Part 26

GEE, j[=e], _v.i._ of horses, to move to the offside--the right, the driver standing on the left.--_v.t._ to cause so to move.--_v.i._ to go, to suit, get on well.--_n._ GEE-GEE, a horse.--GEE UP, to proceed faster.

GEESE, _pl._ of _goose_.

GEEZ, g[=e]-ez', GIZ, g[=e]z, _n._ the ancient language of Ethiopia, a Semitic tongue closely related to Arabic.

GEGG, geg, _n._ (_Scot._) a hoax, trick.--_v.t._ to hoax.--_n._ GEG'GERY, trickery.

GEHENNA, ge-hen'a, _n._ the valley of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, in which the Israelites sacrificed their children to Moloch, and to which, at a later time, the refuse of the city was conveyed to be slowly burned--hence (_N.T._) hell. [L.,--Heb. _Ge_, valley of, and _Hinnom_.]

GEISHA, g[=a]'sha, _n._ a Japanese dancing-girl.

GEIST, g[=i]st, _n._ spirit, any inspiring or dominating principle. [Ger.]

GELASTIC, jel-as'tik, _adj._ risible.

GELATINE, GELATIN, jel'a-tin, _n._ an animal substance which dissolves in hot water and forms a jelly when cold.--_adj._ GELATIG'ENOUS, producing gelatine.--_vs.t._ GELAT'IN[=A]TE, GELAT'IN[=I]SE, to make into gelatine or jelly.--_vs.i._ to be converted into gelatine or jelly.--_ns._ GELATIN[=A]'TION, GELATINIS[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ GELATIN'IFORM, having the form of gelatine; GELA'TINOID, like gelatine; GELAT'INOUS, resembling or formed into jelly.--_n._ GEL[=A]'TION, solidification by cold.--EXPLOSIVE GELATINE, a powerful explosive made by gently heating nitro-glycerine in a water-bath, then dissolving gun-cotton in it. [Fr.,--It. _gelatina_, _gelata_, jelly.]

GELD, geld, _n._ a historical term meaning money: tribute. [A.S. _geld_, _gyld_, payment; Ice. _giald_, money.]

GELD, geld, _v.t._ to emasculate, castrate: to spay: to deprive of anything essential, to enfeeble: to deprive of anything objectionable.--_ns._ GELD'ER; GELD'ING, act of castrating: a castrated animal, esp. a horse. [Ice. _gelda_; Dan. _gilde_.]

GELDER(S)-ROSE. See GUELDER-ROSE.

GELID, jel'id, _adj._ icy cold: cold.--_adv._ GEL'IDLY.--_ns._ GEL'IDNESS, GELID'ITY. [L. _gelidus_--_gelu_, frost.]

GELOTOMETER, jel-ot-om'e-ter, _n._ (_Landor_) a gauge for measuring laughter.

GELSEMIUM, jel-s[=e]'mi-um, _n._ the yellow or Cardina jasmine, a climbing plant of the Atlantic Southern United States, having large fragrant blossoms and perennial dark-green leaves. [It. _gelsomino_, jasmine.]

GELT, gelt, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _geld_.

GELT, gelt, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as GILT.

GEM, jem, _n._ any precious stone, esp. when cut: anything extremely valuable or attractive, a treasure.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to bud: to adorn with gems: to bespangle:--_pr.p._ gem'ming; _pa.p._ gemmed.--_ns._ GEM'-CUT'TING, the art of cutting and polishing precious stones; GEM'-ENGRAV'ING, the art of engraving figures on gems.--_adj._ GEM'MEOUS, pertaining to gems.--_n._ GEM'MERY, gems generally.--_adj._ GEM'MY, full of gems, brilliant. [A.S. _gim_; Old High Ger. _gimma_--L. _gemma_, a bud.]

GEMARA, ge-m[:a]r'a, _n._ the second part of the Talmud, consisting of commentary and complement to the first part, the Mishna. [Aramaic, 'completion.']

GEMATRIA, ge-m[=a]'tri-a, _n._ a cabbalistic method of interpreting the Hebrew Scriptures by interchanging words whose letters have the same numerical value when added. [Rabbinical Heb.,--Gr. _ge[=o]metria_, geometry.]

GEMEL-RING, jem'el-ring, _n._ a ring with two or more links.--_n._ GEM'EL, a twin.--_adj._ GEMELLIP'AROUS, producing twins. [O. Fr. _gemel_ (Fr. _jumeau_)--L. _gemellus_, dim. of _geminus_, twin, and _ring_.]

GEMINATE, jem'in-[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) in pairs.--_v.t._ (_rare_) to double.--_n._ GEMIN[=A]'TION, a doubling: repetition of a word to add emphasis: (_philol._) the doubling of a consonant originally single. [L. _gemin[=a]re_, _[=a]tum_--_geminus_, twin.]

GEMINI, jem'i-n[=i], _n.pl._ the twins, a constellation containing the two bright stars Castor and Pollux.--_adj._ GEM'INOUS (_bot._), double, in pairs.--_n._ GEM'INY (_Shak._), twins, a pair: used as a mild oath or interjection, from the common Latin oath _O Gemini_, or simply _Gemini_--spelt also _geminy_, _gemony_, _jiminy_. [L., pl. of _geminus_, twin-born.]

GEMMAN, jem'an, _n._ gentleman.--Also GEM'MAN.

GEMMATION, jem-m[=a]'shun, _n._ (_bot._) act or time of budding: arrangement of buds on the stalk.--_n._ GEM'MA, a bud:--_pl._ GEM'MAE.--_adjs._ GEMM[=A]'CEOUS, pertaining to leaf-buds; GEM'M[=A]TE, having buds; GEM'MATIVE; GEMMIF'EROUS, producing buds.--_n._ GEMMIPAR'ITY.--_adj._ GEMMIP'AROUS (_zool._), reproducing by buds growing on the body.--_n._ GEM'M[=U]LE, a little gem or leaf-bud.--_adj._ GEMMULIF'EROUS, bearing gemmules. [Fr.,--L. _gemm[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_.]

GEMOT, GEMOTE, ge-m[=o]t', _n._ a meeting or assembly. [A.S. _gem['o]t_. Cf. MOOT.]

GEMSBOK, jemz'bok, _n._ a species of antelope, found in South Africa, about the size of a stag, with long straight horns. [Dut.]

GENAPPE, je-nap', _n._ a smooth worsted yarn used with silk in fringes, braid, &c. [_Genappe_ in Belgium.]

GENDARME, jang-darm', _n._ originally a mounted lancer, but since the Revolution one of a corps of military police, divided into legions and companies:--_pl._ GENDARMES', GENSDARMES'.--_n._ GENDAR'MERIE, the armed police of France. [Fr. _gendarme_, sing. from pl. _gens d'armes_, men-at-arms--_gens_, people, _de_, of, _armes_, arms.]

GENDER, jen'd[.e]r, _v.t._ to beget.--_v.i._ (_B._) to copulate. [An abbrev. of _engender_.]

GENDER, jen'd[.e]r, _n._ kind, esp. with regard to sex: (_gram._) the distinction of nouns according to sex. [Fr. _genre_--L. _genus_, _generis_, a kind, kin.]

GENEALOGY, jen-e-al'o-ji, _n._ history of the descent of families: the pedigree of a particular person or family.--_adj._ GENEALOG'ICAL.--_adv._ GENEALOG'ICALLY.--_v.i._ GENEAL'OGISE, to investigate or treat of genealogy.--_n._ GENEAL'OGIST, one who studies or traces genealogies or descents.--GENEALOGICAL TREE, the lineage of a family or person under the form of a tree with roots, branches, &c. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _genealogia_--_genea_, birth, _legein_, to speak of.]

GENERA. See GENUS.

GENERAL, jen'[.e]r-al, _adj._ relating to a genus or whole class: including many species: not special: not restricted: common: prevalent: public: loose: vague.--_n._ a class embracing many species: an officer who is head over a whole department: a military officer who commands a body of men not less than a brigade (often _general officer_): the chief commander of an army in service: (_R.C. Church_) the head of a religious order, responsible only to the Pope: (_Shak._) the public, the vulgar.--_n._ GENERAL'[=E], esp. in _pl._ GENERALIA, general principles.--_adj._ GENERAL[=I]'SABLE.--_n._ GENERALIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ GENERAL[=I]SE', to include under a general term: to infer (the nature of a class) from one or a few instances.--_v.i._ to reason inductively.--_n._ GENERAL'ITY.--_advs._ GEN'ERALLY, GEN'ERAL (_obs._), in a general or collective manner or sense: in most cases: upon the whole.--_n._ GEN'ERALSHIP, the position of a military commander: military tactics.--GENERAL ASSEMBLY (see ASSEMBLY); GENERAL EPISTLE, one addressed to the whole Church (same as CATHOLIC EPISTLE); GENERAL PRACTITIONER, a physician who devotes himself to general practice rather than to special diseases; GENERAL PRINCIPLE, a principle to which there are no exceptions within its range of application; GENERAL SERVANT, a servant whose duties are not special, but embrace domestic work of every kind.--IN GENERAL, mostly, as a general rule. [O. Fr.,--L. _generalis_--_genus_.]

GENERALISSIMO, jen-[.e]r-al-is'i-mo, _n._ the chief general or commander of an army of two or more divisions, or of separate armies. [It.]

GENERATE, jen'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to produce: to bring into life: to originate.--_adj._ GEN'ERABLE, that may be generated or produced.--_ns._ GEN'ERANT (_math._), a line, point, or figure that produces another figure by its motion; GENER[=A]'TION, a producing or originating: a single stage in natural descent: the people of the same age or period: offspring, progeny, race: (_pl._) genealogy, history (_B._); GENER[=A]'TIONISM, traducianism.--_adj._ GEN'ER[=A]TIVE, having the power of generating or producing.--_ns._ GEN'ER[=A]TOR, begetter or producer: the principal sound in music; GEN'ER[=A]TRIX (_geom._), the point, line, or surface which, by its motion, generates another magnitude.--_adjs._ GENET'IC, -AL, pertaining to genesis or production.--_adv._ GENET'ICALLY.--_ns._ GEN'ETRIX, GEN'ITRIX, a female parent; GEN'ITOR, a progenitor; GEN'ITURE, birth.--ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS, a complication in the life-history of plants, when the organism produces offspring unlike itself, but giving rise in turn to forms like the original parents; SPONTANEOUS GENERATION, the origination of living from non-living matter: abiogenesis. [L. _gener[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_--_genus_, a kind.]

GENERIC, -AL, GENERICALLY. See GENUS.

GENEROUS, jen'[.e]r-us, _adj._ of a noble nature: courageous: liberal: bountiful: invigorating in its nature, as wine: (_obs._) nobly born.--_adv._ GEN'EROUSLY.--_ns._ GEN'EROUSNESS, GENEROS'ITY, nobleness or liberality of nature: (_arch._) nobility of birth. [Fr. _g['e]n['e]reux_--L. _generosus_, of noble birth--_genus_, birth.]

GENESIS, jen'e-sis, _n._ generation, creation, or production: the first book of the Bible, so called from its containing an account of the Creation:--_pl._ GEN'ES[=E]S.--_adjs._ GENES'IAC, -AL, GENESIT'IC, pertaining to Genesis. [L.,--Gr.,--_gignesthai_, to beget.]

GENET, GENNET. Same as JENNET.

GENET, jen'et, _n._ a carnivorous animal, allied to the civet, of a gray colour, marked with black or brown, a native of Africa, Asia, and Southern Europe: its fur, made into muffs and tippets.--Also GEN'ETTE. [Fr. _genette_--Sp. _gineta_--Ar. _jarnait_, a genet.]

GENETHLIAC, -AL, j[=e]-neth'li-ak, -al, _adj._ pertaining to a birthday or nativity.--_n._ a birthday poem.--_n._ GENETHL[=I]'ACON, a birthday ode.--_adjs._ GENETHLIALOG'IC, -AL.--_n._ GENETHLIAL'OGY, the art of casting nativities.

GENEVA, je-n[=e]'va, _n._ a spirit distilled from grain and flavoured with juniper-berries, also called _Hollands_.--_n._ GENEVETTE', a wine made from wild fruits flavoured with juniper-berries. [Dut. _genever_, _jenever_, O. Fr. _genevre_ (Fr. _geni[`e]vre_)--L. _juniperus_, the juniper; corrupted to _Geneva_ by confusion with the town of that name. See GIN.]

GENEVAN, j[=e]-n[=e]'van, _adj._ pertaining to _Geneva_.--_n._ an inhabitant of Geneva: an adherent of Genevan or Calvinistic theology.--_adjs._ and _ns._ GEN[=E]'VAN, GENEV[=E]SE'.--_n._ GEN[=E]'VANISM, Calvinism.--GENEVA BIBLE, a version of the Bible with racy notes produced by English exiles at Geneva in 1560; GENEVA CONVENTION, an international agreement of 1865 providing for the neutrality of hospitals, and the security of sanitary officers, naval and military chaplains; GENEVA CROSS, a red cross on a white ground displayed for protection in war of persons serving in hospitals, &c.; GENEVA GOWN, the dark, loose preaching gown affected by the early Geneva reformers, and still the common form of pulpit-gown among Presbyterians; GENEVAN THEOLOGY, so called from Calvin's residence in Geneva and the establishment of his doctrines there.

GENIAL, j[=e]'ni-al, _adj._ pertaining to generation, producing: cheering: kindly: sympathetic: healthful.--_v.t._ G[=E]'NIALISE, to impart geniality to.--_ns._ GENIAL'ITY, G[=E]'NIALNESS.--_adv._ G[=E]'NIALLY. [Fr.--L. _genialis_, from _genius_, the spirit of social enjoyment.]

GENIAL, jen'i-al, _adj._ of or pertaining to the chin. [Gr. _geneion_--_genys_, the jaw.]

GENICULATE, -D, je-nik'[=u]-l[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._) bent abruptly like the knee: jointed: knotted.--_v.t._ GENIC'ULATE, to form joints in.--_n._ GENICUL[=A]'TION. [L. _genicul[=a]re_, -[=a]tum--_geniculum_, a little knee--_genu_, the knee.]

GENIE, j[=e]'ni, _n._ a jinnee. [Fr. _g['e]nie_--L. _genius_.]

GENIPAP, jen'i-pap, _n._ a large West Indian tree with excellent fruit. [Native.]

GENISTA, j[=e]-nis'ta, _n._ a large genus of shrubby, leguminous plants, with simple leaves and yellow flowers. [L. _genista_, broom.]

GENITAL, jen'i-tal, _adj._ belonging to generation or the act of producing.--_n.pl._ GEN'ITALS (also GENIT[=A]'LIA), the exterior organs of generation. [L. _genitalis_--_gign[)e]re_, _genitum_, to beget.]

GENITIVE, jen'i-tiv, _adj._ (_gram._) applied to a case properly denoting the class or kind to which a thing belongs, represented in modern English by the possessive case.--_adj._ GENIT[=I]'VAL. [L. _genitivus_ (_gign[)e]re_, _genitum_, to beget), as if indicating origin, a mistranslation of Gr. _genikos_--_genos_, a class.]

GENIUS, j[=e]n'yus, or j[=e]'ni-us, _n._ the special inborn faculty of any individual: special taste or disposition qualifying for a particular employment: a man having such power of mind: a good or evil spirit, supposed by the ancients to preside over every person, place, and thing, and esp. to preside over a man's destiny from his birth: prevailing spirit or tendency: type or generic exemplification--(_obs._) G[=E]N'IO:--_pl._ GENIUSES (j[=e]n'yus-ez).--GENIUS LOCI (L.), the presiding divinity of a place:--_pl._ GENII (j[=e]'ni-[=i]). [L. _genius_--_gign[)e]re_, _genitum_, to beget.]

GENOESE, je-n[=o]-[=e]z', _adj._ relating to _Genoa_--also GENOVESE'.--_n._ an inhabitant of Genoa.

GENOUILL[`E]RE, zhe-n[=oo]-y[=a]r, _n._ the knee-piece in armour.

GENRE, zhangr, _n._ kind, style: a style of painting scenes from familiar or rustic life. [Fr. _genre_, kind--L. _genus_.]

GENS, jenz, _n._ in ancient Rome, a clan including several families descended from a common ancestor: a tribe:--_pl._ GEN'TES. [L.]

GENT, jent, _adj._ (_Spens._) noble. [O. Fr.,--L. _gentilis_, gentle.]

GENT, jent, _n._ familiar abbrev. of _gentleman_: one who apes the gentleman.

GENTEEL, jen-t[=e]l', _adj._ well-bred: graceful in manners or in form: fashionable.--_adj._ GENTEEL'ISH, somewhat genteel.--_adv._ GENTEEL'LY.--_n._ GENTEEL'NESS (same as GENTILITY).--THE GENTEEL, the manners and usages of genteel or well-bred society. [Fr. _gentil_--L. _gentilis_, belonging to the same _gens_, or clan--later, well-bred.]

GENTIAN, jen'shan, _n._ a plant the root of which is used in medicine, said by Pliny to have been brought into use by _Gentius_, king of Illyria, conquered by the Romans in 167 B.C.--_ns._ GENTIANEL'LA, a name for several species of gentian, esp. _Gentiana acaulis_, with deep-blue flowers; GEN'TIANINE, a yellow crystalline bitter compound obtained from the yellow gentian.

GENTILE, jen't[=i]l, _n._ (_B._) any one not a Jew: any one not a Christian.--_adj._ of or belonging to a _gens_ or clan: belonging to any nation but the Jews: (_gram._) denoting a race or country.--_adjs._ GENTIL'IC, tribal; GEN'TILISH, heathenish.--_n._ GEN'TILISM, paganism.--_adjs._ GENTILI'TIAL, GENTILI'TIAN, GENTILI'TIOUS, pertaining to a gens. [L. _gentilis_--_gens_, a nation.]

GENTLE, jen'tl, _adj._ well-born: mild and refined in manners: mild in disposition: amiable: soothing: moderate: gradual.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to make gentle.--_n._ (_obs._) a person of good family: (_Shak._) a trained falcon: the larva of the flesh-fly, used as a bait in angling.--_n._ GENTILESSE', the quality of being gentle, courtesy.--_v.t._ GEN'TILISE, to raise to the class of gentleman.--_n._ GENTIL'ITY, good birth or extraction: good breeding: politeness of manners: genteel people: marks of gentility.--_n.pl._ GEN'TLEFOLK, people of good family.--_adj._ GEN'TLE-HEART'ED, having a gentle or kind disposition.--_n._ GEN'TLEHOOD, position or character attaching to gentle birth.--_n._ GEN'TLENESS.--_adv._ GENT'LY.--_n._ GEN'TRICE, gentle birth, courtesy.--GENTLE READER, courteous reader, an old-fashioned phrase common in the prefaces of books.--THE GENTLE CRAFT, a phrase used to specify shoe-making, also angling; THE GENTLE (or GENTLER) SEX, women in general as opposed to the _stern_ or _sterner sex_. [Fr.,--L. _gentilis_. See GENTEEL.]

GENTLEMAN, jen'tl-man, _n._ a man of good birth: one who without a title wears a coat of arms: more generally every man above the rank of yeoman, including the nobility: one above the trading classes: a man of refined manners: a polite term used for man in general: (_Shak._) a body-servant:--_pl._ GEN'TLEMEN--also a word of address:--_fem._ GEN'TLEWOMAN.--_ns._ GEN'TLEMAN-AT-ARMS, a member of the royal bodyguard, instituted in 1509, and now composed of military officers of service and distinction only; GEN'TLEMAN-COMM'ONER, a member of the higher class of commoners at Oxford University; GEN'TLEMANHOOD, GEN'TLEMANSHIP, the condition or character of a gentleman.--_adjs._ GEN'TLEMANLIKE, GEN'TLEMANLY, well-bred, refined, generous; GEN'TLEMANLINESS.--_adj._ GEN'TLEWOMANLY, like a refined and well-bred woman.--_n._ GEN'TLEWOMANLINESS.--GENTLEMAN FARMER, a landowner who resides on his estate and superintends the cultivation of his own soil; GENTLEMAN OF THE CHAPEL-ROYAL, a lay-singer who assists the priests in the choral service of the royal chapel; GENTLEMAN'S GENTLEMAN, a valet, or gentleman's body-servant; GENTLEMAN USHER, a gentleman who serves as an usher at court, or as an attendant on a person of rank.

GENTOO, jen-t[=oo]', _n._ a Hindu. [Port. _gentio_, a Gentile.]

GENTRY, jen'tri, _n._ the class of people below the rank of nobility: (_coll._) people of a particular, esp. an inferior, stamp: (_Shak._) noble birth. [Apparently an altered form of _gentrice_, from O. Fr. _genterise_, _gentelise_, formed from adj. _gentil_, gentle.]

GENTY, jen'ti, _adj._ (_Scot._) neat, pretty, graceful.

GENUFLECT, jen-[=u]-flekt', _v.i._ to bend the knee in worship or respect.--_ns._ GENUFLEC'TION, GENUFLEX'ION. [L. _genu_, the knee, _flect[)e]re_, to bend.]

GENUINE, jen'[=u]-in, _adj._ natural, not spurious or adulterated: real: pure: (_zool._) conformable to type.--_adv._ GEN'UINELY.--_n._ GEN'UINENESS. [L. _genuinus_--_gign[)e]re_, to beget.]

GENUS, j[=e]'nus, _n._ (_zool._) a group consisting of a number of species closely connected by common characters or natural affinity: (_log._) a class of objects comprehending several subordinate species:--_pl._ GENERA (jen'[.e]ra).--_adjs._ GENER'IC, -AL, pertaining to a genus: relating to gender: of a general nature, not special: distinctly characteristic.--_adv._ GENER'ICALLY. [L. _genus_, _generis_, birth; cog. with Gr. _genos_--_gignesthai_.]

GEO, GIO, gy[=o], _n._ (_prov._) a gully, creek. [Ice. _gj['a]_.]

GEOCENTRIC, -AL, j[=e]-o-sen'trik, -al, _adj._ having the earth for its centre: (_astron._) as seen or measured from the earth.--_adv._ GEOCEN'TRICALLY.--_n._ GEOCEN'TRICISM. [Gr. _g[=e]_, the earth, _kentron_, a centre.]

GEOCYCLIC, j[=e]-[=o]-sik'lik, _adj._ pertaining to the revolutions of the earth.

GEODE, j[=e]'[=o]d, _n._ (_min._) a rounded nodule of stone with a hollow interior.--_adj._ GEODIF'EROUS, bearing or producing geodes. [Fr.,--Gr. _ge[=o]d[=e]s_, earth-like, earthen--_g[=e]_, earth, _eidos_, form.]

GEODESY, je-od'e-si, _n._ a science whose object is to measure the earth and its parts on a large scale.--_ns._ GEOD[=E]'SIAN, GEOD'ESIST, one skilled in geodesy.--_adjs._ GEODES'IC, -AL, GEODET'IC, -AL, pertaining to or determined by geodesy. [Fr. _g['e]od['e]sie_--Gr. _ge[=o]daisia_--_g[=e]_, the earth, _daiein_, to divide.]

GEOGNOSY, je-og'no-si, _n._ the study of the materials of the earth's substance, now frequently called _Petrography_--also GEOGN[=O]'SIS.--_n._ G[=E]'OGNOST.--_adjs._ GEOGNOST'IC, -AL.--_adv._ GEOGNOST'ICALLY. [Fr. _g['e]ognosie_--Gr. _g[=e]_, the earth, _gn[=o]sis_, knowledge.]

GEOGONY, je-og'o-ni, _n._ the doctrine of the production or formation of the earth--also GEOG'ENY.--_adj._ GEOGON'IC. [Gr., _g[=e]_, the earth, _gon[=e]_, generation.]

GEOGRAPHY, je-og'ra-fi, _n._ the science which describes the surface of the earth and its inhabitants: a book containing a description of the earth.--_n._ GEOG'RAPHER.--_adjs._ GEOGRAPH'IC, -AL, relating to geography.--_adv._ GEOGRAPH'ICALLY.--GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION (see DISTRIBUTION).--DESCRIPTIVE GEOGRAPHY, that part of geography which consists in a statement of facts; HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY, that part of geography which investigates the changes which have occurred in the governmental control of territory; PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY (see PHYSICAL); POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY, geography that gives an account of the different communities of mankind. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _ge[=o]graphia_--_g[=e]_, the earth, _graph[=e]_, a description--_graphein_, to write.]

GEOLATRY, j[=e]-ol'a-tri, _n._ earth-worship. [Gr. _g[=e]_, the earth, _latreia_, worship.]

GEOLOGY, je-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science relating to the history and development of the earth's crust, together with the several floras and faunas which have successively clothed and peopled its surface.--_ns._ GEOLO'GIAN, GEOL'OGIST.--_adjs._ GEOLOG'IC, -AL, pertaining to geology.--_adv._ GEOLOG'ICALLY.--_v.i._ GEOL'OGISE.--DYNAMICAL GEOLOGY, the study of natural operations based on the belief that the effects of Nature's agents in the present will further interpret the records of such

## actions in the past; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY, that geology which treats of the

mode in which rocks are built up in the earth's crust. [Fr. _g['e]ologie_--Gr. _g[=e]_, the earth, _logia_, a discourse.]

GEOMANCY, j[=e]'o-man-si, _n._ divination by figures or lines drawn on the earth.--_n._ G[=E]'OMANCER.--_adj._ GE'OMANTIC, pertaining to geomancy. [Fr. _g['e]omancie_--Gr. _g[=e]_, the earth, _manteia_, divination.]

GEOMETRY, je-om'e-tri, _n._ that branch of mathematics which treats of magnitude and its relations: a text-book of geometry.--_ns._ GEOM'ETER, GEOMETRI'CIAN, one skilled in geometry.--_adjs._ GEOMET'RIC, -AL.--_adv._ GEOMET'RICALLY.--_v.i._ GEOM'ETRISE, to study geometry.--_n._ GEOM'ETRIST. [Fr. _g['e]om['e]trie_--L., Gr. _geometria_--_g[=e]_, the earth, _metron_, a measure.]

GEOMYS, j[=e]'[=o]-mis, _n._ the typical genus of _Geomyidae_, the pouched rats or pocket-gophers. [Gr. _g[=e]_, the earth, _mys_, mouse.]

GEONOMY, j[=e]-on'o-mi, _n._ the science of the physical laws relating to the earth.--_adj._ GEONOM'IC. [Gr. _g[=e]_, earth, _nomos_, law.]

GEOPHAGY, j[=e]-of'a-ji, _n._ the act or practice of eating earth--also GEOPH'AGISM.--_n._ GEOPH'AGIST.--_adj._ GEOPH'AGOUS. [Gr. _g[=e]_, the earth, _phagein_, to eat.]

GEOPONIC, -AL, j[=e]-o-pon'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to tilling the earth or to agriculture.--_n.pl._ GEOPON'ICS, the science of agriculture. [Fr. _g['e]oponique_--Gr. _ge[=o]ponikos_--_g[=e]_, the earth, _ponos_, labour.]

GEORAMA, j[=e]-o-r[:a]'ma, _n._ an apparatus for exhibiting the seas, lakes, rivers, and mountains on the earth's surface. [Gr. _g[=e]_, the earth, _horama_, a view--_horaein_, to see.]

GEORDIE, j[=o]r'di, _n._ a guinea, from the figure of St _George_ upon the back: a safety-lamp for miners invented by _George_ Stephenson: a coal-pitman, a collier-boat.

GEORGE, jorj, _n._ a jewelled figure of St _George_ slaying the dragon, worn by Knights of the Garter.

GEORGIAN, jorj'i-an, _adj._ relating to the reigns of the four _Georges_, kings of Great Britain: belonging to _Georgia_ in the Caucasus, its people, language, &c.: pertaining to the American State of _Georgia_.--Also _n._

GEORGIC, jorj'ik, _adj._ relating to agriculture or rustic affairs.--_n._ a poem on husbandry. [L. _georgicus_--Gr. _ge[=o]rgikos_--_ge[=o]rgia_, agriculture--_g[=e]_, the earth, _ergon_, a work.]

GEOSCOPY, j[=e]-os'k[=o]-pi, _n._ knowledge of the earth or its soil gained from observation. [Gr. _g[=e]_, the earth, _skopein_, to view.]

GEOSELENIC, j[=e]-o-se-len'ik, _adj._ relating to the earth and the moon in their mutual relations. [Gr. _g[=e]_, the earth, _sel[=e]n[=e]_, the moon.]

GEOSTATIC, j[=e]-o-stat'ik, _adj._ capable of sustaining the pressure of earth from all sides.--_n.pl._ GEOSTAT'ICS, the statics of rigid bodies. [Gr. _g[=e]_, the earth, _statikos_, causing to stand.]

GEOTECTONIC, j[=e]-o-tek-ton'ik, _adj._ relating to the structure of the earth. [Gr. _g[=e]_, the earth, _tekt[=o]n_, a builder.]

GEOTHERMIC, j[=e]-o-ther'mik, _adj._ pertaining to the internal heat of the earth.--_n._ GEOTHERMOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring subterranean temperatures. [Gr. _g[=e]_, the earth, _thermos_, heat.]

GEOTROPISM, j[=e]-ot'ro-pizm, _n._ (_bot._) tendency to growth downward.--_adj._ GEOTROP'IC. [Gr. _g[=e]_, the earth, _tropos_, a turning.]

GERAH, g[=e]'ra, _n._ (_B._) the smallest Hebrew weight and coin, 1/20th of a shekel, worth about 1-1/2d. [Heb. _g[=e]r[=a]h_.]

GERANIUM, je-r[=a]'ni-um, _n._ a genus of plants with seed-vessels like a crane's bill. [L.,--Gr. _geranion_--_geranos_, a crane.]

GERATOLOGY, jer-at-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science of the phenomena of decadence. [Gr. _g[=e]ras_, old age, _logia_, discourse.]

GERBE, jerb, _n._ something resembling a sheaf of wheat: a kind of firework. [Fr.]

GERENT, j[=e]'rent, _n._ one who holds an office, a manager, ruler.--_adj._

GERFALCON, GYRFALCON, j[.e]r'fawl-kon, -fawk'n, _n._ a large falcon, found in the northern regions of both the Old and New Worlds. [O. Fr. _gerfaucon_--Low L. _gyrofalco_, most prob. Old High Ger. _g[^i]r_, a vulture (Ger. _geier_). See FALCON.]

GERM, j[.e]rm, _n._ a rudimentary form of a living thing, whether a plant or animal: (_bot._) the seed-bud of a plant: a shoot: that from which anything springs, the origin: a first principle.--_v.i._ to put forth buds, sprout.--_n._ GERM'ICIDE, that which destroys germs. [Fr. _germe_--L. _germen_, a bud.]

GERMAN, j[.e]r'man, _adj._ of the first degree, as _cousins_ _german_: closely allied.--_n._ one from the same stock or closely allied.--_adj._ GERMANE', nearly related: relevant, appropriate. [O. Fr. _germain_--L. _germanus_, prob. for _germinanus_--_germen_, _-inis_, origin.]

GERMAN, j[.e]r'man, _n._ a native of Germany; the German language:--_pl._ GER'MANS.--_adj._ of or from Germany.--_adjs._ GERMANESQUE', marked by German characteristics; GERMAN'IC, pertaining to Germany.--_adv._ GERMAN'ICALLY.--_v.i._ GER'MANISE, to show German qualities.--_adj._ GER'MANISH, somewhat German in qualities.--_ns._ GER'MANISM, an idiom of the German language; GER'MANIST.--_adj._ GERMANIS'TIC, pertaining to the study of German.--_n._ GER'MAN-SIL'VER, an alloy of copper, nickel, and zinc, white like silver, and first made in Germany.--HIGH GERMAN, the variety of Teutonic speech, originally confined to 'High' or Southern Germany, but now accepted as the literary language throughout the whole of Germany; LOW GERMAN, properly _Plattdeutsch_, the general name for the dialects of Germany which are not High German, but also applied by philologists to all the West Germanic dialects except High German (including English, Dutch, Frisian), and formerly in a still wider sense including also Gothic and Scandinavian. [L. _Germani_, 'shouters,' from Celt. _gairm_, a loud cry; or 'neighbours'--i.e. to the Gauls, from Celt. (Old Ir.) _gair_, a neighbour.]

GERMANDER, j[.e]r'man-d[.e]r, _n._ a large genus of labiate herbs with aromatic, bitter, and stomachic properties. [Low L. _germandra_--Gr. _chamandrya_, _chamaidrys_--_chamai_, on the ground, _drys_, oak.]

GERMANIUM, j[.e]r-m[=a]'ni-um, _n._ an element discovered in 1885 in argyrodite.

GERMEN, j[.e]rm'en, _n._ a disused botanical synonym for Ovary (q.v.)--(_Shak._) GERM'IN.--_adj._ GERM'INAL, pertaining to a germ. [See GERM.]

GERMINAL, zh[=a]r-m[=e]-nal', _n._ the seventh month of the French revolutionary calendar, March 21-April 19.

GERMINATE, j[.e]rm'in-[=a]t, _v.i._ to spring from a germ: to begin to grow.--_v.t._ to produce.--_adj._ GERM'INANT, sprouting: sending forth germs or buds.--_n._ GERMIN[=A]'TION.--_adj._ GERM'INATIVE. [L. _germin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_germen_, a bud.]

GERN, j[.e]rn, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to grind or yawn.

GERONTOCRACY, jer-on-tok'ra-si, _n._ government by old men. [Gr. _ger[=o]n_, an old man, _kratos_, power.]

GEROPIGIA, jer-o-pij'i-a, _n._ a mixture of grape-juice, brandy, &c., used to sophisticate port-wine. [Port.]

GERRYMANDER, jer-i-man'der, _v.t._ (_Amer._) to rearrange the voting districts in the interests of a particular party or candidate: to manipulate facts, arguments, &c. so as to reach undue conclusions.--_n._ an arrangement of the above nature. [Formed from the name of Governor Elbridge _Gerry_ (1744-1814) and _Salamander_, from the likeness to that animal of the gerrymandered map of Massachusetts in 1811.]

GERUND, jer'und, _n._ a part of the Latin verb which has the value of a verbal noun--e.g. _amandum_, loving.--_ns._ GER'UND-GRIND'ER, a teacher, tutor; GER'UND-GRIND'ING.--_adj._ GERUND'IAL.--_n._ GERUND'IVE, the future passive participle of a Latin verb. [L. _gerundium_--_ger[)e]re_, to bear.]

GERVAO, ger-v[:a]'o _n._ a small medicinal verbenaceous shrub of the West Indies, &c. [Braz.]

GESSO, jes'[=o], _n._ a plaster surface, prepared as a ground for painting. [It.]

GEST, jest, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as GIST.

GEST, jest, _n._ an exploit: demeanour, bearing: a tale of adventure, a romance.--GESTA ROMANORUM ('deeds of the Romans'), the title of a collection of short stories and legends in Latin, with moralisations appended, which probably took its present form in England about the beginning of the 14th century. [L. _gesta_, things done--_ger[)e]re_, _gestum_, to bear.]

GESTATION, jes-t[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of carrying the young in the womb, pregnancy.--_adjs._ GES'TANT, laden; GES'TATORY, pertaining to gestation. [Fr.,--L. _gestation-em_--_gest[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to carry--_ger[)e]re_, to bear.]

GESTICULATE, jes-tik'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.i._ to make gestures when speaking: to play antic tricks.--_adj._ GES'TIC, pertaining to motion, esp. dancing.--_ns._ GESTICUL[=A]'TION, act of making gestures in speaking: a gesture; GESTIC'UL[=A]TOR, one who makes gestures.--_adj._ GESTIC'UL[=A]TORY, representing or abounding in gesticulations. [L. _gesticul[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_gesticulus_, dim. of _gestus_, gesture--_ger[)e]re_, to carry.]

GESTURE, jes't[=u]r, _n._ a posture, or movement of the body: an action expressive of sentiment or passion: (_Shak._) behaviour.--_adj._ GES'TURAL. [Low L. _gestura_--L. _gestus_, from L. _ger[)e]re_, to carry.]