Part 11

ANTEPENDIUM, an-te-pend'i-um, _n._ a frontlet, forecloth, frontal, or covering for an altar, of silk, satin, or velvet, often richly embroidered. [L. _ante_, before, and _pend-[)e]re_, to hang.]

ANTEPENULT, an-te-pen'ult, _n._ the syllable before the penult or next ultimate syllable of a word: the last syllable of a word but two.--_adj._ ANTEPENULT'IMATE. [L. _ante_, before, and PENULT.]

ANTEPRANDIAL, an-te-prand'i-al, _adj._ before dinner. [L. _ante_, before, and _prandium_, dinner.]

ANTERIOR, an-t[=e]'ri-or, _adj._ before, in time or place: in front.--_ns._ ANTERIOR'ITY, ANT[=E]'RIORNESS.--_adv._ ANT[=E]'RIORLY. [L.; comp. of _ante_, before.]

ANTEROOM, an'te-r[=oo]m, _n._ a room before another: a room leading into a principal apartment. [L. _ante_, before, and ROOM.]

ANTEVENIENT, an-te-v[=e]'ni-ent, _adj._ coming before, preceding. [L. _antevenient-em_; _ante_, before, _ven-[=i]re_, to come.]

ANTHELION, ant-h[=e]l'yun, _n._ a luminous coloured ring observed by a spectator on a cloud or fog-bank over against the sun:--_pl._ ANTHEL'IA. [Gr. _anti_, opposite, _h[=e]lios_, the sun.]

ANTHELMINTIC, an-thel-mint'ik, _adj._ destroying or expelling worms. [Gr. _anti_, against, and _helmins_, _helminthos_, a worm.]

ANTHEM, an'them, _n._ a piece of sacred music sung in alternate parts: a piece of sacred music set to a passage from Scripture: any song of praise or gladness.--_v.t._ to praise in an anthem.--_adv._ AN'THEMWISE. [A.S. _antefn_--Gr. _antiph[=on]a_--_anti_, in return, _ph[=o]ne_, the voice. See ANTIPHON.]

[Illustration]

ANTHER, an'th[.e]r, _n._ the top of the stamen in a flower which contains the pollen or fertilising dust.--_adjs._ AN'THERAL; ANTHERIF'EROUS, bearing anthers; ANTH'EROID, resembling an anther. [L. _anthera_, which meant a medicine extracted from flowers, and consisting esp. of the internal organs of flowers--Gr. _anth[=e]ros_, flowery--_anthos_, a flower.]

ANTHERIDIUM, an-ther-id'i-um, _n._ the male reproductive organs of many cryptogams, as ferns, horse-tails, mosses, &c. [L. _anthera_, and _-idium_, Gr. dim. ending.]

ANTHEROZOOID, an-ther-o-z[=o]'oid, _n._ a minute moving body in the antheridia of cryptogams. [L. _anthera_, and _zooid_--Gr. _z[=oo]eid[=e]s_, like an animal--_z[=o]on_, animal, and _eidos_, shape.]

ANTHOCARPOUS, an-tho-k[:a]r'pus, _adj._ (_bot._) bearing fruit resulting from many flowers, as the pine-apple. [From Gr. _anthos_, a flower, _karpos_, fruit.]

ANTHOID, an'thoid, _adj._ flower-like. [Gr. _anthos_, a flower, and _-eid[=e]s_, like.]

ANTHOLITE, an'tho-l[=i]t, _n._ a flower turned into stone, a fossil flower. [Gr. _anthos_, a flower, _lithos_, stone.]

ANTHOLOGY, an-thol'oj-i, _n._ (_lit._) a gathering or collection of flowers: a collection of poems or choice literary extracts, esp. epigrams, orig. applied to the collections of Greek epigrams so called.--_adj._ ANTHOLOG'ICAL. [Gr. _anthos_, a flower, _legein_, to gather.]

ANTHOMANIA, an-th[=o]-m[=a]n'ya, _n._ a madness for flowers.----_n._ ANTHOM[=A]N'IAC. [Gr. _anthos_, and _mania_, madness.]

ANTHONY (ST), an'ton-i, the patron saint of swineherds: the smallest pig in a litter.--ANTHONY'S FIRE, a popular name for erysipelas.

ANTHOZOA, an'tho-z[=o]-a, _n.pl._ another name for Actinozoa, one of the three classes of Coelenterates, including sea-anemones, corals, &c. [Gr. _anthos_, a flower, _z[=o]a_, animals.]

ANTHRACENE, an-thra-s[=e]n', _n._ a hydrocarbon obtained as one of the last products in the distillation of coal-tar, of value as the source of artificial alizarin. [Gr. _anthrax_, coal, and _-ene_.]

ANTHRACITE, an'thras-[=i]t, _n._ a kind of coal that burns nearly without flame, smell, or smoke, consisting almost entirely of carbon, and not readily ignited.--_adjs._ ANTHRACIF'EROUS, yielding anthracite; ANTHRACIT'IC.--_n._ ANTHRACIT'ISM. [Gr. _anthrakit[=e]s_, coal-like--_anthrax_, coal.]

ANTHRAX, an'thraks, _n._ a widely distributed and very destructive disease, most common among sheep and cattle, the first infectious disease proved to be due to the presence of microscopic vegetable organisms (_bacilli_)--other names are _Splenic Apoplexy_, _Splenic Fever_, and as it occurs in man, _Malignant Pustule_ and _Woolsorter's Disease_: a carbuncle or malignant boil.--_adjs._ ANTHRA'CIC, AN'THRACOID. [L.--Gr. _anthrax_; coal, a carbuncle.]

ANTHROPICAL, an-throp'ik-al, _adj._ (_rare_) connected with human nature. [Gr. _anthropikos_, human, _anthr[=o]pos_, man.]

ANTHROPINISM, an-thr[=o]p'in-ism, _n._ the looking at things in their relation to man. [Gr. _anthropinos_, human (_anthr[=o]pos_), and _-ism_.]

ANTHROPOCENTRIC, an-thr[=o]-po-sent'rik, _adj._ centring all the universe in man. [Gr. _anthr[=o]pos_, man, and _kentron_, centre.]

ANTHROPOGRAPHY, an-thro-pog'ra-fi, _n._ that branch of anthropology which treats of the human race according to its geographical distribution. [Gr. _anthr[=o]pos_, man, _graphia_, description--_graphein_, to write.]

ANTHROPOID, an'throp-oid, _adj._ in the form of or resembling man.--_n._ the anthropoid ape, the highest and most man-like monkey.--_adj._ AN'THROPOIDAL. [Gr. _anthr[=o]pos_, man, _eidos_, form.]

ANTHROPOLATRY, an-thro-pol'a-tri, _n._ the giving of divine honours to a human being, a term always employed in reproach. It was used by the Apollinarians against the orthodox Christians of the 4th and 5th centuries, with reference to the doctrine of the perfect human nature of Christ. [Gr. _anthr[=o]pos_, man, _latreia_, worship.]

ANTHROPOLITE, an-throp'o-l[=i]t, _n._ human remains turned into stone, fossil human remains. [Gr. _anthr[=o]pos_, man, _lithos_, stone.]

ANTHROPOLOGY, an-throp-ol'oj-i, _n._ the science of man, more especially considered as a social animal: the natural history of man in its widest sense, treating of his relation to the brutes, his evolution, the different races, &c.--_adj._ ANTHROPOLOG'ICAL.--_adv._ ANTHROPOLOG'ICALLY.--_n._ ANTHROPOL'OGIST, one versed in anthropology. [Gr. _anthr[=o]pos_, man, and _logos_, discourse--_legein_, to say.]

ANTHROPOMETRY, an-thr[=o]-pom'et-ri, _n._ the measurement of the human body to discover its exact dimensions and the proportions of its parts, for comparison with its dimensions at different periods, or in different races and classes.--_adj._ ANTHROPOMET'RIC. [Gr. _anthr[=o]pos_, man, and _metrein_, to measure.]

ANTHROPOMORPHISM, an-throp-o-morf'izm, _n._ the representation of the Deity in the form of man or with bodily parts: the ascription to the Deity of human affections and passions.--_adj._ ANTHROPOMORPH'IC.--_v.t._ ANTHROPOMORPH'ISE, to regard as or render anthropomorphous.--_ns._ ANTHROPOMORPH'IST; ANTHROPOMORPH'ITE; ANTHROPOMORPH'ITISM. [Gr. _anthr[=o]pos_, man, _morph[=e]_, form.]

ANTHROPOMORPHOSIS, an-thr[=o]-po-morf-os'is, or -morf'os-is, _n._ transformation into human shape.--_adj._ ANTHROPOMORPH'OUS, formed like or resembling man. [Gr. _anthropomorph[=o]sis_--_anthr[=o]pos_, man, and a verb of action, formed from _morph[=e]_, shape.]

ANTHROPOPATHISM, an-thro-pop'a-thizm, _n._ the ascription to the Deity of human passions and affections--also ANTHROPOP'ATHY.--_adj._ ANTHROPOPATH'IC.--_adv._ ANTHROPOPATH'ICALLY. [Gr. _anthr[=o]pos_, man, _pathos_, suffering, passion.]

ANTHROPOPHAGY, an-thro-pof'aj-i, _n._ cannibalism.--_n.pl._ ANTHROPOPH'AGI, man-eaters, cannibals.--_ns._ ANTHROPOPHAGIN'IAN (_Shak._) a cannibal; ANTHROPOPH'AGITE.--_adj._ ANTHROPOPH'AGOUS. [Gr. _anthr[=o]pos_, man, _phag-ein_, to eat.]

ANTHROPOPHUISM, an-thr[=o]-pof'[=u]-izm, _n._ the ascription of a human nature to the gods. [Gr. _anthr[=o]pos_, man, and _phu[=e]_, nature, and _-ism_.]

ANTHROPOSOPHY, an-thr[=o]-pos'o-fi, _n._ the knowledge of the nature of men: human wisdom.--_n._ ANTHROPOS'OPHIST, one furnished with the wisdom of men. [Gr. _anthr[=o]pos_, man, and _sophia_, wisdom.]

ANTHROPOTOMY, an-thr[=o]-pot'om-i, _n._ anatomy of the human body. [Gr. _anthr[=o]pos_, man, and _temnein_, to cut.]

ANTI, ant'i, _pfx._ against, in opposition to, rivalling, simulating. It forms numerous derivatives, alike nouns and adjectives, as _antichrist_, _antipope_, _anticlimax_, _anti-tobacconist_; _anti-Ritualistic_, _anti-Semite_. [Gr. _anti_, against, instead of, &c.]

ANTIAR, an'ti-ar, _n._ the upas-tree (see UPAS). [Jav. _antjar_.]

ANTI-ATTRITION, an'ti-at-trish'on, _n._ anything which counteracts attrition or friction--also figuratively. [Pfx. ANTI- and ATTRITION.]

ANTIBILIOUS, an'ti-bil'yus, _adj._ of use against biliousness. [ANTI- and BILIOUS.]

ANTIBURGHER, an-ti-burg'[.e]r, _n._ that section of the Scottish Secession Church which parted from the main body (the _Burghers_) in 1747, holding it unlawful to take the oath administered to burgesses in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Perth, because of the reference to 'the true religion presently professed within this realm.' They read into it an allusion to the Church as by law established, while others interpreted it as signifying simply the Protestant religion. [ANTI- and BURGHER.]

ANTIC, ant'ik, _adj._ grotesque: odd: ridiculous in shape, dress, &c.--_n._ a fantastic or ancient figure, caricaturing or combining grotesquely animal or vegetable forms, or both together: (_Shak._) a grotesque pageant: a buffoon, clown, mountebank: a trick, mostly in _pl._--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to make grotesque.--_v.i._ AN'TICIZE (_Browning_), to play antics. [It. _antico_, equivalent to It. _grottesco_, and orig. used of the fantastic decorations composed of human and other forms found in the remains of ancient Rome--L. _antiquus_.]

ANTICATHOLIC, an-ti-kath'o-lik, _adj._ opposed to what is Catholic. [ANTI- and CATHOLIC.]

ANTICHLOR, an'ti-kl[=o]r, _n._ a substance used in the making of paper to free the pulp from the injurious after-effects of chlorine. [ANTI- and CHLOR-INE.]

ANTICHRIST, an'ti-kr[=i]st, _n._ the great opposer of Christ and Christianity: the name of a great enemy of Christ always expected to appear by the early Church, applied by some to the Pope and his power.--_adj._ ANTICHRISTIAN (-krist'-), relating to Antichrist: opposed to Christianity.--_n._ ANTICHRIST'IANISM.--_adv._ ANTICHRIST'IANLY. [Gr.; _anti_, against, and _Christ-os_.]

ANTICIPATE, an-tis'ip-[=a]t, _v.t._ to be beforehand with (another person or thing), to forestall or preoccupy: to take in hand, or consider, before the due time: to foresee: realise beforehand, or count upon as certain: to expect.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to accelerate: to occur earlier than.--_adj._ and _n._ ANTIC'IPANT, anticipating, anticipative.--_n._ ANTICIP[=A]'TION, act of anticipating: assignment to too early a time: foretaste: previous notion, or presentiment: expectation.--_adjs._ ANTI'CIP[=A]TIVE, ANTI'CIP[=A]TORY.--_advs._ ANTICIP[=A]'TIVELY, ANTICIP[=A]'TORILY (_rare_). [L. _anticip[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_[=a]nte_, before, _cap-[)e]re_, to take.]

ANTICIVIC, an-ti-siv'ik, _adj._ opposed to citizenship, esp. the conception of it engendered by the French Revolution.--_n._ ANTICIV'ISM.

ANTICLIMAX, an-ti-kl[=i]m'aks, _n._ the opposite of climax: a sentence in which the ideas become less important towards the close: also of any descent as against a previous rise--e.g. Waller's

'Under the Tropicks is our language spoke, And part of Flanders hath receiv'd our yoke.'

[Gr. _anti_, against, and CLIMAX.]

ANTICLINAL, an-ti-kl[=i]n'al, _adj._ sloping in opposite directions.--_n._ (_geol._) applied to strata which are inclined in opposite directions from a common axis--in a roof-like form. [Gr. _anti_, against, _klin-ein_, to lean.]

ANTICYCLONE, an-ti-s[=i]'kl[=o]n, _n._ name given to the rotatory flow of air from an atmospheric area of high pressure.--_adj._ ANTICYCLON'IC. [ANTI- and CYCLONE.]

ANTIDOTE, an'ti-d[=o]t, _n._ that which is given against anything that would produce bad effects: a counter-poison: (_fig._) anything that prevents evil (with _against_, _for_, _to_).--_adj._ AN'TIDOTAL. [Gr. _antidotos_--_anti_, against, _did[=o]mi_, to give.]

ANTIENT. See ANCIENT.

ANTIFEBRILE, an-ti-feb'r[=i]l, _adj._ efficacious against fever.--_n._ a substance with such properties.--Also ANTIFEBRIF'IC.

ANTI-FEDERAL, an-ti-fed'e-ral, _adj._ opposed to federalism; applied to the U.S. party whose fundamental principle was opposition to the strengthening of the national government at the expense of the States. Later names for the party were Republican, Democratic Republican, and Democratic alone.--_ns._ ANTI-FED'ERALISM; ANTI-FED'ERALIST.

ANTIFRICTION, an-ti-frik'shun, _n._ anything which prevents friction. [ANTI- and FRICTION.]

ANTI-GALLICAN, an-ti-gal'ik-an, _adj._ and _n._ opposed to what is French: or esp. opposed to the Gallican liberties of the French Church.--_n._ ANTI-GALL'ICANISM. [ANTI- and GALLICAN.]

ANTIGROPELOS, an-ti-gr[=o]p'el-os, _n._ waterproof leggings. [Said to be made up from Gr. _anti_, against, _hygros_, wet, and _p[=e]los_, mud. Prob. this barbarous word was orig. an advertisement.]

ANTIHELIX, an'ti-h[=e]-liks, _n._ the inner curved ridge of the pinna of the ear:--_pl._ ANTIH[=E]L'ICES.--Also AN'THELIX.

ANTI-JACOBIN, an'ti-jak'o-bin, _adj._ opposed to the Jacobins, a party in the French Revolution, hence an opponent of the French Revolution, or of democratic principles.--_n._ one opposed to the Jacobins: a weekly paper started in England in 1797 by Canning and others to refute the principles of the French Revolution.--_n._ AN'TI-JAC'OBINISM. [ANTI- and JACOBIN.]

ANTILEGOMENA, an-ti-leg-om'en-a, _n.pl._ a term applied to those books of the New Testament not at first accepted by the whole Christian Church, but ultimately admitted into the Canon--the seven books of 2 Peter, James, Jude, Hebrews, 2 and 3 John, and the Apocalypse.--The other books were called _Homologoumena_, 'agreed to.' [Gr., lit. 'spoken against.']

ANTILOGARITHM, an-ti-log'a-rithm, _n._ the complement of the logarithm of a sine, tangent, or secant. [ANTI- and LOGARITHM.]

ANTILOGY, an-til'o-ji, _n._ a contradiction. [Gr. _antilogia_, contradiction, _antilegein_, to contradict.]

ANTIMACASSAR, an-ti-mak-as'ar, _n._ a covering for sofas, cushions, &c., to protect them from grease, esp. in the hair, also for ornament. [ANTI- and MACASSAR.]

ANTIMASK, ANTIMASQUE, an'ti-mask, _n._ a ridiculous interlude dividing the parts of the more serious mask. [Gr. _anti_, against, and MASK.]

ANTIMETABOLE, an-ti-me-tab'ol-e, _n._ (_rhet._) a figure in which the same words or ideas are repeated in inverse order, as Quarles's 'Be wisely worldly, but not worldly wise.' [Gr.]

ANTIMETATHESIS, an'ti-me-tath'e-sis, _n._ inversion of the members of an antithesis, as in Crabbe's 'A poem is a speaking picture; a picture, a mute poem.' [Gr.]

ANTIMNEMONIC, an-ti-ne-mon'ik, _adj._ and _n._ tending to weaken the memory. [ANTI- and MNEMONIC.]

ANTIMONARCHICAL, an-ti-mon-ark'i-kal, _adj._ opposed to monarchy and monarchical principles.--_n._ ANTIMON'ARCHIST. [ANTI- and MONARCHICAL.]

ANTIMONY, an'ti-mun-i, _n._ a brittle, bluish-white metal of flaky, crystalline texture, much used in the arts and in medicine.--_adjs._ ANTIM[=O]N'IAL, ANTIMON'IC. [Through Fr. from Low L. _antimonium_, of unknown origin, prob. a corr. of some Arabic word.]

ANTI-NATIONAL, an-ti-nash'un-al, _adj._ hostile to one's nation.

ANTINEPHRITIC, an-ti-ne-frit'ik, _adj._ acting against diseases of the kidney. [Gr. _anti_, against, and NEPHRITIC.]

ANTINOMIANISM, an-ti-n[=o]m'i-an-izm, _n._ the belief that Christians are emancipated by the gospel from the obligation to keep the moral law--a monstrous abuse and perversion of the Pauline doctrine of justification by faith, esp. applied to the party of Johann Agricola in the German Reformation.--_n._ and _adj._ ANTINOM'IAN, against the law: pertaining to the Antinomians. [Gr. _anti_, against, _nomos_, a law.]

ANTINOMY, an'ti-nom-i, or an-tin'o-mi, _n._ a contradiction in a law: a conflict of authority: conclusions discrepant though apparently logical.--_adjs._ ANTIN[=O]'MIC, ANTIN[=O]'MICAL. [Gr. _anti_, against, _nomos_, a law.]

ANTINOUS, an-tin'[=o]-us, _n._ an ideal of youthful manly beauty, from the name of the favourite of the Roman emperor Hadrian so famous in ancient art.

ANTIOCHIAN, an-ti-[=o]'ki-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to the city of Antioch, or the eclectic system in philosophy of Antiochus of Ascalon.--_n._ ANTI[=O]'CHIANISM, a school of theology in the 4th and 5th centuries which spread over the whole Graeco-Syrian Church, and was a revolt against the allegorical interpretation of Scripture favoured by the Alexandrian school.

ANTIODONTALGIC, an-ti-[=o]-dont-alj'ik, _adj._ of use against toothache. [Gr. _anti_, against, _odous_, tooth, and _algein_, to suffer pain.]

ANTIPATHY, an-tip'ath-i, _n._ dislike: repugnance: opposition: the object of antipathy (with _against_, _to_, _between_ of persons).--_adjs._ ANTIPATHET'IC, -AL; ANTIPATH'IC, belonging to antipathy: opposite: contrary.--_n._ ANTIP'ATHIST, one possessed by an antipathy. [Gr. _anti_, against, _pathos_, feeling.]

ANTIPERIODIC, an-ti-p[=e]-ri-od'ik, _adj._ destroying the periodicity of diseases, such as ague, whose attacks recur at regular intervals: a drug with such an effect, esp. cinchona bark and its alkaloids (quinine), and arsenic.

ANTIPERISTALTIC, an-ti-per-i-stal'tik, _adj._ contrary to peristaltic motion: acting upwards. [ANTI- and PERISTALTIC.]

ANTIPERISTASIS, an-ti-per-ist'a-sis, _n._ opposition of circumstances: resistance exerted against any train of circumstances. [Gr.; _anti_, against, and _peristasis_, a circumstance--_peri_, around, and _hist[=e]mi_, make to stand.]

ANTIPHLOGISTIC, an-ti-floj-ist'ik, _adj._ of remedies acting against heat, or inflammation, as blood-letting, purgatives, low diet.--_n._ a medicine to allay inflammation. [ANTI- and PHLOGISTIC.]

ANTIPHON, an'tif-[=o]n, _n._ alternate chanting or singing: a species of sacred song, sung by two parties, each responding to the other--also ANTIPH'ONY.--_adj._ ANTIPH'ONAL, pertaining to antiphony.--_n._ a book of antiphons or anthems--also ANTIPH'ONARY and ANTIPH'ONER.--_adjs._ ANTIPHON'IC, ANTIPHON'ICAL, mutually responsive.--_adv._ ANTIPHON'ICALLY. [Gr.; _anti_, in return, and _ph[=o]n[=e]_, voice. A doublet of ANTHEM.]

ANTIPHRASIS, an-tif'ra-sis, _n._ (_rhet._) the use of words in a sense opposite to the true one.--_adjs._ ANTIPHRAS'TIC, -AL, involving antiphrasis: ironical.--_adv._ ANTIPHRAS'TICALLY. [Gr.; _anti_, against, _phrasis_, speech.]

ANTIPODES, an-tip'od-[=e]z, _n.pl._ those living on the other side of the globe, and whose feet are thus opposite to ours: the inhabitants of any two opposite points of the globe: places on the earth's surface exactly opposite each other, the region opposite one's own: the exact opposite of a person or thing:--_sing._ AN'TIPODE.--_adjs._ ANTIP'ODAL, ANTIPOD[=E]'AN.--AT ANTIPODES, in direct opposition. [Gr. _anti_, opposite to, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]

ANTIPOLE, an'ti-p[=o]l, _n._ the opposite pole: direct opposite. [ANTI- and POLE.]

ANTIPOPE, an'ti-p[=o]p, _n._ a pontiff elected in opposition to one canonically chosen, e.g. those who resided at Avignon in the 13th and 14th centuries. [Gr. _anti_, against, and POPE.]

ANTIPOPULAR, an-ti-pop'[=u]-lar, _adj._ adverse to the people or the popular cause. [ANTI- and POPULAR.]

ANTIPYRIN, an-ti-p[=i]'rin, _n._ a white crystalline powder, tasteless, colourless, and soluble in water, obtained from coal-tar products by a complex process, with valuable qualities as a febrifuge, but not as an antiperiodic.--_adj._ ANTIPYRET'IC.

ANTIQUARY, an'ti-kwar-i, _n._ one who studies or collects old things, esp. the monuments and relics of the past--but not very ancient things, and rather from curiosity than archaeological interest.--_adj._ (_Shak._) ancient.--_adj._ and _n._ ANTIQU[=A]R'IAN, connected with the study of antiquities, also one devoted to the study.--_n._ ANTIQU[=A]R'IANISM. [See ANTIQUE.]

ANTIQUE, an-t[=e]k', _adj._ ancient: of a good old age, olden (now generally rhetorical in a good sense): old-fashioned, after the manner of the ancients.--_n._ anything very old: ancient relics: an American name for a kind of type of thick and bold face in which the lines are of equal thickness--_Egyptian_ in England.--_v.t._ AN'TIQUATE, to make antique, old, or obsolete: to put out of use:--_pr.p._ an'tiqu[=a]ting; _pa.p._ an'tiqu[=a]ted.--_adj._ AN'TIQUATED, grown old, or out of fashion: obsolete: superannuated.--_n._ ANTIQU[=A]'TION, the making obsolete: abrogation: obsoleteness.--_adv._ ANTIQUE'LY.--_n._ ANTIQUE'NESS.--_adj._ ANTIQ'UISH, somewhat antique.--THE ANTIQUE, ancient work in art, the style of ancient art. [Fr.--L. _antiquus_, old, ancient--_ante_, before.]

ANTIQUITY, an-tik'wi-ti, _n._ ancient times, esp. the times of the ancient Greeks and Romans: great age: (_Shak._) old age, seniority: ancient style: the people of old time: (_pl._) manners, customs, relics of ancient times.--_n._ ANTIQUIT[=A]R'IAN, one attached to the practices and opinions of antiquity. [Fr.--L. _antiquitat-em_--_antiquus_, ancient.]

ANTIRRHINUM, an-tir-r[=i]'num, _n._ the genus of plants to which Snapdragon belongs. [Neo-Latin, from Gr. _anti_, opposite, and _ris_, _rinos_, nose; from its resemblance to a beast's mouth.]

ANTISCIAN, an-tish'i-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to people living on different sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon fall in opposite directions.--_n.pl._ ANTIS'CI[=I]. [Gr.; _anti_, opposite, _skia_, a shadow.]

ANTISCORBUTIC, an-ti-skor-b[=u]t'ik, _adj._ acting against scurvy.--_n._ a remedy for scurvy. [Gr. _anti_, against, and SCORBUTIC.]

ANTISCRIPTURAL, an-ti-skrip't[=u]r-al, _adj._ opposed to Holy Scripture. [ANTI- and SCRIPTURAL.]

ANTI-SEMITES, an'ti-sem'[=i]ts, _n.pl._ the modern opponents of the Jews in Russia, Roumania, Hungary, and Eastern Germany.--_adj._ ANTISEMIT'IC.

ANTISEPTIC, an-ti-sept'ik, _adj._ and _n._ counteracting putrefaction and analogous fermentive changes: preventing moral decay.--_adv._ ANTISEPT'ICALLY. [Gr. _anti_, against, and _s[=e]pein_, to rot.]

ANTISOCIAL, an-ti-s[=o]sh'al, _adj._ opposed to the principles and usages of society. [ANTI- and SOCIAL.]

ANTISPASMODIC, an-ti-spaz-mod'ik, _adj._ opposing spasms or convulsions.--_n._ a remedy for spasms or convulsions. [Gr. _anti_, against, and SPASMODIC.]

ANTISPAST, an'ti-spast, _n._ in metre, a foot composed of an iambus and a trochee.--_adj._ ANTISPAST'IC. [Gr. _antispastos_, _antispa-ein_, to draw into a contrary direction.]

ANTISTROPHE, an-tis'tr[=o]f-e, _n._ (_poet._) the returning movement from left to right in Greek choruses and dances, the movement of the strophe being from right to left: the stanza of a song alternating with the strophe: an inverse relation.--_adj._ ANTISTROPH'IC, pertaining to the antistrophe. [Gr.; _anti_, against, and _streph-ein_, to turn.]

ANTITHEISM, an-ti-th[=e]'izm, _n._ the doctrine which denies the existence of a God.--_n._ ANTITH[=E]'IST.--_adj._ ANTITHEIST'IC.

ANTITHESIS, an-tith'e-sis, _n._ a figure in which thoughts or words are set in contrast: a counter-thesis, counter-proposition: opposition: the contrast:--_pl._ ANTITH'ES[=E]S.--_n._ ANT'ITHET (_rare_), an instance of antithesis.--_adjs._ ANTITHET'IC, -AL.--_adv._ ANTITHET'ICALLY. [Gr.; _anti_, against, _tith[=e]mi_, to place.]

ANTITOXIN, an-ti-tok'sin, _n._ the name applied to substances present in the blood of an animal which neutralise the action of toxins or bacterial poisons.--_adj._ ANTITOX'IC.

ANTITRADE, an'ti-tr[=a]d, _n._ a wind that blows in the opposite direction to the trade-wind--that is, in the northern hemisphere from south-west, and in the southern hemisphere from north-west.

ANTITRINITARIAN, an-ti-trin-it-[=a]r'i-an, _n._ and _adj._ opposed to the doctrine of the Trinity.--_n._ ANTITRINITAR'IANISM.

ANTITYPE, an'ti-t[=i]p, _n._ that which corresponds to the type: that which is prefigured by the type, as Christ by the paschal lamb.--_adjs._ ANTITYP'AL, -TYP'ICAL.

ANTLER, ant'l[.e]r, _n._ a bony outgrowth from the frontal bones of deer--restricted to males, except in the reindeer: branch of a stag's horn.--_adj._ ANT'LERED. [O. Fr. _antoillier_--Late L. _ant(e)ocular-em_ (_ramum_), the branch of a stag's horn in front of the eyes.]

ANT-LION, ant'-l[=i]'on, _n._ the larva of an insect of the order Neuroptera, remarkable for the ingenuity of its insect-catching habits. [Trans. of Gr. _murm[=e]kole[=o]n_ in the Septuagint; _murm[=e]x_, ant, _le[=o]n_, lion.]

ANTONOMASIA, ant-on-om-[=a]z'i-a, _n._ a figure of speech which uses an epithet on the name of an office or attributive for a person's proper name, e.g. his lordship for an earl; and conversely, e.g. a Napoleon for a great conqueror. [Gr.; _anti_, instead, and _onomazein_, to name, _onoma_, a name.]

ANTONYM, ant'[=o]-nim, _n._ a word which is the opposite of another. [Gr. _anti_, against, _onoma_, a name.]

ANTRE, an't[.e]r, _n._ a cave or grotto. [Fr.; L. _antrum_, a cave.]

ANURA, a-n[=u]'ra, _n.pl._ tailless amphibia, as the frog and toad.--Also ANOU'RA. [Gr. _an-_, priv., _oura_, tail.]

ANUS, [=a]n'us, _n._ the lower orifice of the bowels. [L., for _as-nus_, 'sitting-part,' from root _as_, to sit.]

ANVIL, an'vil, _n._ an iron block on which smiths hammer metal into shape.--ON or UPON THE ANVIL, in preparation, under discussion. [A.S. _anfilte_, _on filte_; _on_, on, and a supposed _filtan_, to weld, appearing also in FELT.]

ANXIOUS, angk'shus, _adj._ uneasy regarding something doubtful: solicitous.--_n._ ANX[=I]'ETY, state of being anxious--_adv._ AN'XIOUSLY.--_n._ AN'XIOUSNESS. [L. _anxius_--_ang-[)e]re_, to press tightly. See ANGER, ANGUISH.]

ANY, en'ni, _adj._ one indefinitely: some: whoever. _n._ AN'YBODY, any single individual.--_adv._ ANYHOW, in any way whatever: in any case, at least.--_ns._ AN'YTHING, a thing indefinitely, as opposed to nothing: any whit, to any extent; ANYTHING[=A]'RIAN, one with no beliefs in particular; ANYTHING[=A]'RIANISM--_advs._ AN'YWAY, AN'YWAYS, in any manner: anyhow: in any case; AN'YWHERE, AN'YWHEN, in any place whatever, at any time; AN'YWISE, in any manner, to any degree.--ANY ONE, any single individual, anybody.--AT ANY RATE, whatever may happen, at all events.--IF ANYTHING, if in any degree. [A.S. _aenig_--_an_, one.]

AONIAN, [=a]-[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Aonia_ in Greece, or to the Muses supposed to dwell there.--AONIAN FOUNT, the fountain Aganippe, on a slope of Mount Helicon--the Aeonian mount.

AORIST, [=a]'or-ist, _n._ the name of certain tenses in the Greek verb expressing indefinite time.--_adj._ AORIST'IC. [Gr. _aoristos_, indefinite--_a_, neg., and _horistos_, _horizein_, _horos_, a limit.]

AORTA, [=a]-or'ta, _n._ the great arterial trunk which, rising from the left ventricle of the heart, sends its branches ramifying through the whole body--in man subdivided into the _arch_, the _thoracic aorta_, and the _abdominal aorta_.--_adjs._ AOR'TAL, AOR'TIC. [Gr. _aort[=e]_--_aeir-ein_, to raise up.]

APACE, a-p[=a]s', _adv._ at a quick pace: swiftly: fast: said of the flight of time generally. [Prep. _a_, and PACE.]

APAGOGIC, -AL, ap-a-goj'ik, -al, _adj._ proving indirectly by an _apagoge_ or reduction to an absurdity, the truth of the thesis being evinced through the falsehood of its opposite--opposed to _direct_ or _ostensive_ proof. [Gr. _apag[=o]g[=e]_, leading away, abduction, _apagein_, to lead off.]

APANAGE. See APPANAGE.

APART, a-p[:a]rt', _adv._ separately: aside: asunder, parted: separate: away from all employment: out of consideration, not considered for the moment (with _from_).--_n._ APART'NESS.--TO SET APART, to separate, consecrate. [Fr. _[`a] part_--L. _a parte_, from the part or side.]

APARTMENT, a-p[:a]rt'ment, _n._ a separate room in a house occupied by a

## particular person or party: (_arch._) a suite or set of such rooms--now in

this sense the _pl._: (_obs._) a compartment.--_adj._ APARTMENT'AL. [Fr. _appartement_, a suite of rooms forming a complete dwelling, through Low L., from L. _ad_, and _part[=i]re_, to divide--_pars_, a part.]

APATHY, ap'ath-i, _n._ want of feeling: absence of passion: indifference.--_adjs._ APATHET'IC, APATHET'ICAL (_rare_).--_adv._ APATHET'ICALLY. [Gr.; _a_, neg., _pathos_, feeling.]

APATITE, ap'a-t[=i]t, _n._ a phosphate of lime of great variety of colour. [Gr. _apat[=e]_, deceit, its form and colour being deceptive.]

APAY, a-p[=a]', _v.t._ (_arch._) to satisfy, content: (_obs._) to repay. [O. Fr. _apayer_, from L. _ad_, and _pac[=a]re_ _pac-em_, peace.]

APE, [=a]p, _n._ a monkey: a monkey without a tail or with a very short one: a simian proper, linking man and the lower animals, and hence termed _Anthropoid_--gorilla, chimpanzee, orang-outang, or gibbon: one who plays the ape, a silly imitator: (_Shak._) an imitator in a good or neutral sense.--_v.t._ to imitate as an ape.--_ns._ APE'DOM; APE'HOOD; AP'ERY, conduct of one who apes, any ape-like action: a colony of apes.--_adj._ AP'ISH, like an ape: imitative: foppish.--_adv._ AP'ISHLY.--_ns._ AP'ISHNESS, AP'ISM (_Carlyle_).--GOD'S APE, a born fool.--TO LEAD APES IN HELL, believed to be the lot of old maids there; TO MAKE ANY ONE HIS APE, TO PUT AN APE IN HIS HOOD (_obs._), to make a fool of any one. [A.S. _apa_; Ger. _affe_.]

APEAK, APEEK, a-p[=e]k', _adv._ (_naut._) vertical--the anchor is apeak when the cable is drawn so as to bring the ship's bow directly over it. [_a_, to, and PEAK.]

APELLES, a-pel'ez, _n._ any consummate artist, from the great Greek painter _Apelles_, under Alexander the Great.

APEPSY, a-pep'si, APEPSIA, a-pep'si-a, _n._ weakness of digestion. [Gr. _apepsia_, indigestion; _a_, priv., _peptein_, to digest.]

APERCU, a-per's[=oo], _n._ a summary exposition: a brief outline. [Fr. _apercu_, pa.p. of _apercevoir_, to perceive.]

APERIENT, a-p[=e]'-ri-ent, _adj._ opening: mildly purgative.--_n._ any laxative medicine. [L. _aperientem_, _aper[=i]re_, to open.]

APERT, a-pert', _adj._ (_arch._) open, public--opp. to _Privy_.--_n._ APERT'NESS. [L. _apert-um_, pa.p. of _aper[=i]re_, to open.]

APERTURE, a'p[.e]rt-[=u]r, _n._ an opening: the space through which light passes in an optical instrument: a hole. [L. _apertura_--_aper[=i]re_, to open.]

APETALOUS, a-pet'al-us, _adj._ (_bot._) without petals. [Gr. _a_, neg., and _petalon_, a petal.]