrash, but from its especial popularity often itself styled the Midrash--also HAGG[:A]'DAH, AG[:A]'DAH.--_adjs._ HAGGAD'IC, HAGGADIST'IC, pertaining to the Haggada, said of free interpretation, opposed to _Halachic_ or legal.--_n._ HAGG'ADIST. [Heb.]

HAGGARD, hag'ard, _adj._ lean: hollow-eyed: wild, applied to an untrained hawk--(_arch._) HAGG'ED.--_n._ HAGG'ARD, a hawk.--_adv._ HAGG'ARDLY. [O. Fr. _hagard_, prob. related to _haie_, hedge.]

HAGGARD, hag'ard, _n._ a stackyard. [_Hay-yard_.]

HAGGIS, hag'is, _n._ a Scotch dish made of the heart, lungs, and liver of a sheep, calf, &c., chopped up with suet, onions, oatmeal, &c., seasoned and boiled in a sheep's stomach-bag. [Ety. unknown; not Fr. _hachis_, hash, assimilated with _hag_, _hack._]

HAGGLE, hag'l, _v.t._ to cut unskilfully: to mangle.--_v.i._ to be slow and hard in making a bargain: to stick at trifles, to cavil.--_n._ HAGG'LER. [A variant of _hackle_, itself a freq. of _hack_, to cut.]

HAGIARCHY, h[=a]'ji-ar-ki, _n._ government by priests.--Also HAGIOC'RACY. [Gr. _hagios_, sacred, _arch[=e]_, rule.]

HAGIOGRAPHA, hag-i-og'ra-fa, _n.pl._ the last of the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament, comprehending the books of Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, Ruth, Esther, Chronicles, Canticles, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes.--_adj._ HAGIOG'RAPHAL.--_n._ HAGIOG'RAPHER, one of the writers of the Hagiographa: a sacred writer.--_adjs._ HAGIOGRAPH'IC, -AL, pertaining to the Hagiographa. [Gr. _hagiographa_ (_biblia_)--_hagios_, holy, _graphein_, to write.]

HAGIOLOGY, hag-i-ol'o-ji, _n._ history of saints.--_n._ HAGIOG'RAPHER, a writer of saints' lives.--_adjs._ HAGIOGRAPH'IC, -AL, pertaining to the writing of saints' lives.--_ns._ HAGIOG'RAPHY, the lives of saints as a branch of literature; HAGIOL'ATER, one who worships saints; HAGIOL'ATRY, the worship of saints.--_adjs._ HAGIOLOG'IC, -AL.--_n._ HAGIOL'OGIST, one versed in the legends of saints. [Gr. _hagios_, holy, _logia_, discourse.]

HAGIOSCOPE, hag'-, or h[=a]'ji-o-sk[=o]p, _n._ an oblique opening in the screen or chancel wall of a church to afford a view of the chief altar to those in a side chapel or aisle, a squint.--_adj._ HAGIOSCOP'IC. [Gr. _hagios_, holy, _skopein_, to look.]

HAH, h[:a], _interj._ Same as HA.

HA-HA, imitation of the sound of laughter.

HA-HA, HAWHAW, haw-haw', _n._ a sunk fence, or a ditch not seen till close upon it.

HAHNEMANNIAN, h[:a]-ne-man'i-an, _adj._ of or relating to C. F. S. _Hahnemann_ (1755-1843), founder of the homeopathic method of treatment.

HAIDUK, h[=i]'duk, _n._ one of those, from the forests of eastern Hungary, who in the 16th century maintained a guerilla warfare against the Turks. [Hung. _hajduk_, pl. of _hajdu_, a cowherd.]

HAIK, haik, _n._ an oblong piece of cloth which Arabs wrap round the head and body.--Also HAICK, HAIQUE, HYKE.

HAIKH, haih, _n._ a branch of the Iranic group of Aryan languages, including Armenian and Ossetian: the native name of Armenia.--_adj._ Armenian.

HAIL, h[=a]l, _v.t._ to greet: to call to, at a distance: to address one passing.--_n._ a call: greeting.--_interj._ or _imper._ (_lit._) may you be in health.--_n._ HAIL'-FELL'OW, a familiar friend.--_adj._ on hearty and intimate terms--'Hail, fellow! well met,' often used as a kind of descriptive adjective.--HAIL FROM, to come from. [Ice. _heill_, health.]

HAIL, h[=a]l, _n._ frozen rain or particles of ice falling from the clouds.--_v.i._ to rain hail.--_v.t._ to pour down in rapid succession.--_ns._ HAIL'SHOT, small shot which scatters like hail; HAIL'STONE, a single stone or ball of hail; HAIL'-STORM, a storm accompanied with hail.--_adj._ HAIL'Y. [A.S. _hagol_; Ger. _hagel_.]

HAIN, h[=a]n, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to save, preserve: to spare.--_adj._ HAINED, saved, kept carefully.--_n._ HAIN'ING, an enclosure. [Ice. _hegna_, to protect; cf. Sw. _h[:a]gna_; Dan. _hegne_.]

HAIN'T, HAINT=have not, has not.

HAIR, h[=a]r, _n._ a filament growing from the skin of an animal: the whole mass of hairs which forms a covering for the head or the whole body: (_bot._) minute hair-like processes on the cuticle of plants: anything very small and fine: particular course, quality, or character: (_mech._) a locking spring or other safety contrivance in the lock of a rifle, &c., capable of being released by a slight pressure on a hair-trigger.--_ns._ HAIR'BREADTH, HAIR'S'-BREADTH, the breadth of a hair (HAIRBREADTH 'SCAPE, a very narrow escape): a very small distance; HAIR'-BRUSH, a brush for the hair; HAIR'CLOTH, cloth made partly or entirely of hair; HAIR'DRESSER, one who dresses or cuts hair: a barber.--_adj._ HAIRED, having hair--as _black-haired_, _fair-haired_, &c.--_ns._ HAIR'-GRASS, a kind of grass found generally on poor soil, the bracts of whose florets are generally awned near the base; HAIR'INESS.--_adj._ HAIR'LESS, without hair.--_ns._ HAIR'-LINE, a line made of hair, used in fishing: a slender line made in writing or drawing: (_print._) a very thin line on a type; HAIR'-OIL, perfumed oil used in dressing the hair; HAIR'-PEN'CIL, an artist's brush made of a few fine hairs; HAIR'-PIN, a pin used in hairdressing; HAIR'-POW'DER, a white powder for dusting the hair; HAIR'-SHIRT, a penitent's shirt of haircloth; HAIR'-SPACE, the thinnest metal space used by compositors; HAIR'-SPLIT'TER, one who makes too nice distinctions; HAIR'-SPLIT'TING, the art of making minute and over-nice distinctions; HAIR'SPRING, a very fine hair-like spring coiled up within the balance-wheel of a watch; HAIR'-STROKE, in writing, a fine stroke with the pen: a hair-line; HAIR'-TRIGG'ER, a trigger which discharges a gun or pistol by a hair-like spring; HAIR'-WORK, work done or something made with hair, esp. human; HAIR'WORM, a worm, like a horse-hair, which lives in the bodies of certain insects.--_adj._ HAIR'Y, of or resembling hair: covered with hair.--AGAINST THE HAIR, against the grain: contrary to what is natural; A HAIR OF THE DOG THAT BIT HIM, a smaller dose of that which caused the trouble, esp. used of the morning glass after a night's debauch--a homeopathic dose; COMB A PERSON'S HAIR THE WRONG WAY, to irritate or provoke him; KEEP ONE'S HAIR ON (_slang_) to keep cool; MAKE THE HAIR STAND ON END, to give the greatest astonishment or fright to another; NOT TO TURN A HAIR, not to be ruffled or disturbed; PUT UP THE HAIR, to dress the hair up on the head instead of wearing it hanging; SPLIT HAIRS, to make superfine distinctions; TO A HAIR, TO THE TURN OF A HAIR, exactly, with perfect nicety. [A.S. _h['ae]r_, Ger., Dut., and Dan. _haar_, &c.]

HAIRST, h[=a]rst, a Scotch form of _harvest_.

HAITH, h[=a]th, _interj._ (_Scot._) by my faith!

HAJJ. See HADJ.

HAKE, h[=a]k, _n._ a gadoid fish resembling the cod--varieties are the _Silver Hake_, the _Merluccio_, the _Squirrel-hake_, &c.--_ns._ H[=A]'KED, HAC'OT (_prov._), the pike (A.S. _hacod_; Ger. _hecht_). [Prob. Scand.; cf. Norw. _hake-fisk_, lit. 'hook-fish.']

HAKE, h[=a]k, _n._ (_prov._) a hook, esp. a pot-hook: a pike. [Prob. Ice. _haki_; cf. Dut. _haak_.]

HAKE, h[=a]k, _v.i._ to idle or loiter about. [Cf. Dut. _haken_, to hanker.]

HAKEEM, HAKIM, ha-k[=e]m', _n._ a physician. [Ar.]

HAKIM, h[=a]'kim, _n._ a judge or governor in Mohammedan India.

HALACHAH, HALAKAH, HALACHA, ha-lak'[:a], _n._ an amplification of points not explicitly set forth in the Mosaic law, deduced from it by analogy, and arranged in the collection of legal precepts designated _Halachoth_.--_adj._ HALACH'IC, pertaining to halachoth, legal as opposed to homiletic or haggadic. [Heb.,--_h[=a]lak_, to walk.]

HALATION, ha-l[=a]'shun, _n._ a _halo_-like appearance in a photograph, caused by reflection of light.

HALBERD, hal'b[.e]rd, _n._ a weapon consisting of a wooden shaft some six feet long, surmounted by an axe-like instrument balanced on the opposite side by a hook or pick.--_n._ HALBERDIER', one armed with a halberd. [O. Fr. _halebard_--Mid. High Ger. _helmbarde_ (Ger. _hellebarde_)--_halm_, handle, or _helm_, helmet; Old High Ger. _barta_ (Ger. _barte_), an axe.]

HALCYON, hal'si-un, _n._ the kingfisher, once believed to make a floating nest on the sea, which remained calm while it was hatching.--_adj._ calm: peaceful: happy--hence HALCYON-DAYS, a time of peace and happiness. [L.,--Gr., _alky[=o]n_; as if _hals_, the sea, _kyein_, to conceive.]

HALD, a Scotch form of _hold_.

HALE, h[=a]l, _adj._ healthy: robust: sound of body.--_n._ (_Spens._) welfare.--_n._ HALE'NESS. [Northern A.S. _h['a]l_; the S. forms _h[^o]l_, _hool_, produce _whole_. There is a parallel N. form from Norse _heill_.]

HALE, h[=a]l, _v.t._ to drag. [A variant of _haul_.]

HALF, h[:a]f, _n._ one of two equal parts: a contraction of half-year, as in a school session:--_pl._ HALVES (h[:a]vz).--_adj._ having or consisting of one of two equal parts: being in part: incomplete, as measures.--_adv._ in an equal part or degree: in part: imperfectly.--_v.i._ to divide into two equal parts.--_ns._ HALF'-AND-HALF, a mixture of beer or porter and ale; HALF'-BACK, in football, a position on the right or left side of the field, between the quarter-back and full-back, or directly behind the forwards: a player occupying this position.--_adj._ HALF'-BAKED, underdone: incomplete: half-witted.--_v.t._ HALF'-BAPTISE', to baptise privately and hastily.--_ns._ HALF'-BIND'ING, a style of bookbinding in which the backs and corners are of leather, and the sides of paper or cloth; HALF'-BLOOD, relation between those who are of the same father or mother, but not of both.--_adj._ HALF'-BLOOD'ED.--_ns._ HALF'-BOARD (_naut._), a manoeuvre by which a sailing-ship gains distance to windward by luffing up into the wind; HALF'-BOOT, a boot reaching half-way to the knee.--_adj._ HALF'-BOUND, bound only partly in leather, as a book.--_n._ HALF'-BREED, one that is half-blooded.--_adj._ HALF'-BRED, half or not well bred or trained: wanting in refinement.--_ns._ HALF'-BROTH'ER, HALF'-SIS'TER, a brother or sister by one parent only; HALF'-CAP (_Shak._), a cap only

## partly taken off: a slight salute; HALF'-CASTE, a person one of whose

parents belongs to a Hindu caste, and the other is a European: any half-breed; HALF'-CHEEK (_Shak._), a face in profile; HALF'-COCK, the position of the cock of a gun when retained by the first notch (see COCK); HALF'-CROWN, a silver coin in England, of the value of two shillings and sixpence.--_adj._ HALF'-DEAD, almost dead, nearly exhausted.--_n._ HALF'-DOLL'AR, a silver coin of the United States, worth 50 cents.--_adj._ HALF'-DONE, not fully cooked, roasted, &c.--_n._ HALF'-DOZ'EN, six.--_adjs._ HALF'-ED'UCATED, imperfectly educated; HALF'EN (_Spens._), half.--_adv._ HALF'ENDEAL (_Spens._), half.--_adjs._ HALF'-FACED (_Shak._), showing only part of the face: wretched-looking; HALF'-HEART'ED, cold, ungenerous: lukewarm: indifferent.--_adv._ HALF'-HEART'EDLY.--_ns._ HALF'-HEART'EDNESS; HALF'-HOLIDAY, half of a working day for recreation; HALF'-KIR'TLE, a kind of jacket worn by women in the 16th and 17th centuries; HALF'-LENGTH, a portrait or photograph showing the upper part of the body.--_adj._ of half-length.--_ns._ HALF'LING, a half-grown person, between a boy and a man; HALF'-MAST, the position of a flag lowered half-way down, in respect for the dead or in signal of distress; HALF'-MEAS'URE, any means inadequate for the end proposed; HALF'-MOON, the moon at the quarters when but half of it is illuminated: anything semicircular; HALF'-MOURN'ING, a mourning costume less than deep or full mournings.--_adj._ HALF'-N[=A]'KED, as nearly naked as clothed.--_ns._ HALF'-NOTE (_mus._), a minim, being one-half of a semibreve or whole note; HALF'-ONE (_golf_), a handicap of one stroke every second hole; HALF'-PAY, reduced pay, as of naval or military officers when not in active service.--_adj._ receiving half-pay.--_ns._ HALFPENNY (h[=a]'pen-i), a copper coin worth half a penny: the value of half a penny: (_Shak._) anything very small:--_pl._ HALFPENCE (h[=a]'pens); HALF'PENNYWORTH, the worth or value of a halfpenny; HALF'-PIKE, a pike with a shaft only half the length of the ordinary; HALF'-PRICE, a reduced charge of admission, &c.--_adj._ at half the usual prices.--_adj._ HALF'-ROUND (_Milt._), semicircular.--_ns._ HALF'-ROY'AL, a special kind of millboard or pasteboard; HALF'-SHELL, one-half of a bivalve, as in oysters 'on the half-shell.'--_adj._ HALF'-SIGHT'ED, short-sighted.--_n._ HALF'-SOV'EREIGN, an English gold coin, worth ten shillings.--_adj._ HALF'-STARVED, having insufficient food.--_ns._ HALF'-SUIT, the body armour of the 17th century; HALF'-SWORD (_Shak._), fight within half a sword's length: close fight; HALF'-TIDE, the tide half-way between flood and ebb.--_adj._ left dry at half-tide.--_ns._ HALF'-TIM'ER, one who works only half the usual time, esp. a pupil in an elementary school allowed to be absent half the school-day at some employment; HALF'-TINT, an intermediate tint; HALF'-T[=I]'TLE, a short title of a book at the head of the first page of the text, or a title of any subdivision of a book when printed in a full page; HALF'-TRUTH, a statement conveying only part of the truth.--_adv._ HALF'-WAY, at half the way or distance: imperfectly.--_adj._ equally distant from two points.--_adjs._ HALF'-WIT'TED, weak in intellect; HALF'-YEAR'LY, occurring at every half-year or twice in a year.--_adv._ twice in a year.--_n._ BETT'ER-HALF, a wife.--HALF-SEAS-OVER, half-drunk.--NOT HALF, to a very slight extent: (_slang_) not at all.--CRY HALVES, to claim a half-share; GO HALVES, to share equally with a person. [A.S. _healf_ (Ger. _halb_, Dan. _halv_); original meaning 'side.']

HALIBUT, hal'i-but, _n._ the largest kind of flat-fishes, in form more elongated than the flounder or the turbot.--Also HOL'IBUT. [M. E. _hali_, holy, and _butte_, a flounder, plaice, the fish being much eaten on fast or holy days; cf. Dut. _heilbot_, Ger. _heilbutt_.]

HALICORE, hal-ik'o-ri, _n._ a dugong.

HALIDOM, hal'i-dom, _n._ (_Spens._) holiness--used chiefly as an oath. [A.S. _h['a]lig_, holy, and affix _-dom_.]

HALIEUTICS, hal-i-[=u]'tiks, _n._ a treatise on fishes or fishing. [L.,--Gr.,_--hals_, the sea.]

HALIOTIS, hal-i-[=o]'tis, _n._ a genus of univalve shells, the ear-shells, supplying mother-of-pearl.--_adj._ HAL'IOTOID. [Gr. _hals_, sea, _ous_, _[=o]tis_, ear.]

HALITUS, hal'i-tus, _n._ a vapour.--_adj._ HALIT'UOUS. [L.]

HALL, hawl, _n._ a large room or passage at the entrance of a house: a large chamber for public business--for meetings, or for the sale of

## particular goods: an edifice in which courts of justice are held: a

manor-house: the main building of a college, and in some cases, as at Oxford and Cambridge, the specific name of a college itself: an unendowed college: a licensed residence for students: the great room in which the students dine together--hence also the dinner itself: a place for special professional education, or for conferring professional degrees or licenses, as a Divinity Hall, Apothecaries' Hall.--_ns._ HALL'AGE, toll paid for goods sold in a hall; HALL'-DOOR, the front door of a house.--A HALL! A HALL! a cry at a mask or the like for room for the dance, &c.; BACHELOR'S HALL, a place free from the restraining presence of a wife; LIBERTY HALL, a place where every one can do as he pleases. [A.S. _heall_; Dut. _hal_, Ice. _holl_, &c.]

HALLAN, hal'an, _n._ (_Scot._) a partition to keep out the cold between the door of a cottage and the fireplace.--_n._ HALLANSH[=A]K'ER, a sturdy beggar.

HALLELUJAH, HALLELUIAH, hal-e-l[=oo]'ya, _n._ the exclamation 'Praise (ye) the Lord' (Jah or Jehovah), which occurs in many songs and anthems: a song of praise to God, a musical composition based on the word, as the Hallelujah (chorus) in Handel's _Messiah_.--_n._ HALLEL (hal-el', hal'el), the hymn of praise chanted during the Passover supper, consisting of Psalms cxiii.-cxviii. inclusive. [Heb., 'Praise ye Jehovah,' _halelu_, praise ye, and _J[=a]h_, Jehovah.]

HALLIARD. See HALYARD.

HALLION, hal'yon, _n._ a lazy rascal.--Also HALL'IAN, HALL'YON.

HALL-MARK, hawl'-m[:a]rk, _n._ the authorised impression of certain symbols made on articles of gold and silver at the various assay offices in the United Kingdom to indicate their true value and the fineness of the metal: any mark of genuineness or good quality.--_v.t._ to assay and mark authoritatively.

HALLOO, hal-l[=oo]', _n._ a hunting cry: a cry to draw attention.--_v.i._ to cry after dogs: to raise an outcry.--_v.t._ to encourage or chase with shouts.--_interjs._ HALLO'! HALLOA'! used to call attention.--HALLOO BEFORE ONE IS OUT OF THE WOOD, to count on safety before one is out of danger. [Imit., A.S. _['e]al['a]_.]

HALLOW, hal'[=o], _v.t._ to make holy: to set apart for religious use: to reverence.--_n._ a saint.--_ns._ HALL'OWE'EN, the evening before All-Hallows or All-Saints' Day; HALL'OWMAS, the Feast of All-Saints, 1st November. [A.S. _h['a]lgian_--_h['a]lig_, holy.]

HALLUCINATION, hal-l[=u]-sin-[=a]'shun, _n._ error: delusion: the perception of things that do not externally exist.--_v.i._ HALL[=U]'CINATE, to suffer illusion.--_adjs._ HALL[=U]'CINATIVE, HALL[=U]'CINATORY, partaking of or tending to produce hallucination. [L. _hallucinationem_--_alucin[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to wander in mind.]

HALLUX, hal'uks, _n._ the first or innermost digit of the foot, the great toe. [L. _allex_.]

HALM, HAULM, hawm, _n._ the stalk of any kind of grain. [A.S. _healm_; Ger. _halm_.]

HALMA, hal'ma, _n._ a game played on a checkered board of 256 squares, by two or four persons, with thirteen to nineteen men each--also _Hoppity_: in the Greek pentathlon the long jump with weights in the hands. [Gr.,--_hallesthai_, to leap.]

HALMATURUS, hal-ma-t[=u]'rus, _n._ a genus of kangaroos.

HALO, h[=a]'l[=o], _n._ a luminous circle round the sun or moon, due to the presence of ice-crystals in the air: (_paint._) the bright ring round the heads of saints, hence any ideal or sentimental glory attaching to a thing:--_pl._ HALOS (h[=a]'l[=o]z).--_v.t._ to surround with a halo.--_n._ HAL'OSCOPE, an instrument exhibiting the phenomena connected with halos, parhelia, &c. [L. _halos_--Gr. _hal[=o]s_, threshing-floor.]

HALOGEN, hal'o-jen, _n._ a substance which by combination with a metal forms a saline compound.--_adjs._ HALOG'ENOUS; HA'LOID, like sea-salt.--_ns._ HAL'OMANCY, divination by means of salt; HAL'OPHYTE, the salt-wort, found in salt-marshes, &c. [Gr. _hals_, salt, _gen[=e]s_, producing.]

HALSE, hawls, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to clasp round the neck, to embrace.--_n._ (_obs._) the neck, throat--(_Scot._) HAWSE. [A.S. _heals_, neck; Ger. _hals_.]

HALSER, hawz'[.e]r, _n._ See HAWSER.

HALT, hawlt, _v.i._ to stop from going on: (_mil._) to stop in a march.--_v.t._ to stop.--_n._ (_mil._) a stop in marching. [Orig. a Ger. military term, _halt_, stoppage.]

HALT, hawlt, _n._ a halting or limping.--_adj._ lame, crippled, limping.--_v.i._ to be lame, to limp: to walk unsteadily: to vacillate: to proceed lamely or imperfectly, to be at fault, as in logic, rhythm, &c.--_ns._ HALT'ING; HALT'ING-PLACE. [A.S. _halt_, _healt_; Dan. and Sw. _halt_.]

HALTER, hawlt'[.e]r, _n._ a head-rope for holding and leading a horse: a rope for hanging criminals: a strong strap or cord.--_v.t._ to catch or bind with a rope. [A.S. _haelftre_; Ger. _halfter_.]

HALVE, h[:a]v, _v.t._ to divide into halves or two equal parts: to join two pieces of timber by notching or lapping.--_adj._ HALVED, divided into halves: (_bot._) appearing as if one side were cut away.--_n.pl._ HALVES (see HALF).

HALYARD, HALLIARD, hal'yard, _n._ (_naut._) a rope or purchase for hoisting or lowering a sail, yard, or flag, named from their use or position, as 'peak-halyards,' 'signal-halyards,' &c. [Skeat explains it as _hale_ and _yard_; more prob. merely _hale-ier_.]

HAM, ham, _n._ the back of the thigh: the thigh of an animal, esp. of a hog salted and dried. [A.S. _hamm_; cf. dial. Ger. _hamme_.]

HAMADRYAD, ham'a-dr[=i]-ad, _n._ (_myth._) a wood-nymph who lived and died with the tree in which she dwelt:--_pl._ HAM'ADRYADS, HAMADRY'ADES (-[=e]z). [Gr. _hamadryas_--_hama_, together, _drys_, a tree.]

HAMARTHRITIS, ham-ar-thr[=i]'tis, _n._ gout in all the joints. [Gr. _hama_, together, _arthritis_, gout.]

HAMARTIALOGY, ham-ar-ti-al'o-ji, _n._ that section of theology which treats of the nature and effects of sin. [Gr. _hamartia_, sin, _logia_, discourse.]

HAMATE, h[=a]'m[=a]t, _adj._ hooked, uncinate.--_adj._ HAM'IFORM, hamate.

HAMBLE, ham'bl, _v.t._ to mutilate, to cut out the balls of a dog's feet, making him useless for hunting.--_v.i._ to walk lame, to limp. [A.S. _hamelian_.]

HAMBURG, ham'burg, _n._ a black variety of grape--often _Black Hamburg_: a small-sized variety of the domestic fowl, with blue legs, including the _Black_, _Gold-_ and _Silver-pencilled_, and _Gold-_ and _Silver-spangled Hamburgs_.

HAME, h[=a]m, _n._ one of the two curved bars to which the traces are attached in the harness of a draught-horse. [Cf. Dut. _haam_, Low Ger. _ham_.]

HAMESUCKEN, h[=a]m'suk-n, _n._ (_Scots law_) the assaulting of a man in his own house. [A.S. _h['a]m-s['o]cn_, lit. 'home seeking,' an attack upon a house, also the fine exacted for such; cf. Ger. _heimsuchung_.]

HAMILTONIAN, ham-il-t[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ pertaining to James _Hamilton_ (1769-1831), or his method of teaching languages without grammar, by a literal interlinear word-for-word translation: pertaining to the philosophy of Sir W. _Hamilton_ (1788-1856).

HAMITIC, ham-it'ik, _adj._ pertaining to _Ham_, a son of Noah, or the races that used to be called his descendants, or their languages.--_n.pl._ HAM'ITES, a physical and linguistic group, stretching across the north of Africa--the African branch of the Caucasic family--comprising Berbers, the Fellahin, &c.

HAMLET, ham'let, _n._ a cluster of houses in the country: a small village.--_adj._ HAM'LETED, located in a hamlet. [O. Fr. _hamel_ (Fr. _hameau_), and dim. affix _-et_--from Teut., Old Fris. _ham_, a home, Ger. _heim_, A.S. _h['a]m_, a dwelling.]

HAMMAL, ham'al, _n._ a Turkish porter.

HAMMAM, ham'am, _n._ an Oriental bathing establishment, a Turkish bath.--Also HUM'MAUM, HUM'MUM. [Ar.]

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HAMMER, ham'[.e]r, _n._ a tool for beating metal or driving nails: a striking-piece in the mechanism of a clock or piano: that part of the lock of a firearm which falls with a sharp blow and causes the discharge of the piece: the baton of an auctioneer, a knock from which signifies that an article is sold: a small bone of the ear, the malleus.--_v.t._ to drive, shape, or fashion with a hammer: to contrive by intellectual labour, to excogitate (with _out_): to declare (a person) a defaulter on the Stock Exchange: to beat down the price of (a stock), to depress (a market).--_ns._ HAMM'ER-BEAM, a horizontal piece of timber in place of a tie-beam at or near the feet of a pair of rafters; HAMM'ERHEAD, HAMM'ER-FISH, a rapacious fish of the shark family--from the shape of its head.--_adj._ HAMM'ERHEADED, with a head shaped like a hammer: dull in intellect, stupid.--_n._ HAMM'ERING, a dented, appearance on silverware effected by successive blows of a hammer.--_adj._ HAMM'ERLESS, without a hammer--of a gun.--_n._ HAMM'ERMAN, a man who hammers, as a blacksmith, goldsmith, &c.--HAMMER-AND-TONGS, with great noise and vigour, violently.--BRING TO THE HAMMER, to sell, or cause to sell, by auction; UP TO THE HAMMER, first-rate. [A.S. _hamor_; Ger. _hammer_, Ice. _hamarr_.]

HAMMERCLOTH, ham'[.e]r-kloth, _n._ the cloth which covers a coach-box. [Skeat thinks it an adaptation of Dut. _hemal_, heaven, a covering, with the addition of _cloth_, by way of giving a sort of sense.]

HAMMOCHRYSOS, ham-o-kr[=i]'sos, _n._ a sparkling stone of the ancients, perhaps yellow micaceous schist. [Gr., _hammos_, sand, _chrysos_, gold.]

HAMMOCK, ham'uk, _n._ a piece of strong cloth or netting suspended by the corners, and used as a bed by sailors. [Sp. _hamaca_, of Carib origin.]

HAMOSE, h[=a]'mos, _adj._ hooked--also H[=A]'MOUS.--_adjs._ HAM'ULAR, like a small hook; HAM'ULATE, having a small hook at the tip.--_n._ HAM'ULUS, a small hook or hook-like process. [L. _hamus_, hook.]

HAMPER, ham'p[.e]r, _v.t._ to impede or perplex: to shackle.--_n._ a chain or fetter.--_p.adj._ HAM'PERED, fettered, impeded.--_adv._ HAM'PEREDLY.--_n._ HAM'PEREDNESS. [First about 1350, in Northern writers, prob. rel. to Ice. _hemja_ (pt.t. _hamdi_), to restrain; Ger. _hemmen_.]

HAMPER, ham'p[.e]r, _n._ a large basket for conveying goods.--_v.t._ to put in a hamper.--_ns._ HAN'AP, a large drinking-cup; HAN'APER, an old name for a receptacle for treasure, paper, &c., long the name of an office in the Court of Chancery. [For _hanaper_--O. Fr. _hanapier_--_hanap_, a drinking-cup--Old High Ger. _hnapf_; A.S. _hnaep_, a bowl.]

HAMSHACKLE, ham'shak-l, _v.t._ to shackle a cow or horse by a rope joined to the head and fore-leg: to fetter, restrain. [_Hamper_ and _shackle_.]