Part 33

BREVIARY, br[=e]v'i-ar-i, _n._ book containing the daily service of the R.C. Church. [Fr. _br['e]viaire_--L. _brevis_, short.]

BREVIATE, br[=e]'vi-[=a]t, _n._ a short compendium: a lawyer's brief. [L. _brevi[=a]tus_--_brevi[=a]re_, to shorten--_brevis_, short.]

BREVIER, brev-[=e]r', _n._ a small type between bourgeois and minion, originally used in printing breviaries.

BREVITY, brev'it-i, _n._ shortness: conciseness. [L. _brevitas_--_brevis_, short.]

BREW, br[=oo], _v.t._ to prepare a liquor, as from malt and other materials: to contrive or plot.--_v.i._ to perform the operation of brewing ale or beer: to be gathering or forming.--_ns._ BREW'AGE, something brewed: mixed liquor; BREW'ER, one who brews; BREW'ERY, BREW'-HOUSE, a place for brewing; BREW'ING, the act of making liquor from malt: the quantity brewed at once; BREW'STER (now only _Scot._), a brewer. [A.S. _br['e]owan_; cf. Ger. _brauen_.]

BRIAR. Same as BRIER (1).

BRIAREAN, br[=i]-[=a]'re-an, _adj._ relating to _Briareus_, a hundred-handed giant: hence many-handed. [Gr.--_briaros_, strong.]

BRIAR-ROOT. See BRIER (2).

BRIBE, br[=i]b, _n._ something given to influence unduly the judgment or corrupt the conduct: allurement.--_v.t._ to influence by a bribe: to gain over.--_v.i._ to practise bribery.--_ns._ BRIB'ER, one who bribes; BRIB'ERY, the act of giving or taking bribes; BRIB'ERY-OATH, an oath taken by an elector that he has not been bribed. [O. Fr. _bribe_, a lump of bread; origin dub.]

BRIC-[`A]-BRAC, brik'a-brak, _n._ old curiosities, or other articles of value. [Acc. to Littr['e], formed after the phrase _de bric et de broc_, 'by hook and by crook.']

BRICK, brik, _n._ an oblong or square piece of burned clay: a loaf of bread in the shape of a brick: (_slang_) a reliable friend, a good fellow.--_v.t._ to lay or pave with brick.--_ns._ BRICK'BAT, a piece of brick; BRICK'CLAY, a clay used in making bricks; BRICK'-DUST, dust made by pounding bricks, a colour like that of brick-dust; BRICK'-EARTH, earth used in making bricks; BRICK'-FIELD, a place where bricks are made; BRICK'-KILN, a kiln in which bricks are burned; BRICK'LAYER, one who lays or builds with bricks; BRICK'LAYING; BRICK'MAKER, one whose trade is to make bricks; BRICK'-TEA, tea pressed into cakes; BRICK'-WORK, a structure formed of bricks.--LIKE A BRICK, with good-will. [Fr. _brique_, from root of BREAK.]

BRICKLE, brik'l, _adj._ (_Spens._ and _Scot._) apt to break: weak: troublesome. [Older form of BRITTLE.]

BRICOLE, brik'el, or brik-[=o]l', _n._ an ancient engine for throwing stones: the rebound of a ball from the wall of a tennis-court, an indirect stroke. [Fr.--Low L. _briccola_.]

BRIDAL, br[=i]d'al, _n._ a marriage feast: a wedding.--_adj._ belonging to a bride or a wedding: nuptial. [BRIDE, and ALE, a feast.]

BRIDE, br[=i]d, _n._ a woman about to be married: a woman newly married.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to act the bride.--_ns._ BRIDE'-ALE (_obs._)--BRIDAL, the ale-drinking at a marriage feast; BRIDE'-BED, the marriage bed; BRIDE'CAKE, the bride's cake, or cake distributed at a wedding; BRIDE'-CHAM'BER, a nuptial apartment; BRIDE'GROOM, a man about to be married: a man newly married; BRIDE'MAID, BRIDE'S'-MAID, BRIDE'MAN, BRIDE'S'-MAN, young unmarried people who attend the bride and bridegroom at a wedding. [A.S. _br['y]d_; Ice. _br['u]dr_, Ger. _braut_, a bride.]

BRIDEWELL, br[=i]d'wel, _n._ a house of correction: a gaol. [From a palace near St _Bride's Well_ in London.]

BRIDGE, brij, _n._ a structure raised across a river, &c., or anything like such: the narrow raised platform whence the captain of a steamer gives directions: a thin upright piece of wood supporting the strings in a violin or similar instrument.--_v.t._ to build a bridge over.--_n._ BRIDGE'-HEAD, a fortification covering the end of a bridge nearest to the enemy's position.--_adj._ BRIDGE'LESS, without a bridge.--_n._ BRIDGE'-OF-BOATS, a bridge resting on boats moored abreast across a piece of water. [A.S. _brycg_; Ger. _brucke_, Ice. _bryggja_.]

BRIDGE, brich, _n._ a modification of whist in which the dealer does not turn up the last card, but has the option (which he may pass to his partner) of declaring which suit shall be trumps.

BRIDLE, br[=i]'-dl, _n._ the apparatus on a horse's head, by which it is controlled: any curb or restraint: a gesture expressing pride or vanity.--_v.t._ to put on or manage by a bridle: to check or restrain.--_v.i._ to hold up the head proudly or affectedly.--_ns._ BR[=I]'DLE-HAND, the hand which holds the bridle in riding--the left hand; BR[=I]'DLE-PATH, a path or way for horsemen; BR[=I]'DLER, one who governs or restrains as by a bridle; BRI'DLE-REIN, the strap of a bridle.--TO BRIDLE UP (at something), to take something amiss. [A.S. _br['i]del_; Old High Ger. _brittel_.]

BRIDOON, brid'[=oo]n, _n._ the light snaffle usual in a military bridle, in addition to the ordinary bit, controlled by a separate rein. [Fr. _bridon_, _bride_, a bridle.]

BRIEF, br[=e]f, _n._ a short account of a client's case for the instruction of counsel: a writ: a short statement of any kind.--_adj._ short: concise.--_adj._ BRIEF'LESS.--_adv._ BRIEF'LY.--_n._ BRIEF'NESS.--IN BRIEF, in few words.--KING'S BRIEFS, royal mandates ordering collections to be made in chapels for building churches, &c.; PAPAL BRIEF, such documents as are issued without some of the solemnities proper to bulls.--THE BRIEF AND THE LONG (_Shak._), the short and the long.--TO BE BRIEF, to speak in a few words; TO HOLD A BRIEF, to be retained as counsel in a case; TO TAKE A BRIEF, to undertake a case. [Fr. _bref_--L. _brevis_, short.]

BRIER, br[=i]'er, _n._ a prickly shrub: a common name for the wild rose: (_Scot._) the thorn of the brier--also BR[=I]'AR.--_adjs._ BR[=I]'ERY, BR[=I]'ERED, having briers. [A.S. _br['e]r_.]

BRIER, BRIAR, br[=i]'[.e]r, _n._ the white heath, a shrub grown in France, from the root of which tobacco-pipes are made: a pipe of this wood. [Fr. _bruy[`e]re_, heath.]

[Illustration]

BRIG, brig, _n._ a two-masted, square-rigged vessel. [Shortened from Brigantine.]

BRIGADE, brig-[=a]d', _n._ a body of troops consisting of two or more regiments of infantry or cavalry, and commanded by a general officer, two or more of which form a division: a band of people more or less organised.--_v.t._ to form into brigades.--_ns._ BRIGADE'-M[=A]'JOR, a staff-officer attached to a brigade; BRIGADIER', BRIGADIER'-GEN'ERAL, a general officer of the lowest grade, who has command of a brigade. [Fr. _brigade_--It. _brigata_--Low L. _briga_, strife.]

BRIGAND, brig'and, _n._ a robber or freebooter.--_ns._ BRIG'ANDAGE, freebooting: plundering; BRIG'ANDINE, BRIG'ANTINE, a coat-of-mail, composed of linen or leather, with steel rings or plates sewed upon it. [Fr.--It. _brigante_--_briga_, strife.]

BRIGANTINE, brig'an-t[=i]n, _n._ a two-masted vessel, with the mainmast of a schooner and the foremast of a brig. [Fr. _brigantin_--It. _brigantine_, a pirate ship.]

BRIGHT, br[=i]t, _adj._ shining: full of light: clear: beautiful: cheerful: clever: illustrious.--_adv._ (_Shak._) brightly: clearly.--_v.t._ BRIGHT'EN, to make bright or brighter.--_v.i._ to grow bright or brighter: to clear up.--_adv._ BRIGHT'LY.--_n._ BRIGHT'NESS.--_adj._ BRIGHT'SOME, bright: brilliant. [A.S. _beorht_; cog. with Goth. _bairhts_, clear, L. _flagr_-_[=a]re_, to flame.]

BRIGHT'S-DISEASE, br[=i]ts'-diz-[=e]z', _n._ a generic name for a group of diseases of the kidneys, which may be defined as comprising cases where structural changes in the kidneys, usually inflammatory, but without suppuration, lead to the presence of albumen in the urine. [From Dr Richard _Bright_ (1789-1858).]

BRIGUE, brig, _v.i._ to intrigue.--_n._ strife, intrigue.--_n._ BRIGU'ING, canvassing. [Fr. _brigue_; derivation uncertain.]

BRILL, bril, _n._ a fish of the same kind as the turbot, spotted with white. [Ety. unknown.]

[Illustration]

BRILLIANT, bril'yant, _adj._ sparkling: glittering: splendid.--_n._ a diamond of the finest cut (as opposed to _rose-cut_ or other patterns).--_ns._ BRILL'IANCY, BRILL'IANCE.--_adv._ BRILL'IANTLY.--_n._ BRILL'IANTNESS.[Fr. _brillant_, pr.p. of _briller_, to shine, which, like Ger. _brille_, an eyeglass, is from Low L. _beryllus_, a beryl.]

BRIM, brim, _n._ the margin or brink of a river or lake: the upper edge of a vessel: the rim of a hat.--_v.t._ to fill to the brim.--_v.i._ to be full to the brim:--_pr.p._ brim'ming; _pa.p._ brimmed.--_adj._ BRIM'FUL, full to the brim.--_n._ BRIM'FULNESS (_Shak._), fullness to the top.--_adjs._ BRIM'LESS, without a brim; BRIMMED, brimful: having a brim--used in composition.--_n._ BRIM'MER, a bowl full to the brim or top.--_adj._ BRIM'MING. [M. E. _brymme_--_bremman_, to roar.]

BRIMSTONE, brim'st[=o]n, _n._ sulphur: (_fig._) a virago.--FIRE AND BRIMSTONE! an ejaculation. [Lit. burning stone; from A.S. _br['y]ne_, a burning--_byrnan_, to burn, and STONE; cf. Ger. _bernstein_.]

BRINDED, brin'ded, BRINDLED, brin'dld, _adj._ marked with spots or streaks.--_n._ BRIN'DLE, state of being brindled. [See BRAND.]

BRINE, br[=i]n, _n._ salt water: the sea.--_ns._ BRINE'-PIT, a pit or pan in which brine is evaporated, so as to form salt: a salt spring; BRINE'-SHRIMP, a small crustacean.--_adjs._ BRIN'ISH, like brine: somewhat salt; BRIN'Y, pertaining to brine or to the sea: salt.--THE BRINY (_slang_), the sea. [A.S. _br['y]ne_, a burning; applied to salt liquor, from its burning, biting quality.]

BRING, bring, _v.t._ to fetch: to carry: to procure: to occasion: to draw or lead:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ brought (brawt).--BRING ABOUT, to bring to pass, effect; BRING DOWN, to humble; BRING FORTH, to give birth to, produce; BRING HOME, to prove, to impress; BRING IN, to introduce; BRING OFF, to bring away, as by a boat from a ship, to rescue; BRING ON, to cause to advance; BRING OUT, to express: to produce before the public, as a book, a play, a subscription: to introduce a young woman formally into so-called society; BRING OVER, to convert; BRING ROUND, to restore from illness; BRING TO, to check the course of, as a ship, by trimming the sails so as to counteract each other; BRING UNDER, to subdue; BRING UP, to rear or educate. [A.S. _bringan_, to carry, to bring; allied perh. to BEAR.]

BRINJARRY, brin-zhar'i, _n._ a travelling dealer in grain and salt in Southern India. [Hind. _b[=a]nj[=a]ra_.]

BRINK, bringk, _n._ the edge or border of a steep place or of a river: (_fig._) the very verge of time, at the very point of something--e.g. TO BE ON THE BRINK OF DEATH. [Dan. _brink_, declivity; Ice. _bringa_, a hillock.]

BRIO, br[=i]'o, _n._ liveliness, vivacity. [It. _brio_.]

BRIOCHE, bri-osh', _n._ a sponge-cake. [Fr.]

BRIONY. Same as BRYONY.

BRIQUETTE, bri-ket', _n._ a brick-shaped block of coal formed from coal-dust. [Fr. _briquette_, dim. of _brique_, a BRICK.]

BRISK, brisk, _adj._ full of life and spirit: active: sharp: effervescing, as liquors.--_v.t._ to enliven, freshen.--_v.i._ to cheer up.--_adjs._ BRISK'ISH, BRISK'Y, (_Shak._).--_adv._ BRISK'LY.--_n._ BRISK'NESS. [Dr Murray notes that the word is first found in the end of the 16th century; prob. W. _brysg_, swift of foot; cf. Gael. _brisg_, Ir. _briosg_.]

BRISKET, brisk'et, _n._ the breast of an animal: the part of the breast next to the ribs. [Fr. _brechet_, _brichet_.]

BRISTLE, bris'l, _n._ a short, stiff hair, as of swine.--_v.i._ to stand erect, as bristles.--_v.t._ to cover, as with bristles: to make bristly:--_pr.p._ bris'tling; _pa.p._ brist'led.--_adj._ BRISTLED (bris'ld), furnished with bristles.--_n._ BRIST'LINESS.--_adj._ BRIST'LY, set with bristles: rough.--TO SET UP ONE'S BRISTLES, to show temper. [A.S. _byrst_; Scot. _birse_; cog. with Ger. _borste_, Ice. _burst_.]

BRISTOL-BOARD, bris'tul-b[=o]rd, _n._ a smooth pasteboard.--_ns._ BRIS'TOL-BRICK, an earthy material for scouring cutlery, like bath-brick; BRIS'TOL-D[=I]'AMOND, a kind of crystal found near Bristol. [From the town of _Bristol_, in England.]

BRISURE, bri-zh[=u]r', _n._ (_fort._) any part of a rampart or parapet which breaks off at an angle from the general direction: (_her._) a variation of a coat-of-arms, showing the relation of a younger to the main line. [Fr.--_briser_, to break.]

BRITANNIA-METAL, brit-an'i-a-met'l, _n._ a metallic alloy largely used in the manufacture of spoons, &c.

BRITANNIC, brit-an'ik, _adj._ pertaining to _Britannia_ or Great Britain: British.--_adj._ BRITISH, in ethnography, Old Celtic as opposed to Anglo-Saxon: pertaining to Great Britain or its people--_ns._ BRIT'ISHER, a British subject (Amer.); BRIT'ON, a native of Britain.

BRITTLE, brit'l, _adj._ apt to break: easily broken: frail.--_ns._ BRITT'LENESS; BRITT'LE-STARS, or _Sand-stars_, one of the classes of Echinodermata, including forms not far removed from starfishes. [A.S. _br['e]otan_, to break.]

BRITZKA, BRITZSKA, brits'ka, _n._ an open four-wheeled carriage with shutters to close at pleasure, and only one seat.--Also BRITSCHKA, BRITSKA. [Polish _bryczka_, dim. of _bryka_, a wagon.]

BROACH, br[=o]ch, _n._ a tapering, pointed instrument, used chiefly for boring: a spit: a church spire.--_v.t._ to pierce as a cask, to tap: to open up or begin: to utter.--_n._ BROACH'ER, a broach or spit: one who broaches or utters.--TO BROACH THE ADMIRAL, to steal some liquor from a cask while being carried by rail or otherwise, or when in store; TO BROACH TO, to turn a ship to windward. [Fr. _brocher_, to pierce, _broche_, an iron pin--L. _brocchus_, a projecting tooth.]

BROAD, brawd, _adj._ wide: large, free or open: outspoken: coarse, indelicate: of pronunciation, e.g. a broad accent.--_advs._ BROAD, BROAD'LY.--_ns._ BROAD'-AR'ROW, a mark, thus ([Broad arrow]), stamped on materials belonging to Government; BROAD'-BRIM, a hat with a broad brim, such as those worn by Quakers: (_coll._) a Quaker.--_adj._ BROAD'CAST, scattered or sown abroad by the hand: dispersed widely.--_adv._ by throwing at large from the hand, only in phrases, as, 'to scatter broadcast,' &c.--_v.t._ to scatter freely.--_n._ BROAD'CLOTH, a fine kind of woollen fulled cloth, used for men's garments.--_v.t._ BROAD'EN, to make broad or broader.--_v.i._ to grow broad or extend in breadth.--_adj._ BROAD'-EYED (_Shak._), having a wide or extended survey.--_ns._ BROAD'-GAUGE (see GAUGE); BROAD'NESS.--_n.pl._ BROADS, lake-like expansions of rivers.--_ns._ BROAD'SIDE, the side of a ship: all the guns on one side of a ship of war, or their simultaneous discharge: a sheet of paper printed on one side, otherwise named BROAD'SHEET; BROAD'SWORD, a cutting sword with a broad blade: a man armed with such a sword.--BROAD CHURCH, a party within the Church of England which advocates a broad and liberal interpretation of dogmatic definitions and creed subscription--the name was first used in 1833 by W. J. Conybeare. [A.S. _br['a]d_, Goth. _braids_.]

BROBDINGNAGIAN, brob-ding-n[=a]'ji-an, _n._ an inhabitant of the fabulous region of _Brobdingnag_ in _Gulliver's Travels_, the people of which were of great stature--hence a gigantic person.--_adj._ gigantic.--_adj._ BROBDINGNAG', immense.

BROCADE, brok-[=a]d', _n._ a silk stuff on which figures are wrought.--_adj._ BROCAD'ED, woven or worked in the manner of brocade: dressed in brocade. [It. _broccato_, Fr. _brocart_, from It. _broccare_, Fr. _brocher_, to prick, stitch; from root of BROACH.]

BROCAGE, br[=o]k'[=a]j, _n._ Obsolete spelling of BROKAGE (q.v. under BROKER).

BROCARD, brok'[:a]rd, _n._ an elementary law or principle: a canon: (_Fr._) a gibe. [Fr. _brocard_, Low L. _brocarda_, from _Brocard_ or Burchard, Bishop of Worms, who published a book of ecclesiastical rules.]

BROCCOLI, brok'o-li, _n._ a cultivated kind of cabbage resembling cauliflower, of which it is originally a hardy variety. [It.; _pl._ of _broccolo_, a sprout, dim. of _brocco_, a skewer, a shoot.]

BROCH, broh, _n._ the local name applied in the north of Scotland to the ancient dry-built circular castles, known also to the Gaelic-speaking people as _duns_, and to antiquaries as _Pictish towers_.--Also BROGH and BROUGH. [Old Norse _borg_; A.S. _burh_.]

BROCH, br[=o]ch, obsolete spelling of BROACH.

BROCHURE, bro-sh[=oo]r', _n._ a pamphlet. [Lit. a small book stitched, Fr.--_brocher_, to stitch--_broche_, a needle. See BROACH.]

BROCK, brok, _n._ a badger--hence, from the smell, a dirty, stinking fellow.--_adj._ BROCKED (_Scot._), variegated, having a mixture of black and white. [From the Celt., as in Gael. _broc_, a badger, which is from Gael. _breac_, speckled.]

BRODE, br[=o]d, _adv._ (_Spens._). Same as ABROAD.

BRODEKIN, BRODKIN, br[=o]d'kin, _n._ a buskin. [Fr. _brodequin_.]

BROG, brog, _n._ a pointed steel instrument used for piercing holes: (_Scot._) an awl.--_v.t._ to prick. [Ety. dub.; the Gael. _brog_; an awl, is prob. borrowed.]

BROGUE, br[=o]g, _n._ a stout coarse shoe: a dialect or manner of pronunciation, esp. the Irish. [Ir. and Gael. _brog_, a shoe.]

BROIDER, broid'[.e]r, BROIDERY, broid'[.e]r-i. Same as EMBROIDER, EMBROIDERY.--BROIDERED (_B._) = _Embroidered_.

BROIL, broil, _n._ a noisy quarrel: a confused disturbance--(_Scot._) BRUL'YIE, BRUL'ZIE.--_n._ BROIL'ER, one who stirs up broils. [Fr. _brouiller_, to trouble.]

BROIL, broil, _v.t._ to cook over hot coals: to grill.--_v.i._ to be greatly heated. [Ety. dub.]

BROKE, br[=o]k, _pa.t._ and old _pa.p._ of BREAK.--_p.adj._ BROK'EN, rent asunder: infirm: humbled or crushed: dispersed, routed: altered in direction: shattered in estate or position: incomplete, fragmentary: uncertain.--_adjs._ BROK'EN-BACKED, having the back broken, applied to a ship so loosened in her frame as to droop at both ends; BROK'EN-DOWN, decayed, ruined in character or strength; BROK'EN-HEART'ED, crushed with grief: greatly depressed in spirit.--_adv._ BROK'ENLY.--_ns._ BROK'EN-MAN, one under outlawry, esp. in the Highlands and Border country; BROK'EN-MEAT, the leavings of a banquet; BROK'ENNESS.--_adj._ BROK'EN-WIND'ED, having short breath or disordered respiration, as a horse.

BROKER, br[=o]k'[.e]r, _n._ one employed to buy and sell for others: a second-hand dealer: a pander: a commissioner.--_v.i._ BROKE, to bargain, negotiate: (_Shak._) to act as a pander or go-between:--_pr.p._ br[=o]k'ing; _pa.p._ br[=o]ked.--_ns._ BROK'ERAGE, BROK'AGE, the business of a broker: the commission charged by a broker: a commission charged for transacting business for others; BROK'ERY, the business of a broker.--_p.adj._ BROK'ING, doing business as a broker: practised by brokers. [M. E. _brocour_--A.S. _brucan_; Ger. _brauchen_, to use, to profit.]

BROMATE. See BROMINE.

BROME-GRASS, br[=o]m'-gras, _n._ a kind of grass bearing a strong resemblance to oats. [Gr. _br[=o]mos_, and _bromos_, grass.]

BROMINE, br[=o]m'in, _n._ one of the elements, closely allied to chlorine, so called from its disagreeable smell.--_adj._ BROM'IC, pertaining to bromine.--_ns._ BROM'ATE, a combination of bromic acid with a salifiable base; BROM'IDE, a combination of bromine with a base.--BROMIC ACID, an acid composed of bromine and oxygen. [Gr. _br[=o]mos_, a disagreeable odour.]

BRONCHIAE, brongk'i-[=e], _n.pl._ a name given to the ramifications of the windpipe which carry air into the lungs.--_adjs._ BRONCH'IC, BRONCH'IAL.--_n._ BRONCH[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the bronchiae. [L.--Gr. _bronchia_, the bronchial tubes.]

BRONCHO, BRONCO, brong'ko, _n._ (_U.S._) a half-tamed horse. [Sp. _bronco_, rough, sturdy.]

BROND. Same as BRAND.

BRONZE, bronz, _n._ an alloy of copper and tin used in various ways since the most ancient times: anything cast in bronze: the colour of bronze: (_fig._) impudence.--_adj._ made of bronze: coloured like bronze.--_v.t._ to give the appearance of bronze to: (_fig._) to harden.--_adj._ BRONZED, coated with bronze: hardened.--_ns._ BRONZE'-STEEL, or _Steel-bronze_, a specially hardened bronze; BRONZE'-WING, BRONZE'-PI'GEON, a species of Australian pigeon having wings marked with a lustrous bronze colour.--_v.t._ BRONZ'IFY, to make into bronze.--_ns._ BRONZ'ING, the process of giving the appearance of bronze; BRONZ'ITE, a lustrous kind of diallage.--_adj._ BRONZ'Y, having the appearance of bronze.--BRONZE AGE or PERIOD, a term in prehistoric archaeology denoting the condition or stage of culture of a people using bronze as the material for cutting implements and weapons--as a stage of culture coming between the use of stone and the use of iron for those purposes--not an absolute division of time, but a relative condition of culture. [Fr.--It. _bronzo_--L. _Brundusium_, the modern _Brindisi_.]

BROO, br[=oo] (mod. Scot.--vowel sounded like Ger. _[:u]_), _n._ (_Scot._) broth. [Ety. dub.: prob. O. Fr. _bro_, _breu_, broth; prob conn. with BREE.]

BROOCH, br[=o]ch, _n._ an ornamental pin or instrument for fastening any article of dress, consisting for the most part either of a ring or disc, or of a semicircle, there being a pin in either case passing across it, fastened at one end with a joint or loop, and at the other with a hook.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to adorn as with a brooch. [Fr. _broche_, a spit. See BROACH.]

BROOD, br[=oo]d, _v.t._ to sit upon or cover in order to breed or hatch: to hatch: to cover, as with wings: to mature or foster with care: to meditate moodily upon.--_v.i._ to sit as a hen on eggs: to hover over: to think anxiously for some time: to meditate silently (with _on_, _over_): to be bred.--_n._ something bred: offspring, children, or family: a race, kind: parentage: the number hatched at once.--_adj._ for breeding, as in _brood_-mare, &c.--_adv._ BROOD'INGLY.--_adj._ BROOD'Y, inclined to sit or incubate. [A.S. _br['o]d_; Dut. _broed_; what is hatched.]

BROOK, br[=oo]k, _n._ a small stream.--_ns._ BROOK'LET, a little brook; BROOK'LIME, a species of speedwell found in ditches. [A.S. _br['o]c_, water breaking forth; Dut. _broek_, Ger. _bruch_.]

BROOK, br[=oo]k, _v.t._ to enjoy: to bear or endure. [A.S. _b['u]rcan_, to use, enjoy; Ger. _brauchen_, L. _frui_, _fructus_.]

BROOL, br[=oo]l, _n._ a deep murmur. [Ger. _br[:u]ll_, a roar.]

BROOM, br[=oo]m, _n._ a name given to a number of species of shrubs of the closely allied genera Cytisus, Genista, and Spartium: a besom made of its twigs.--_v.t._ to sweep with a broom.--_ns._ BROOM'-CORN, a species of plant resembling maize, cultivated for its seed and its spikes, of which brooms are made; BROOM'-RAPE, a parasitic plant found adhering to the root of broom, clover, &c.; BROOM'STAFF, BROOM'STICK, the staff or handle of a broom.--_adj._ BROOM'Y, abounding in or consisting of broom.--TO MARRY OVER THE BROOMSTICK, or TO JUMP THE BESOM, to go through an irregular form of marriage, in which both jump over a broomstick. [A.S. _br['o]m_; Ger. _bram_.]

BROOSE, br[:u]z, _n._ (_Scot._) a race at weddings in Scotland. [Derivation unknown.]

BROSE, br[=o]z, _n._ a simple and nutritious food, made by pouring boiling water or milk on oatmeal, seasoned with salt and butter.--ATHOLE BROSE, a mixture of whisky and honey. [Scot.; O. Fr. _broez_.]

BROTH, broth, _n._ an infusion or decoction of vegetable and animal substances in water.--A BROTH OF A BOY (_Irish_), a first-rate fellow. [A.S. _broth_--_br['e]owan_, to brew. See BREW.]

BROTHEL, broth'el, _n._ a house of ill-fame. [M. E. _brothel_--A. S. _brodh-en_, ruined, _br['e]dhen_, to go to ruin.]

BROTHER, bruth'[.e]r, _n._ a male born of the same parents: any one closely united with or resembling another; associated in common interests, occupation, &c.: a fellow-member of a religious order, a fellow-member of a guild, &c.: a fellow-creature, fellow-citizen, a co-religionist: (_B._) a kinsman: _pl._ BROTH'ERS and BRETH'REN, the latter esp. used in the sense of fellow-membership of guilds, religious communities, &c., and is a name given to certain sections of the Church of Christ, as Christian Brethren, Moravian Brethren, Plymouth Brethren, &c.--_ns._ BROTH'ER-GER'MAN, a brother having the same father and mother, in contradistinction to a _half-brother_, by one parent only; BROTH'ERHOOD, the state of being a brother: an association of men for any purpose; BROTH'ER-IN-LAW, the brother of a husband or wife: a sister's husband.--_adjs._ BROTH'ER-LIKE, BROTH'ERLY, like a brother: kind: affectionate.--_n._ BROTH'ERLINESS, state of being brotherly: kindness. [A.S. _brodhor_; cog. with Ger. _bruder_, Gael. _brathair_, Fr. _fr[`e]re_, L. _frater_, Sans. _bhr['a]tar_.]

BROUGHAM, br[=oo]'am, or br[=oo]m, _n._ a one-horse close carriage, either two or four wheeled, named after Lord _Brougham_ (1778-1868).

BROUGHT, brawt, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of BRING.

BROW, brow, _n._ the eyebrow: the ridge over the eyes: the forehead: the edge of a hill: a gallery in a coalmine running across the face of the coal: (_fig._) aspect, appearance.--_v.t._ BROW'BEAT, to bear down with stern looks or speech: to bully.--_adjs._ BROW'-BOUND, having the brow bound as with a crown: crowned; BROW'LESS, without shame. [A.S. _br['u]_; Ice. _br[:u]n_.]

BROWN, brown, _adj._ of a dark or dusky colour, inclining to red or yellow: dark-complexioned: sunburnt.--_n._ a dark-reddish colour: (_slang_) a copper.--_v.t._ to make brown, or give a brown colour to: to roast brown.--_ns._ BROWN'-BESS, the old British flint-lock musket--from the brown walnut stock; BROWN'-BILL, a foot-soldier's or watchman's halbert, painted brown; BROWN'-BREAD, bread of a brown colour, made of unbolted flour; BROWN'-COAL, commonly called _Lignite_, an imperfect kind of coal which exhibits more of its woody structure than ordinary coal; BROWN'-GEORGE, a hard biscuit: a brown earthen vessel; BROWN'ING, the process of imparting a brown colour to iron articles: a preparation for giving a brown colour to gravy, &c., or for dressing brown leather.--_adj._ BROWN'ISH.--_ns._ BROWN'NESS; BROWN'-P[=A]'PER, coarse and strong paper used chiefly for wrapping; BROWN'-SPAR, a name given to certain varieties of dolomite or magnesian limestone, distinguished by their brownish colour; BROWN'-STOUT, a kind of porter; BROWN'-STUD'Y, gloomy reverie: absent-mindedness.--_adj._ BROWN'Y (_Shak._), of a brown colour.--TO DO BROWN (_slang_), to do thoroughly, to deceive or take in completely. [A.S. _br['u]n_; Dut. _bruin_, Ger. _braun_.]

BROWNIE, brown'i, _n._ a kind of domestic spirit in the folklore of Scotland, represented as a good-humoured, drudging goblin, who attached himself to farmhouses, and occupied himself overnight in churning, thrashing corn, and the like. [_Brown._]

BROWNIST, brown'ist, _n._ one holding the Church principles of Robert _Browne_ (1550-1633), which may be said to have given birth to the Independents or Congregationalists of England.

BROWSE, browz, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to feed on the shoots or leaves of plants.--_ns._ BROWSE, BROWS'ING, the shoots and leaves of plants: fodder: the action of the verb browse. [O. Fr. _brouster_ (Fr. _brouter_)--_broust_, a sprout.]

BROWST, browst, _n._ (_Scot._) a brewing. [BREW.]

BRUCKLE, bruk'l, _adj._ (_Scot._) liable to break, brittle. [A.S. _brucol_--_brekan_, to BREAK.]