Part 31

GRATE, gr[=a]t, _v.t._ to rub hard or wear away with anything rough: to make a harsh sound: to irritate or offend.--_n._ GRAT'ER, an instrument with a rough surface for grating down a body.--_adj._ GRAT'ING, rubbing hard on the feelings: harsh: irritating.--_adv._ GRAT'INGLY. [O. Fr. _grater_, through Low L., from Old High Ger. _chraz[=o]n_ (Ger. _kratzen_), to scratch, akin to Sw. _kratta_.]

GRATEFUL, gr[=a]t'f[=oo]l, _adj._ causing pleasure: acceptable: delightful: thankful: having a due sense of benefits.--_adv._ GRATE'FULLY.--_ns._ GRATE'FULNESS; GRATIFIC[=A]'TION, a pleasing or indulging: that which gratifies: delight; GRAT'IFIER.--_v.t._ GRAT'IFY, to do what is agreeable to: to please: to soothe; to indulge:--_pa.p._ grat'ified.--_p.adj._ GRAT'IFYING. [O. Fr. _grat_--L. _gratus_, pleasing, thankful, and suff. _-ful_.]

GRATILLITY, gra-til'i-ti, _n._ (_Shak._) gratuity.

GRATIS, gr[=a]'tis, _adv._ for nothing: without payment or recompense. [L., contr. of _gratiis_, abl. pl. of _gratia_, favour--_gratus_.]

GRATITUDE, grat'i-t[=u]d, _n._ warm and friendly feeling towards a benefactor: thankfulness. [Fr.,--Low L. _gratitudo_---L. _gratus_.]

GRATUITY, gra-t[=u]'i-ti, _n._ a present: an acknowledgment of service, generally pecuniary.--_adj._ GRAT[=U]'ITOUS, done or given for nothing: voluntary: without reason, ground, or proof.--_adv._ GRAT[=U]'ITOUSLY. [Fr.,--Low L. _gratuitatem_--L. _gratus_.]

GRATULATORY, grat'[=u]-la-tor-i, _adj._ congratulatory.--_adj._ GRAT'ULANT, congratulatory.--_v.t._ GRAT'UL[=A]TE, to congratulate.--_n._ GRATUL[=A]'TION, congratulation.

GRAVAMEN, grav-[=a]'men, _n._ grievance: the substantial or chief ground of complaint or accusation: the name for the statement of abuses, grievances, &c. sent by the Lower to the Upper House of Convocation. [L.,--_gravis_, heavy.]

GRAVE, gr[=a]v, _v.t._ to carve or cut on a hard substance: to engrave.--_v.i._ to engrave:--_pa.p._ graved or gr[=a]v'en.--_n._ a pit graved or dug out, esp. one in which to bury the dead: any place of burial: the abode of the dead: (_fig._) death: destruction.--_n.pl._ GRAVE'-CLOTHES, the clothes in which the dead are buried.--_n._ GRAVE'-DIG'GER, one who digs graves.--_adj._ GRAVE'LESS (_Shak._), without a grave, unburied.--_ns._ GRAVE'-MAK'ER (_Shak._), a grave-digger; GRAVE'-STONE, a stone laid over, or placed at the head of, a grave as a memorial; GRAVE'YARD, a yard or enclosure used as a burial-ground.--WITH ONE FOOT IN THE GRAVE, on the very borders of death. [A.S. _grafan_; Dut. _graven_, Ger. _graben_; Gr. _graphein_, to scratch, L. _scrib[)e]re_, to write.]

GRAVE, gr[=a]v, _v.t._ to smear with graves or greaves, a mixture of tallow, rosin, &c. boiled together.--_ns.pl._ GRAVES, GREAVES, tallow-drippings. [See GREAVES.]

GRAVE, gr[=a]v, _adj._ of importance: serious: not gay or showy: sober: solemn; weighty: (_mus._) not acute: low.--_n._ the grave accent, or its sign (`).--_adv._ GRAVE'LY.--_n._ GRAVE'NESS. [Fr.,--L. _gravis_.]

GRAVE, gr[=a]v, _n._ a count, prefect, a person holding office, as in landgrave, margrave, burgrave, &c. [Dut. _graaf_, Ger. _graf_.]

GRAVEL, grav'el, _n._ small stones often intermixed with sand: small collections of gravelly matter in the kidneys or bladder.--_v.t._ to cover with gravel: to puzzle, perplex:--_pr.p._ grav'elling; _pa.p._ grav'elled.--_adj._ GRAV'ELLY.--_ns._ GRAV'EL-PIT, a pit from which gravel is dug; GRAV'EL-WALK, a footpath covered with gravel. [O. Fr. _gravele_ (Fr. _gravier_); prob. Celt., as in Bret. _grouan_, sand, W. _gro_, pebbles.]

GRAVEN, gr[=a]v'n, _pa.p._ of _grave_, to carve, engrave.

GRAVEOLENT, grav'[=e]-o-lent, _adj._ giving forth an offensive smell.--_n._ GRAV'EOLENCE.

GRAVER, gr[=a]v'[.e]r, _n._ an engraver: a tool for engraving on hard substances, a burin.

GRAVID, grav'id, _adj._ heavy, esp. as being with child: pregnant. [L. _gravidus_--_gravis_, heavy.]

GRAVIGRADE, grav'i-gr[=a]d, _adj._ walking heavily.--_n._ an animal like the megatherium, &c.

GRAVING, gr[=a]v'ing, _n._ an act of graving or cutting out on hard substances: that which is graved or cut out: carved-work: act of cleaning a ship's bottom.--_n._ GRAV'ING-DOCK, a dock into which ships are taken to have their bottoms cleaned.

GRAVITY, grav'i-ti, _n._ weightiness: that attraction between bodies, or acceleration of one toward another, of which the fall of a body to the ground is an example: state of being grave or sober: relative importance: (_mus._) lowness of a note.--_n._ GRAVIM'ETER, an instrument for determining specific gravities.--_v.i._ GRAV'IT[=A]TE, to be acted on by gravity: to tend towards the earth: to be strongly attracted towards anything.--_n._ GRAVIT[=A]'TION, act of gravitating: the tendency of all bodies to attract each other.--_adj._ GRAV'IT[=A]TIVE.--SPECIFIC GRAVITY (see SPECIFIC). [Fr. _gravit['e]_--L. _gravitat-em_--_gravis_, heavy.]

GRAVY, gr[=a]v'i, _n._ the juices from meat while cooking.--_n._ GRAV'Y-BOAT, a vessel for gravy or sauce. [Earlier _greavy_; prob. originally an adj. formed _greaves_, the dregs of tallow.]

GRAY, GREY, gr[=a], _adj._ of a white colour mixed with black: ash-coloured: (_fig._) aged, gray-haired, mature.--_n._ a gray colour: an animal of a grayish colour, as a horse, &c.--_v.t._ to cause to become gray: to give a soft effect to a photograph by covering the negative while printing with a ground-glass plate: to depolish.--_v.i._ to grow or become gray.--_n._ GRAY'BEARD, one with a gray beard--hence an old man: a coarse earthenware vessel for holding liquors, a bellarmine.--_adjs._ GRAY'-COAT'ED (_Shak._), having a gray coat; GRAY'-EYED (_Shak._), having gray eyes.--_n._ GRAY'-FLY (_Milt._), the trumpet or gad fly.--_adjs._ GRAY'-HAIRED, GRAY'-HEAD'ED, having gray hair.--_n._ GRAY'HOUND (same as GREYHOUND).--_adj._ GRAY'ISH, somewhat gray.--_ns._ GRAY'-LAG, the common gray or wild goose; GRAY'LING, a silvery gray fish of the salmon family, but with a smaller mouth and teeth, and larger scales.--_adv._ GRAY'LY.--_ns._ GRAY'NESS; GRAY'-OWL, the common tawny owl; GRAY'STONE, a grayish or greenish volcanic rock allied to basalt; GRAYWETH'ER (see GREYWETHER).--GRAY MARE (see MARE). [A.S. _gr['ae]g_; allied to Ger. _grau_, and L. _ravus_, tawny.]

GRAYWACKE, GREYWACKE, gr[:a]'wak-e, _n._ a kind of sandstone, consisting of rounded pebbles and sand firmly united together. [Ger. _grauwacke_--_grau_, gray, _wacke_, a flint.]

GRAZE, gr[=a]z, _v.t._ to eat or feed on grass: to feed or supply with grass: (_obs._) to tend while grazing.--_v.i._ to eat grass: to supply grass.--_ns._ GRAZ'ER, an animal which grazes; GRAZIER (gr[=a]'zh[.e]r), one who grazes or pastures cattle and rears them for the market; GRAZ'ING, the act of feeding on grass: the feeding or raising of cattle. [From _grass_.]

GRAZE, gr[=a]z, _v.t._ to pass lightly along the surface. [Ety. dub.; perh. only a special use of _graze_ above; perh. coined from _rase_ (Fr. _raser_), the initial _g_ due to the analogy of _grate_.]

GREASE, gr[=e]s, _n._ soft thick animal fat: oily matter of any kind: an inflammation in the heels of a horse, marked by swelling, &c.--_v.t._ (sometimes pron. gr[=e]z) to smear with grease, to lubricate--also used figuratively, to cause to go easily: (_obs._) to bribe--as in to 'grease the palm.'--_adv._ GREAS'ILY.--_n._ GREAS'INESS.--_adj._ GREAS'Y, of or like grease or oil: smeared with grease: smooth: fat. [O. Fr. _gresse_, fatness, _gras_, fat--L. _crassus_, gross.]

GREAT, gr[=a]t, _adj._ large: long continued: superior: distinguished: highly gifted: noble: mighty: sublime: of high rank: chief: proud, arrogant: weighty: difficult: important: pregnant, teeming: indicating one degree more remote in the direct line of descent, as GREAT'-GRAND'FATHER, GREAT'-GRAND'SON.--_adj._ GREAT'-BEL'LIED (_Shak._), pregnant.--_n._ GREAT'COAT, an overcoat.--_v.t._ GREAT'EN (_Browning_), to make great.--_v.i._ to become great.--_ns._ GREAT'-GRAND'CHILD, the child of a grandchild; GREAT'-GRAND'MOTHER, the mother of a grand-parent.--_adj._ GREAT'-HEART'ED, having a great or noble heart: high-spirited: noble.--_adv._ GREAT'LY.--_ns._ GREAT'NESS; GREAT'-PRIM'ER (see PRIMER); GREATS, the final examination in the Honours Schools at Oxford, &c.; GREAT'-UN'CLE, usually grand-uncle, a grandfather's or grandmother's brother.--GREAT DANE, one of a breed of large close-haired dogs from Denmark, a boar-hound; GREAT POWERS, the chief countries of Europe--France, Germany, Russia, Great Britain, Austro-Hungary; GREAT SCHISM, the division between the Latin and Greek Churches, begun in the 9th century, and culminating in 1054; GREAT SEA, the Mediterranean; GREAT UNWASHED, an absurd term sometimes applied to the working classes generally.--GREATER BRITAIN, the whole colonial empire of Great Britain.--THE GREAT, people of rank. [A.S. _gre['a]t_; Dut. _groot_, Ger. _gross_; perh. allied to _grand_, _gross_, _grow_.]

GREAVE, gr[=e]v, _n._ (_Spens._) a groove, a grove.

GREAVE. See GREEVE.

GREAVES, gr[=e]vz, _n.pl._ the sediment of melted tallow pressed into cakes for dogs' food.--Also GRAVES. [Prov. Sw. _grevar_, tallow-leavings; cf. Ger. _griebe_.]

GREAVES, gr[=e]vz, _n.pl._ ancient armour for the legs, of leather, &c. [O. Fr. _greves_--_greve_, shin-bone.]

GREBE, gr[=e]b, _n._ an aquatic bird, having a long conical beak, short wings, and no tail. [Fr. _gr[`e]be_; from Celt., as in Bret. _krib_, a comb, W. _crib_, crest.]

GRECIAN, gr[=e]'shan, _adj._ pertaining to Greece.--_n._ a native of Greece: one well versed in the Greek language and literature: (_B._) a Hellenising Jew, or Jew who spoke Greek: one of the senior boys of Christ's Hospital: (_slang_) an Irish labourer newly over.--_v.t._ GR[=E]'CISE, to make Grecian: to translate into Greek.--_v.i._ to speak Greek.--_n._ GR[=E]'CISM, an idiom of the Greek language.--_adj._ GR[=E]'CO-R[=O]'MAN, of or pertaining to both Greece and Rome, esp. to the art cultivated by Greeks under Roman domination (see also WRESTLING).--GRECIAN BEND, a foolish mode of walking with a slight bend forward, at one time affected by a few women who fondly thought to imitate the pose of a figure like the Venus of Milo. [Fr. _Grec_--L. _Graecus_--Gr. _Graikos_.]

GRECQUE, grek, _n._ a vessel with a perforated bottom for making coffee without grounds: a Greek fret.

GREE, gr[=e], _n._ (_Spens._) good-will, favour: the prize of the day.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to agree. [O. Fr. _gre_--L. _gratus_, pleasing. See AGREE.]

GREE, gr[=e], _n._ degree, rank: a step:--_pl._ GREES, GRECE, GRESE, steps--in turn used as a sing. and spelt GREECE, GREESE, GRIECE, GRIZE, a flight of steps, a staircase, a degree (GREES'ING, GRES'SING, and even GR[=E]'CIAN are obs. forms).--_adj._ GRIECED, having steps. [O. Fr. _gre_--L. _gradus_. See GRADE.]

GREEDY, gr[=e]d'i, _adj._ having a voracious appetite: covetous: eagerly desirous.--_n._ GREED, an eager desire or longing: covetousness.--_adv._ GREED'ILY.--_n._ GREED'INESS. [A.S. _gr['ae]dig_; Dut. _gretig_.]

GREEK, gr[=e]k, _adj._ Grecian.--_n._ a Grecian: the language of Greece: (_B._) a Greek by race, or more frequently a Gentile as opposed to a Jew, a Hellenising Jew, a Jew naturalised in foreign countries: a cunning rogue, a merry fellow: any language of which one is ignorant, jargon, anything unintelligible.--_adj._ GREEK'ISH.--GREEK ARCHITECTURE, the orders developed in ancient Greece (Corinthian, Doric, Ionic); GREEK CHURCH, the church of those Christians who follow the ancient rite of the East and accept the first seven councils, rejecting all later innovations and papal supremacy--it is called Orthodox by reason of its vindications of dogma, and Eastern from its geographical distribution; GREEK CROSS (see CROSS); GREEK FIRE, a composition, burning either in or under water, supposed to have been made of asphalt, nitre, and sulphur, long kept secret by the Greeks of the Byzantine empire for their exclusive use in war; GREEK GIFT, a treacherous gift (from Virgil's _Aeneid_, ii. 49).--AT THE GREEK CALENDS, never, the Greeks having no calends.

GREEN, gr[=e]n, _adj._ of the colour of growing plants: growing: vigorous: new: unripe: inexperienced, simple, raw, easily imposed on: young.--_n._ the colour of growing plants: a small green or grassy plat, esp. that common to a village or town for public or merely ornamental purposes: the plot of grass belonging to a house or group of houses, usually at the back: (_golf_) the whole links on which the game is played, the putting-ground round the individual holes, generally counted as 20 yards from the hole all round: (_pl._) fresh leaves: wreaths: the leaves and stems of green vegetables for food, esp. plants of the cabbage kind, spinach, &c.: a political party at Constantinople, under Justinian, opposed to the Blues.--_ns._ GREEN'BACK, popular name for the paper money first issued by the United States in 1862; GREEN'-CLOTH, a gaming-table: a department of the royal household, chiefly concerned with the commissariat--from the green cloth on the table round which its officials sat; GREEN'-CROP, a crop of green vegetables, as grasses, turnips, &c.; GREEN'-EARTH, a mineral of a green colour and earthy character, used as a pigment by painters in water-colours; GREEN'ERY, green plants: verdure.--_adj._ GREEN'-EYED, having green eyes: (_fig._) jealous--GREEN-EYED MONSTER, jealousy.--_ns._ GREEN'FINCH, GREEN LINNET, a native bird of the finch family, of a green colour, slightly mixed with gray and brown; GREEN'GROCER, a grocer or dealer who retails greens, or fresh vegetables and fruits; GREEN'-HAND, an inferior sailor; GREEN'-HEART, or _Bebeeru_, a very hard variety of wood found in the West Indies and South America; GREEN'HORN, a raw, inexperienced youth; GREEN'HOUSE, a building, chiefly covered with glass and artificially heated, for the protection of exotic plants, or to quicken the cultivation of other plants or fruit; GREEN'ING (_Keats_), a becoming green: a kind of apple green when ripe.--_adj._ GREEN'ISH, somewhat green.--_n._ GREEN'ISHNESS.--_adv._ GREEN'LY, immaturely, unskilfully.--_ns._ GREEN'NESS; GREEN'ROOM, the retiring-room of actors in a theatre, which originally had the walls coloured green; GREEN'SAND, a sandstone in which green specks of iron occur; GREEN'SHANK, a bird of the snipe family, in the same genus as the redshank and some of the sandpipers; GREEN'-SICK'NESS, chlorosis (see under CHLORINE); GREEN'-SNAKE, a harmless colubrine snake common in the southern United States; GREEN'STONE, a rock term, now disused, for any dark-green basic crystalline (trap-rock); GREEN'SWARD, sward or turf green with grass; GREEN'-TEA (see TEA); GREENTH, greenness, verdure; GREEN'-TUR'TLE (see TURTLE); GREEN'-VIT'RIOL (see VIT'RIOL); GREEN'-WEED, a name given to certain half-shrubby species of genista; GREEN'WOOD, a wood or collection of trees covered with leaves: wood newly cut--also used as an _adj._, as in 'the greenwood shade.'--_adj._ GREEN'Y.--GREEN IN MY EYE, in a colloquial question=Do I look credulous or easily imposed on?--GREEN, or EMERALD, ISLE, IRELAND.--GREENSTICK FRACTURE (see FRACTURE). [A.S. _gr['e]ne_; Ger. _gr[:u]n_, Dut. _groen_, green, Ice. _graenn_, allied to _grow_.]

GREENGAGE, gr[=e]n'g[=a]j, _n._ a green and very sweet variety of plum. [Said to be named from Sir W. _Gage_ of Hengrave Hall, near Bury, before 1725.]

GREESE, GREESING. See GREE (2).

GREET, gr[=e]t, _v.t._ to salute or address with kind wishes: to send kind wishes to: to congratulate.--_v.i._ to meet and salute:--_pr.p._ greet'ing; _pa.p._ greet'ed.--_n._ GREET'ING, expression of kindness or joy: salutation. [A.S. _gr['e]tan_, to go to meet; Dut. _groeten_, Ger. _gr[:u]ssen_, to salute.]

GREET, gr[=e]t, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to cry, weep.--_adj._ GREET'ING, mournful.--_n._ weeping. [A.S. _gr['ae]tan_; Goth. _gretan_.]

GREEVE, gr[=e]v, _n._ (_Scot._) a reeve, a steward.--Also GREAVE, GRIEVE. [Not like _reeve_ from A.S. _ger['e]fa_; but from Ice. _greifi_; cf. Ger. _graf_.]

GREFFIER, gref'ier, _n._ a registrar, a prothonotary. [Fr.]

GREGARIOUS, gre-g[=a]'ri-us, _adj._ associating or living in flocks and herds.--_adj._ GREG[=A]'RIAN.--_n._ GREG[=A]-RIANISM.--_adv._ GREG[=A]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ GREG[=A]'RIOUSNESS. [L. _gregarius_--_grex_, _gregis_, a flock.]

GREGORIAN, gre-g[=o]'ri-an, _adj._ belonging to or established by Pope _Gregory_; as the Gregorian chant or tones, introduced by Gregory I. (6th century), and the calendar, reformed by Gregory XIII. (1582): one of an 18th-century English brotherhood.

GREIT, gr[=e]t. Same as GREET (2).

GREMIAL, gr[=e]'mi-al, _n._ a piece of cloth laid on a bishop's knees to keep his vestments clean from oil at ordinations. [Fr.,--L. _gremium_, the lap.]

GRENADE, gre-n[=a]d', _n._ a small shell of iron or annealed glass, filled with powder and bits of iron, and thrown from the hand, or with a shovel over a parapet. [Fr.,--Sp. _granada_--L. _granatus_, full of seeds--_granum_, a grain, seed.]

GRENADIER, gren-a-d[=e]r', _n._ (_orig._) a soldier who threw grenades: then, a member of the first company of every battalion of foot: now only used as the title of the first three battalions of the foot-guards.

GRENADINE, gren-a-d[=e]n', _n._ a thin kind of silk used for ladies' dresses, shawls, &c. [Fr.]

GRESSORIAL, gres-[=o]'ri-al, _adj._ adapted for walking, belonging to the _Gressoria_, a sub-order of orthopterous insects with slender bodies and long legs. [L. _gressus_, pa.p. of _gradi_, to walk.]

GRETNA, gret'na.--GRETNA-GREEN MARRIAGE, a runaway marriage across the Border to _Gretna_ in Dumfriesshire.

GR[`E]VE, gr[=a]v, _n._ the Tyburn of ancient Paris.

GREVES, gr[=e]vz, _n.pl._ (_Milt._) armour for the legs--a form of _greaves_.

GREW, gr[=oo], _pa.t._ of _grow_.

GREY, gr[=a]. Same as GRAY.--GREY FRIARS (see FRIAR); GREY HEN, a stone bottle for holding liquor; GREYS=_Scots Greys_ (see SCOT).

GREYHOUND, gr[=a]'hownd, _n._ a tall and slender dog, kept for the chase, with great powers of speed and great keenness of sight. [M. E. _greihund_; Ice. _greyhundr_--Ice. _grey_, a dog, _hundr_, a hound.]

GREYWETHER, gr[=a]-we_th_'er, _n._ a large block of hard sandstone found sporadically over south and south-east England.--Also GRAYWETH'ER, but not _Grayweather_. [_Gray_ and _wether_--i.e. 'gray ram.']

GRICE, gr[=i]s, _n._ a little pig.--Also GRISE. [Ice.]

GRIDDLE, grid'l, _n._ a flat iron plate for baking cakes. [O. Fr. _gredil_, _greil_--Low L. _craticulum_, dim. of _cratis_, a hurdle.]

GRIDE, gr[=i]d, _v.t._ to cut with a grating sound, to pierce harshly: to grate, jar upon:--_pr.p._ gr[=i]d'ing; _pa.p._ gr[=i]d'ed.--_n._ a harsh grating sound. [_Gird._]

GRIDELIN, grid'e-lin, _n._ a kind of violet-gray colour. [Fr. _gris de lin_, gray of flax.]

GRIDIRON, grid'[=i]-urn, _n._ a frame of iron bars for broiling flesh or fish over the fire: a frame of wood or iron cross-beams to support a ship during repairs.--_v.t._ to cover with parallel bars or lines.--_n._ GRID, a grating of parallel bars: a gridiron: (_elect._) a battery-plate somewhat like a grating, esp. a zinc plate in a primary battery, or a lead plate in a secondary or storage battery. [M. E. _gredire_, a griddle. From the same source as _griddle_; but the term. -_ire_ became confused with M. E. _ire_, iron.]

GRIECE. See GREE (2).

GRIEF, gr[=e]f, _n._ heaviness of heart: sorrow: regret: mourning: cause of sorrow: affliction: (_B._) bodily as well as mental pain.--_adjs._ GRIEF'FUL (_Spens._), full of grief; GRIEF'LESS, sorrowless; GRIEF'SHOT (_Shak._), pierced with grief. [Fr.,--L. _gravis_, heavy.]

GRIEVE. See GREEVE.

GRIEVE, gr[=e]v, _v.t._ to cause grief or pain of mind to: to make sorrowful: to vex: (_B._) also to inflict bodily pain.--_v.i._ to feel grief: to mourn.--_n._ GRIEV'ANCE, cause of grief: burden: hardship: injury: grief.--_adv._ GRIEV'INGLY (_Shak._), in sorrow, sorrowfully.--_adj._ GRIEV'OUS, causing grief: burdensome: painful: atrocious: hurtful.--_adv._ GRIEV'OUSLY, in a grievous manner: (_B._) severely.--_n._ GRIEV'OUSNESS. [O. Fr. _grever_--L. _grav[=a]re_, _gravis_, heavy.]

GRIFFIN, grif'in, GRIFFON, grif'un, _n._ an imaginary animal, with the body and legs of a lion, and the crooked beak and wings of an eagle: a new-comer in India, a novice: a watchful guardian, esp. over a young woman: a duenna.--_adj._ GRIFF'INISH.--_n._ GRIFF'INISM. [Fr. _griffon_--L. _gryphus_--Gr. _gryps_--_grypos_, hook-nosed.]

GRIG, grig, _n._ a cricket, grasshopper: a small lively eel, the sand-eel. [Prob. a form of _crick_, in _cricket_.]

GRILL, gril, _v.t._ to broil on a gridiron: to torment.--_v.i._ to undergo torment, to be in a broil.--_n._ a grated appliance for broiling meat, &c., a gridiron.--_ns._ GRILL'[=A]DE, anything grilled or broiled on a gridiron; GRILL'[=A]GE, a construction of cross-beams supporting an erection on marshy grounds.--_adj._ GRILLED, embossed with small rectangular indentations.--_n._ GRILL'-ROOM, a restaurant, where beefsteaks, &c., are grilled to one's order. [Fr. _griller_--_gril_, a gridiron--L. _craticula_, dim. of _cratis_, a grate.]

GRILLE, gril, _n._ a lattice, or grating, or screen, or open-work of metal, generally used to enclose or protect a window, shrine, &c.: a grating in a convent or jail door. [Fr. See GRILL.]

GRILSE, grils, _n._ a young salmon on its first return from salt water. [Skeat suggests a corr. of Dan. _graalax_, Sw. _gr[oa]lax_, 'gray salmon,' from Dan. _graa_, Sw. _gr[oa]_, gray; and Dan., Sw., Ice. _lax_, Ger. _lachs_, a salmon. Others suggest Ir. _greal sach_.]

GRIM, grim, _adj._ of forbidding aspect: ferocious: ghastly: sullen: stern, unyielding.--_adv._ GRIM'LY.--_n._ GRIM'NESS. [A.S. _grim_; Ger. _grimmig_--_grimm_, fury, Dut. _grimmig_, Ice. _grimmr_.]

GRIMACE, gri-m[=a]s', _n._ a distortion of the face, in jest, &c.: a smirk.--_v.i._ to make grimaces.--_adj._ GRIMACED', with a grimace: distorted. [Fr.; of uncertain origin, perh. from Ice. _gr['i]ma_, a mask.]

GRIMALKIN, gri-mal'kin, _n._ an old cat, a cat generally. [_Gray_, and _malkin_, a dim. of _Moll_=Mary.]

GRIME, gr[=i]m, _n._ ingrained dirt.--_v.t._ to soil deeply.--_adv._ GRIM'ILY.--_n._ GRIM'INESS.--_adjs._ GRIM'-LOOKED (_Shak._), having a grim or dismal aspect; GRIM'Y, foul, dirty. [From a Teut. root seen in Dan. _grim_, soot, Fris. _grime_, a dark spot on the face.]

GRIMM'S LAW. See LAW.

GRIN, grin, _v.i._ to set the teeth together and withdraw the lips: to smile with some accompanying distortion of the features, expressive of derision, stupid admiration, &c.--_v.t._ to express by grinning:--_pr.p._ grin'ning; _pa.p._ grinned.--_n._ act of grinning: a forced or sardonic smile.--_p.adj._ GRIN'NING, making grins. [A.S. _grennian_; Ice. _grenja_, Ger. _greinen_, Dut. _grijnen_, to grumble, Scot. _girn_; allied to Eng. _groan_, Fr. _grogner_.]

GRIN, grin, _n._ a snare or trap. [A.S. _gr['i]n_.]

GRIND, gr[=i]nd, _v.t._ to reduce to powder by friction: to wear down or sharpen by rubbing: to rub together: to oppress or harass: to set in motion by a crank.--_v.i._ to be moved or rubbed together: to drudge at any tedious task: to read hard:--_pr.p._ gr[=i]nd'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ ground.--_n._ hard or distasteful work: laborious study for a special examination, &c.--_ns._ GRIND'ER, he who, or that which, grinds: a double or jaw tooth that grinds food: a coach or crammer of students for examination: a hard student; GRIND'ERY, a place where knives, &c., are ground, or where they are sold: shoemakers' materials; GRIND'ING, act or process of reducing to powder.--_p.adj._ harassing.--_n._ GRIND'STONE, a circular revolving stone for grinding or sharpening tools.--KEEP ONE'S NOSE TO THE GRINDSTONE, to subject one to severe continuous toil or punishment.--TAKE A GRINDER (_Dickens_), to put the left thumb to the nose, and to work a visionary coffee-mill round it with the right--a gesture of contempt. [A.S. _grindan_.]

GRINGO, gring'g[=o], _n._ an Englishman or American among Spanish-speaking Americans. [Sp. 'gibberish,' prob. _Griego_, Greek.]

GRIP, grip, _n._ a small ditch or trench, a drain.--Also GRIPE. [M. E. _grip_, _grippe_; cf. Low Ger. _gruppe_.]

GRIP, grip, _n._ grasp or firm hold with the hand, &c.: the handle or part by which anything is grasped: a mode of grasping, a particular mode of grasping hands for mutual recognition, as by Freemasons: a clutching device connecting a car with a moving traction-cable: oppression: pinching distress.--_v.t._ to take fast hold of, to grasp or gripe:--_pr.p._ grip'ping; _pa.p._ gripped, gript.--_v.t._ GR[=I]PE, to grasp with the hand: to seize and hold fast: to squeeze: to give pain to the bowels.--_n._ fast hold, grasp: forcible retention: a griffin: a usurer: (_pl._) severe spasmodic pain in the intestines.--_n._ GR[=I]P'ER.--_p.adj._ GR[=I]P'ING, avaricious: of a pain that catches or seizes acutely.--_adv._ GR[=I]P'INGLY, in a griping or oppressive manner.--_ns._ GRIPPE, influenza or epidemic catarrh; GRIP'PER, one who, or that which, grips.--_adj._ GRIP'PLE (_Spens._), griping, grasping: greedy.--_n._ a gripe.--_n._ GRIP'-SACK, a hand-satchel.--LOSE ONE'S GRIP, to lose hold or control. [A.S. _gr['i]pan_, _grap_, _gripen_; Ice. _gr['i]pa_, Ger. _grei'fen_, Dut. _grijpen_; allied to grab.]

GRIQUA, grek'wa, _n._ one of a mixed race in South Africa, descended from Boer fathers and Hottentot or Bush women.

GRISAILLE, gr[=e]-z[=a]l', _n._ a style of decorative painting in grayish tints in imitation of bas-reliefs: a stained-glass window in this style. [Fr.,--_gris_, gray.]

GRIS-AMBER, gris'-am'b[.e]r, _n._ (_Milt._)--ambergris.

GRISE, GRIZE. See GREE (_2_).

GRISELDA, gris-el'da, _n._ a woman of exemplary gentleness and patience, from the name of the heroine of a tale retold by Boccaccio, Petrarch, and Chaucer (_Clerkes Tale_).

GRISEOUS, gris'[=e]-us, _adj._ bluish-gray.

GRISETTE, gri-zet', _n._ a gay young Frenchwoman of the lower class. [Fr. _grisette_, a gray gown, which used to be worn by that class--_gris_, gray.]

GRISKIN, gris'kin, _n._ (_prov._) the spine of a hog. [Obs. _gris_, _grice_, a pig--Ice. _griss_, a young pig.]

GRISLED, griz'ld. Same as GRIZZLED.

GRISLY, griz'li, _adj._ frightful: hideous.--_n._ GRIS'LINESS. [A.S. _grysl['i]c_, _['a]gr['i]san_, to dread; Ger. _gr[:a]sslich_.]

GRIST, grist, _n._ corn for grinding at one time: supply: profit.--_n._ GRIST'-MILL, a mill for grinding grain.--Bring grist to the mill, to be a source of profit. [A.S. _grist_, _gerst_, a grinding; from root of _grind_.]

GRISTLE, gris'l, _n._ a soft elastic substance in animal bodies--also called _Cartilage_.--_n._ GRIST'LINESS.--_adj._ GRIST'LY. [A.S. _gristle_--_grist_, grinding.]

GRIT, grit, _n._ the coarse part of meal: gravel: a kind of hard sandstone: firmness of character, spirit: (_pl._) oats coarsely ground, groats.--_ns._ GRIT'STONE; GRIT'TINESS.--_adj._ GRIT'TY, having hard particles: sandy: determined, plucky. [A.S. _gre['o]t_; Dut. _grut_, groats, Ger. _gries_, gravel.]

GRIT, grit, a Scotch form of _great_.

GRIZE. See GREE (2).

GRIZZLE, griz'l, _n._ a gray colour.--_adjs._ GRIZZ'LED, gray, or mixed with gray; GRIZZ'LY, of a gray colour.--_n._ the grizzly bear (_Ursus horribilis_) of the Rocky Mountains. [M. E. _grisel_--Fr. _gris_, gray--Mid. High Ger. _gr['i]s_, gray, Ger. _greis_.]

GROAN, gr[=o]n, _v.i._ to utter a moaning sound in distress: (_fig._) to be afflicted: to express disapprobation of a speaker by means of audible groans or similar sounds.--_n._ a deep moaning sound as of distress: a sound of disapprobation.--_adj._ GROAN'FUL (_Spens._), sad, agonising.--_n._ GROAN'ING, a deep moan as of pain: any low rumbling sound. [A.S. _gr['a]nian_.]

GROAT, grawt, or gr[=o]t, _n._ an English silver coin, worth fourpence--only coined after 1662 as Maundy money--the silver fourpenny-piece, coined from 1836-56, was not called a groat: a very small sum, proverbially. [Old Low Ger. _grote_, a coin of Bremen--orig. _grote sware_, 'great pennies,' as compared with the smaller copper coins, five to the groat.]