Part 17

ATOM, at'om, _n._ a particle of matter so small that it cannot be cut or divided, the unit of matter; anything very small.--_adjs._ ATOM'IC, -AL, pertaining to atoms.--_ns._ ATOMIC'ITY; ATOMIS[=A]'TION (_med._) the reduction of liquids to the form of spray; AT'OMISM, the doctrine that atoms arranged themselves into the universe: the atomic theory; AT'OMIST, one who believes in atomism.--_adj._ ATOMIS'TIC.--_adv._ ATOMIST'ICALLY.--_n._ AT'OMY, an atom, or mote: (_Shak._) a pygmy.--ATOMIC PHILOSOPHY, a system of philosophy enunciated by Democritus, which taught that the ultimate constituents of all things are indivisible particles, differing in form and in their relations to each other; ATOMIC THEORY, the hypothesis that all chemical combinations take place between the ultimate

## particles of bodies, uniting each atom to atom, or in proportions expressed

by some simple multiple of the number of atoms. [Gr. _atomos_--_a_, not, _temnein_, _tamein_, to cut. See ATOM.]

ATOMY, at'om-i, _n._ (_Shak._) a skeleton, walking skeleton. [Formerly also _atamy_ and _natomy_, for _anatomy_, mistakingly divided _an atomy_.]

ATONE, at-[=o]n', _adv._ (_Spens._) at one, at once, together. [M.E. also _attone_, earlier _atoon_, _aton_, _at one_, _at on_.]

ATONE, at-[=o]n', _v.i._ to give satisfaction or make reparation (with _for_): to make up for deficiencies: (_Shak._) to agree, be in accordance.--_v.t._ to appease, to expiate: (_arch._) harmonise, or reconcile.--_ns._ ATONE'MENT, the act of atoning; reconciliation: expiation: reparation: esp. (_theol._) the reconciliation of God and man by means of the incarnation and death of Christ; ATON'ER.--_adv._ ATON'INGLY. [See ATONE, above.]

ATONY, at'on-i, _n._ want of tone or energy: debility: relaxation.--_adj._ AT'ONIC (_pros._), without tone: unaccented. [Gr. _atonia_--_a_, neg., _tonos_, tone, strength. See TONE.]

ATOP, a-top', _adv._ on or at the top. [Prep. _a_, and TOP.]

ATRABILIAR, at-ra-bil'i-ar, _adj._ of a melancholy temperament: hypochondriac: splenetic, acrimonious.--Also ATRABIL'IARY, ATRABIL'IOUS. [L. _ater_, _atra_, black, _bilis_, gall, bile. See BILE.]

ATRAMENTAL, at-ra-men'tal, _adj._ (_Sir T. Browne_) inky, black. [From L. _atramentum_, ink--_atra_, black.]

ATREMBLE, a-trem'bl, _adv._ trembling.

ATRIP, a-trip', _adv._ said of an anchor when it is just drawn out of the ground in a perpendicular direction--of a sail, when it is hoisted from the cap, sheeted home, and ready for trimming. [Prep. _a_, on, and TRIP.]

ATRIUM, [=a]'tri-um, _n._ the entrance-hall or chief apartment of a Roman house. [Prob. orig. the kitchen, and so lit. 'the apartment blackened with smoke'--L. _ater_, black; others connect the word with _aedes_, orig. a fireplace, then a house, a temple.]

ATROCIOUS, a-tr[=o]'shus, _adj._ extremely cruel or wicked: heinous: very grievous: execrable.--_adv._ ATR[=O]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._ ATR[=O]'CIOUSNESS; ATROC'ITY, atrociousness: an atrocious act. [L. _atrox_, _atrocis_, cruel--_ater_, black.]

ATROPAL, at'ro-pal, _adj._ (_bot._) not inverted. [Gr. _atropos_--_a_, neg., and _trepein_, to turn.]

ATROPHY, a'trof-i, _n._ an alteration of the vital processes in a living organism, either animal or vegetable, resulting in a diminution of size and functional activity of the whole organism (_general atrophy_), or of certain of its organs or tissues: emaciation.--_adjs._ ATROPH'IC, AT'ROPHIED. [Gr. _a_, neg., and _troph[=e]_, nourishment.]

ATROPIA, a-tr[=o]'pi-a, ATROPIN, ATROPINE, at'ro-pin, _n._ a poisonous alkaloid existing in the deadly nightshade.--_n._ AT'ROPISM, poisoning by atropin. [From Gr. _Atropos_, one of the _Fates_, who cuts the thread of life.]

ATTACH, at-tach', _v.t._ to bind or fasten: to seize: to gain over: to connect, associate: to join to in action or function: (_Shak._) to arrest.--_v.i._ to adhere, to be fastened upon: (_rare_) to come into effect.--_adj._ ATTACH'ABLE.--_p.adj._ ATTACHED', fastened, fixed, joined by taste or affection (with _to_), fond, devoted to.--_n._ ATTACH'MENT, a bond of fidelity or affection: the seizure of any one's goods or person by virtue of a legal process. [O. Fr. _atachier_, from _[`a]_ (--L. _ad_), and the root of TACK (q.v.).]

ATTACH['E], a-ta'sh[=a], _n._ a young diplomatist attached to the suite of an ambassador. [Participle of Fr. _attacher_, to attach.]

ATTACK, at-tak', _v.t._ to fall upon violently: to assault: to assail with unfriendly words or writing: to begin to affect, fall upon (of diseases).--_n._ an assault or onset: the offensive part in any contest: the beginning of active operations on anything, even dinner: severe criticism or calumny.--_adj._ ATTACK'ABLE. [Fr. _attaquer_. See ATTACH, of which it is a doublet.]

ATTAIN, at-t[=a]n', _v.t._ to reach or gain by effort: to obtain: to reach a place: to reach.--_v.i._ to come or arrive: to reach.--_adj._ ATTAIN'ABLE, that may be reached.--_ns._ ATTAIN'ABLENESS, ATTAINABIL'ITY; ATTAIN'MENT, act of attaining: the thing attained: acquisition: (_pl._) acquirements in learning. [O. Fr. _ataindre_--L. _atting-[)e]re_--_ad_, to, _tang-[)e]re_, to touch.]

ATTAINDER, at-t[=a]n'd[.e]r, _n._ act of attainting: (_law_) loss of civil rights through conviction for high-treason.--_v.t._ ATTAINT', to convict: to deprive of rights for being convicted of treason: to accuse of: disgrace, stain (from a fancied connection with _taint_).--_n._ (_arch._) the act of touching, a hit (in tilting): (_Shak._) infection: attainder: a stain, disgrace.--Older _pa.p._ ATTAINT'--(_Shak._) corrupted, tainted.--_ns._ ATTAINT'MENT, ATTAINT'URE, state of being attainted. [O. Fr. _ataindre_--L. _atting-[)e]re_. See ATTAIN.]

ATTAR, at'ar, _n._ a very fragrant essential oil made in Turkey and other Eastern lands, chiefly from the damask rose.--Also OTTO. [Pers. _atar_.]

ATTASK, at-task', _v.t._ to task. [Pfx. _a-_, and TASK.]

ATTEMPER, at-tem'p[.e]r, _v.t._ to mix in due proportion: to modify or moderate: to adapt.--_p.adj._ ATTEM'PERED, tempered, mild, regulated. [O. Fr. _atemprer_--L. _attemper[=a]re_--_ad_, to, and _temper[=a]re_. See TEMPER.]

ATTEMPT, at-temt', _v.t._ to try or endeavour: to try to obtain: tempt, entice: to make an effort or attack upon.--_v.i._ to make an attempt or trial.--_n._ a trial: endeavour or effort: a personal assault: (_Milton_) temptation: (_law_) any act which can fairly be described as one of a series which, if uninterrupted and successful, would constitute a crime.--_n._ ATTEMPTABIL'ITY.--_adj._ ATTEMPT'ABLE, that may be attempted.--_n._ ATTEMPT'ER (_Milton_), a tempter. [O. Fr. _atempter_--L. _attent[=a]re_--_ad_, and _tem-pt_, _tent[=a]re_, to try--_tend[)e]re_, to stretch.]

ATTEND, at-tend', _v.t._ to wait on or accompany: to be present at: to wait for: to give attention (with _to_).--_v.i._ to yield attention: to act as an attendant: to wait, be consequent (with _to_, _on_, _upon_).--_ns._ ATTEND'ANCE, act of attending: (_B_.) attention, careful regard: presence: the persons attending; ATTEND'ANCY (_obs._), attendance, a retinue: (_obs._) relative position.--_adj._ ATTEND'ANT, giving attendance: accompanying.--_n._ one who attends or accompanies: a servant: what accompanies or follows: (_law_) one who owes a duty or service to another.--_ns._ ATTEND'ER, one who gives heed: a companion:--_fem._ ATTEN'DRESS; ATTEND'MENT (_Sir T. Browne_), attention.--_adj._ ATTENT' (_Spens._), giving attention.--_n._ (_Spens._) attention.--IN ATTENDANCE ON, waiting upon, attending. [O. Fr. _atendre_--L. _attend[)e]re_--_ad_, to, _tend[)e]re_, to stretch.]

ATTENTION, at-ten'shun, _n._ act of attending, as in to pay, give, call, or attract attention: steady application of the mind: heed: civility, courtesy: care.--_interj._ (_mil._) a cautionary word used as a command to execute some manoeuvre.--_adj._ ATTENT'IVE, full of attention: courteous, mindful.--_adv._ ATTENT'IVELY.--_n._ ATTENTI'VENESS. [L. _attention-em_--_attend-[)e]re_. See ATTEND.]

ATTENUATE, at-ten'[=u]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to make thin or lean: to break down into finer parts: to reduce in density: reduce in strength or value, simplify.--_v.i._ to become thin or fine: to grow less.--_n._ ATTEN'UANT, anything possessing this property.--_adjs._ ATTEN'UATE, ATTEN'UATED, made thin or slender: dilute, rarefied:--_n._ ATTENU[=A]'TION, process of making slender: reduction of intensity, density, or force: specially in homeopathy, the reduction of the active principles of medicines to minute doses. [L. _attenu[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_ad_, to, _tenuis_, thin.]

ATTEST, at-test', _v.t._ to testify or bear witness to: to affirm by signature or oath: to give proof of, to manifest: (_obs._) to call to witness.--_v.i._ to bear witness.--_n._ (_Shak._) witness, testimony.--_adjs._ ATTEST'ABLE, ATTEST'ATIVE.--_ns._ ATTEST[=A]'TION, act of attesting: administration of an oath; ATTEST'OR, ATTEST'ER, one who attests or vouches for. [L. _attest[=a]ri_, _ad_, to, _testis_, a witness.]

ATTIC, at'ik, _adj._ pertaining to Attica or to Athens: chaste, refined, elegant like the Athenians.--_v.t._ ATT'ICISE, to make conformable to the language or idiom of Attica.--_v.i._ to use the idioms of the Athenians: to side with the Athenians, to affect Attic or Greek style or manners.--_n._ AT'TICISM.--ATTIC SALT, wit of a dry, delicate, and refined quality. [Gr. _Attikos_, Attic, Athenian, _Attik[=e]_, Attica, perh. from _akt[=e]_, headland, though connected by some with _astu_, city.]

ATTIC, at'ik, _n._ (_archit._) a low story above the cornice that terminates the main part of an elevation: a room in the roof of a house. [Introduced in architecture from the idea that the feature to which it alluded was constructed in the Athenian manner.]

ATTIRE, at-t[=i]r', _v.t._ to dress, array, or adorn: to prepare.--_n._ dress: any kind of covering, even the plants that clothe the soil: (_Shak._) a dress or costume.--_ns._ ATTIRE'MENT, ATTIR'ING. [O. Fr. _atirer_, put in order--_[`a] tire_, in a row--_[`a]_ (L. _ad_), to, and _tire_, _tiere_, order, dress. See TIER.]

ATTITUDE, at'ti-t[=u]d, _n._ posture, or position: gesture: any condition of things or relation of persons viewed as expressing some thought, feeling, &c.--_adj._ ATTITUD'INAL.--_n._ ATTITUDIN[=A]'RIAN, one who studies attitudes.--_v.i._ ATTITUD'INISE, to assume affected attitudes.--_n._ ATTITUDIN[=I]'SER.--TO STRIKE AN ATTITUDE, to assume a position or figure to indicate a feeling or emotion not really felt. [Fr. or It. from L. _aptitudin-em_, _aptus_, fit.]

ATTOLLENT, at-tol'lent, _adj._ lifting up, raising.--_n._ a muscle with this function. [L. _attollens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _attoll[)e]re_, to lift up--_ad_, to, _toll[)e]re_, to lift.]

ATTORNEY, at-tur'ni, _n._ one legally authorised to act for another--hence the sense of the phrases 'in person' and 'by attorney:' one legally qualified to manage cases in a court of law: a solicitor--a solicitor or attorney prepares cases and does general law business, while a barrister pleads before the courts: (_pl._) ATTOR'NEYS.--_v.t._ ATTOR'NEY (_Shak._), to perform by proxy, to employ as a proxy.--_ns._ ATTOR'NEY-GEN'ERAL, the first ministerial law-officer of the Crown in England and Ireland: the title of the king's attorney in the duchies of Lancaster and Cornwall, and the county palatine of Durham: in the United States, one of the seven officials who constitute the president's cabinet, the head of the department of Justice; ATTOR'NEYSHIP, ATTOR'NEYISM, ATTOR'NEYDOM.--ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, or PUBLIC ATTORNEY, a professional and duly qualified legal agent; ATTORNEY IN FACT, or PRIVATE ATTORNEY, one duly appointed by _letter_ or _power of attorney_ to act for another in matters of contract, money payments, and the like.--LETTER WARRANT, or POWER OF ATTORNEY, the formal instrument by one person authorising another to perform certain acts for him. [O. Fr. _atorne_--Low L. _attornatus_--_atorn[=a]re_, to commit business to another. See TURN.]

ATTRACT, at-trakt', _v.t._ to draw to or cause to approach: to allure: to entice: to draw forth.--_adj._ ATTRACT'ABLE, that may be attracted.--_n._ ATTRAC'TION, act of attracting: the force which draws or tends to draw bodies or their particles to each other: that which attracts.--_adj._ ATTRACT'IVE, having the power of attracting: alluring.--_advs._ ATTRACT'IVELY, ATTRACT'INGLY.--_ns._ ATTRACT'IVENESS, ATTRACTABIL'ITY; ATTRACT'OR, ATTRACT'ER, an agent of attraction. [L. _attrah[)e]re_, _attractus_--_ad_, to, _trah[)e]re_, to draw.]

ATTRAHENT, at'tra-hent, _adj._ attracting or drawing.--_n._ that which attracts. [L. _attrahens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _attrah[)e]re_. See ATTRACT.]

ATTRAP, at-trap', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to adorn with trappings: to dress or array. [L. _ad_, to, and TRAP.]

ATTRIBUTE, at-trib'[=u]t, _v.t._ to ascribe, assign, or consider as belonging.--_adj._ ATTRIB'UTABLE.--_ns._ AT'TRIBUTE, that which is attributed: that which is inherent in, or inseparable from, anything: that which can be predicated of anything: a quality or property; ATTRIB[=U]'TION, act of attributing: that which is attributed: commendation.--_adj._ ATTRIB'UTIVE, expressing an attribute.--_n._ a word denoting an attribute. [L. _attribu[)e]re_, -_tributum_--_ad_, to, _tribu_-_[)e]re_, to give.]

ATTRIST, at-trist', _v.t._ (_obs._) to sadden. [Fr.--L. _ad_, to, _tristis_, sad.]

ATTRITE, at-tr[=i]t', _adj._ worn by rubbing or friction: (_theol._) repentant through fear of punishment, not yet from the love of God.--_n._ ATTRI'TION, the rubbing of one thing against another: a wearing by friction: (_theol._) a defective or imperfect sorrow for sin. [L. _attritus_--_atter_-_[)e]re_--_ad_, and _ter[)e]re_, _tritum_, to rub.]

ATTUNE, at-t[=u]n', _v.t._ to put in tune: to make one sound accord with another: to arrange fitly: to make musical.--_n._ ATTUNE'MENT. [L. _ad_, to, and TUNE.]

ATWAIN, a-tw[=a]n', _adv._ in twain: (_arch._) asunder. [Prep. _a_, and TWAIN.]

ATWEEN, a-tw[=e]n', _adv._ (_Spens._) between. [Prep. _a_, and TWAIN.]

ATWIXT, a-twikst', _adv._ (_Spens._) betwixt, between. [Pfx. _a_-, and _'twixt_, BETWIXT.]

AUBADE, [=o]-b[:a]d', _n._ a musical announcement of dawn: a sunrise song. [Fr. _aube_, dawn--L. _alba_, white.]

AUBERGE, [=o]-b[.e]rj', _n._ an inn.--_adj._ AUBERG'ICAL (_H. Walpole_).--_n._ AUBERGISTE ([=o]-b[.e]rj-[=e]st'). [Fr., of Teut. origin. See HARBOUR.]

AUBERGINE, [=o]'ber-j[=e]n, _n._ the fruit of the egg-plant, the brinjal. [Fr. dim. of _auberge_, a kind of peach--Sp. _alb['e]rchigo_--Ar. _al_, the, _p['e]rsigo_--L. _persicum_, a peach.]

AUBURN, aw'burn, _adj._ reddish brown. [The old meaning was a light yellow, or lightish hue; Low L. _alburnus_, whitish--L. _albus_, white.]

AUCTION, awk'shun, _n._ a public sale in which the bidder offers an increase on the price offered by another, and the articles go to him who bids highest.--_v.t._ to sell by auction.--_adj._ AUC'TIONARY.--_n._ AUCTIONEER', one who is licensed to sell by auction.--_v.t._ to sell by auction.--DUTCH AUCTION, a kind of mock auction at which the salesman starts at a high price, and comes down till he meets a bidder. [L. _auction_-_em_, an increasing--_aug[=e]re_, _auctum_, to increase.]

AUCTORIAL, awk't[=o]r-i-al, _adj._ of or pertaining to an author or his trade. [L. _auctor_.]

AUDACIOUS, aw-d[=a]'shus, _adj._ daring: bold: impudent.--_adv._ AUD[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._ AUD[=A]'CIOUSNESS, AUDACITY (aw-das'i-ti). [Fr. _audacieux_--L. _audax_--_aud[=e]re_, to dare.]

AUDIBLE, awd'i-bl, _adj._ able to be heard.--_ns._ AUD'IBLENESS, AUDIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ AUD'IBLY.--_n._ AUD'IENCE, the act of hearing: a judicial hearing: admittance to a hearing: a ceremonial interview: an assembly of hearers: a court of government or justice in Spanish America, also the territory administered by it--Sp. _audiencia_.--_adj._ AUD'IENT, listening: paying attention.--_n._ a hearer. [L. _audibilis_--_aud[=i]re_, to hear, conn. with Ger. _ous_, _[=o]tos_, the ear.]

AUDIOMETER, awd-i-om'et-[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring and recording differences in the power of hearing.

AUDIPHONE, awd'i-f[=o]n, _n._ an instrument which is pressed against the upper front teeth, the convex side outwards, in order to communicate sounds to the teeth and bones of the skull, thence to the organs of hearing.

AUDIT, awd'it, _n._ an examination of accounts by one or more duly authorised persons: a calling to account generally: a statement of account: (_obs._) a periodical settlement of accounts: (_obs._) audience, hearing.--_v.t._ to examine and verify by reference to vouchers, &c.--_ns._ AUDI'TION, the sense of hearing: the act of hearing: (_rare_) something heard; AUD'ITOR, a hearer: one who audits accounts:--_fem._ AUD'ITRESS; AUDIT[=O]R'IUM, in an opera-house, public hall, or the like, the space allotted to the hearers: the reception-room of a monastery; AUD'ITORSHIP.--_adj._ AUD'ITORY, relating to the sense of hearing.--_n._ an audience: a place where lectures, &c., are heard.--AUDIT ALE, an ale of special quality brewed for some Oxford and Cambridge colleges; orig. for use on the day of audit. [L. _auditus_, a hearing--_aud[=i]re_, to hear. See AUDIBLE.]

AUGEAN, aw-j[=e]'an, _adj._ filthy: difficult. [From _Augeas_, a fabled king of Elis in Greece, whose stalls, containing 3000 oxen, and uncleaned for thirty years, were swept out by Hercules in one day by his turning the river Alpheus through them.]

AUGER, aw'g[.e]r, _n._ a carpenter's tool used for boring holes in wood.--_n._ AU'GER-BIT, an auger that fits into a carpenter's brace (see BRACE). [A corr. of _nauger_, an auger, A.S. _nafug['a]r_--_nafu_, a nave of a wheel, _g['a]r_, a piercer. See NAVE (of a wheel), GORE, a triangular piece.]

AUGHT, awt, _n._ a whit: ought: anything: a part. [A.S. _['a]-wiht_, contr. to _['a]ht_, whence _[=o]ht_, _[=o]ght_, and _ought_. Shakespeare, Milton, and Pope use _ought_ and _aught_ without distinction. _Awiht_ is from _['a]_, _['o]_, ever, and _wiht_, creature, a wight, a thing.]

AUGITE, aw'j[=i]t, _n._ one of the Pyroxene group of minerals, closely allied to hornblende, usually of a greenish colour, occurring crystallised in prisms, and forming an essential component of many igneous rocks.--_adj._ AUGIT'IC. [Gr. _aug[=e]_, brightness.]

AUGMENT, awg-ment', _v.t._ to increase: to make larger.--_v.i._ to grow larger.--_n._ AUG'MENT, increase: (_gram._) the prefixed vowel to the past tenses of the verb in Sanskrit and Greek. Sometimes applied also to such inflectional prefixes as the _ge-_ of the German perfect

## participle.--_adjs._ AUGMENT'ABLE, AUGMENT'ATIVE, having the quality or

power of augmenting.--_n._ (_gram._) a word formed from another to express increase of its meaning.--_ns._ AUGMENT[=A]'TION, increase: addition: (_her._) an additional charge in a coat-of-arms bestowed by the sovereign as a mark of honour: (_mus._) the repetition of a melody in the course of the piece in notes of greater length than the original: (_Scots law_) an increase of stipend obtained by a parish minister by an action raised in the Court of Teinds against the titular and heritors; AUGMENT'ER. [L. _augmentum_, increase--_aug[=e]re_, to increase, Gr. _auxan-ein_.]

AUGUR, aw'gur, _n._ among the Romans, one who gained knowledge of secret or future things by observing the flight and the cries of birds: a diviner; a soothsayer.--_v.t._ to foretell from signs.--_v.i._ to guess or conjecture: to forebode.--_adj._ AU'GURAL.--_ns._ AU'GURSHIP; AU'GURY, the art or practice of auguring: an omen.--The words AU'GURATE and AUGUR[=A]'TION are obsolete. [L.; prob. from _avis_, bird, and root, _gar_, in L. _garr[=i]re_, to chatter, Sans. _gir_, speech.]

AUGUST, aw-gust', _adj._ venerable: imposing: sublime: majestic--_adv._ AUGUST'LY.--_n._ AUGUST'NESS. [L. _augustus_--_aug[=e]re_, to increase, honour.]

AUGUST, aw'gust, _n._ the eighth month of the year, so called after the Roman emperor _Augustus_ Caesar.

AUGUSTAN, aw-gust'an, _adj._ pertaining to the Emperor Augustus, or to the time in which he reigned (31 B.C.-14 A.D.)--the most brilliant age in Roman literature, hence applied to any similar age, as the reign of Anne in English, or that of Louis XIV. in French literature: classic: refined.

AUGUSTINE, aw-gust'in, AUGUSTINIAN, aw-gus-tin'i-an, _n._ one of an order of monks who derive their name and rule from St Augustine: (_theol._) one who holds the opinions of St Augustine, esp. on predestination and irresistible grace.--_adj._ AUGUSTIN'IAN, of or relating to St Augustine.--_n._ AUGUSTIN'IANISM.

AUK, awk, _n._ a genus of web-footed sea-birds, with short wings used only as paddles, found in the northern seas. The Great Auk is supposed to have become extinct in 1844. [Ice. _['a]lka_.]

AULA, aw'la, _n._ a hall.--_adj._ AUL[=A]'RIAN, relating to a hall.--_n._ at Oxford, a member of a hall, as distinguished from a collegian.--AULA REGIS, also called _Curia Regis_, a name used in English history for a feudal assembly of tenants-in-chief, for the Privy Council, and for the Court of King's Bench. [L. _aula_, a hall.]

AULD, awld, _adj._ (_Scot._) old.--_adjs._ AULD'-FAR'RANT (lit. '_favouring_ the old'), old-fashioned, wise beyond their years, as of children; AULD'-WARLD, old-world, ancient.--AULD LANGSYNE, old long since, long ago.

AULIC, awl'ik, _adj._ pertaining to a royal court.--AULIC COUNCIL (Ger. _Reichshofrath_), a court or personal council of the Holy Roman Empire, established in 1501 by Maximilian I., and co-ordinate with the Imperial Chamber (_Reichskammergericht_). [L. _aulicus_--_aula_, Gr. _aul[=e]_, a royal court.]

AUMAIL, aw-m[=a]l', _v.t._ to enamel: (_Spens._) to figure or variegate. [See ENAMEL.]

AUMBRY, awm'bri, _n._ Same as AMBRY.

AUMIL, o'mil, _n._ Same as AMILDAR.

AUMUCE, aw'm[=u]s, _n._ Same as AMICE.

AUNT, [:a]nt, _n._ a father's or a mother's sister--also the wife of one's uncle: (_obs._) an old woman, a gossip, a procuress or bawd.--AUNT SALLY, a pastime at English fairs, in which a wooden head is set on a pole, and in the mouth a pipe, which has to be smashed by throwing sticks or the like at it. [O. Fr. _ante_ (Fr. _tante_)--L. _amita_, a father's sister.]

AURA, awr'a, _n._ a supposed subtle emanation proceeding from anything, esp. that essence which is claimed to emanate from all living things and to afford an atmosphere for the operations of animal magnetism and such-like occult phenomena: (_fig._) air, distinctive character: (_path._) a sensation as of a current of cold air--a premonitory symptom of epilepsy and hysteria.--_adj._ AUR'AL, pertaining to the air, or to a subtle vapour or exhalation arising from a body. [L. _aura_.]

AURAL, awr'al, _adj._ pertaining to the ear.--_adv._ AUR'ALLY. [L. _auris_, ear.]

AURATE, awr'[=a]t, _n._ a compound of auric oxide with a base.--_adjs._ AUR'ATED, gold-coloured: compounded with auric acid; AUR'EATE, gilded: golden.--_n._ AUR[=E]'ITY, the peculiar properties of gold. [L. _aurum_, gold.]

AURELIA, awr-[=e]l'ya, _n._ the chrysalis of an insect, from its golden colour.--_adj._ AUREL'IAN--formerly also a name for an entomologist devoted esp. to butterflies and moths. [L. _aurum_, gold.]

[Illustration]

AUREOLA, awr-[=e]'o-la, _n._ in Christian art, the gold colour surrounding the whole figure in sacred pictures, distinct from the _nimbus_, which only covers the head, usually reserved for representations of the three Divine Persons, of Christ, and the Virgin and Child: (_theol._) an increment to the ordinary blessedness of heaven gained by virgins, martyrs, and doctors for their triumph respectively over the flesh, the world, and the devil.--_n._ AUR'EOLE, the aureola: the gold disc round the head in early pictures symbolising glory: (_fig._) a glorifying halo: a halo of radiating light, as in eclipses.--_p.adj._ AUR'EOLED, encircled with an aureole. [L. _aureolus_, dim. of _aureus_, golden.]

AURIC, awr'ik, _adj._ pertaining to gold: (_chem._) applied to compounds in which gold combines as a triad. [L. _aurum_, gold.]

AURICLE, awr'i-kl, _n._ the external ear: (_pl._) the two upper cavities of the heart into which the blood comes from the veins.--_adj._ AUR'ICLED, having appendages like ears.--_n._ AURIC'ULA, a species of primrose, also called bear's ear, from the shape of its leaf.--_adj._ AURIC'ULAR, pertaining to the ear: known by hearing, or by report.--_adv._ AURIC'ULARLY.--_adjs._ AURIC'ULATE, AURIC'ULATED, ear-shaped.--AURICULAR CONFESSION, secret, told in the ear. [L. _auricula_, dim. of _auris_, the ear.]

AURIFEROUS, awr-if'[.e]r-us, _adj._ bearing or yielding gold.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ AUR'IFY, to turn into gold. [L. _aurifer_--_aurum_, gold, _ferre_, to bear.]

AURIFORM, awr'i-form, _adj._ ear-shaped. [L. _auris_, ear, and FORM.]

AURISCOPE, aw'ri-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for examining the Eustachian passage of the ear. [L. _auris_, ear, and Gr. _skopein_, to look.]

AURIST, awr'ist, _n._ one skilled in diseases of the ear. [L. _auris_, ear.]

AUROCHS, awr'oks, _n._ the European bison or wild ox. [Ger. _auerochs_. Old High Ger. _[^u]rohso_, _ur_ (L. _urus_, Gr. _ouros_), a kind of wild ox, and _ochs_, ox.]

AURORA, aw-r[=o]'ra, _n._ the dawn: in poetry, the goddess of dawn.--_adjs._ AUR[=O]'RAL, AUR[=O]'REAN.--_adv._ AUR[=O]'RALLY. [Acc. to Curtius, a reduplicated form for _ausosa_; from a root seen in Sans. _ush_, to burn; cog. with Gr. _[=e][=o]s_, dawn, _h[=e]lios_, the sun; Etruscan, _Usil_, the god of the sun.]

AURORA BOREALIS, aw-r[=o]'ra b[=o]-r[=e]-[=a]'lis, the northern aurora or light: a luminous meteoric phenomenon of electrical character seen in northern latitudes, with a tremulous motion, and giving forth streams of light.--AURORA AUSTRALIS (aws-tr[=a]'lis), a similar phenomenon in the southern hemisphere:--_pl._ AUR[=O]'RAS. [L. _borealis_, northern--_boreas_, the north wind. See AUSTRAL.]

AUSCULTATION, aws-kult-[=a]'shun, _n._ the art of discovering the condition of the lungs and heart by applying the ear or the stethoscope to the part.--_v.i._ to examine by auscultation.--_n._ AUSCULT[=A]'TOR, one who practises auscultation, or an instrument for such: in Germany, a title formerly given to one who had passed his first public examination in law, and who was merely retained, not yet employed or paid by government.--_adj._ AUSCULT'[=A]TORY, relating to auscultation. [L. _auscult[=a]re_, to listen.]

AUSONIAN, aw-s[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ Italian. [L. _Ausonia_, a poetical name for Italy.]

AUSPICE, aw'spis, _n._ an omen drawn from observing birds: augury--generally used in _pl._ AU'SPICES, protection: patronage: a good start (generally in phrase, UNDER THE AUSPICES OF).--_v.t._ AU'SPICATE, to foreshow: to initiate or inaugurate with hopes of good luck:--_pr.p._ au'spic[=a]ting; _pa.p._ au'spic[=a]ted.--_adj._ AUSPI'CIOUS, having good auspices or omens of success: favourable: fortunate: propitious.--_adv._ AUSPI'CIOUSLY.--_n._ AUSPI'CIOUSNESS. [Fr.--L. _auspicium_--_auspex_, _auspicis_, a bird-seer, from _avis_, a bird, _spec[)e]re_, to observe.]

AUSTER, aws't[.e]r, _n._ the south wind. [L.]

AUSTERE, aws-t[=e]r', _adj._ harsh: severe: stern: grave: sober: severe in self-discipline, strictly moral or abstinent: severely simple, without luxury.--_adv._ AUSTERE'LY.--_ns._ AUSTERE'NESS, AUSTER'ITY, quality of being austere: severity of manners or life: harshness: asceticism: severe simplicity of style, dress, or habits. [L. _austerus_--Gr. _aust[=e]ros_--_au-ein_, to dry.]

AUSTRAL, aws'tral, _adj._ southern.--_adj._ AUSTRALASIAN (aws-tral-[=a]'zhi-an), pertaining to Australasia, or the islands and island-groups that lie to the south of Asia.--_n._ a native or colonist of one of these.--_adj._ AUSTR[=A]'LIAN, of or pertaining to Australia, a large island between the Indian and Pacific Oceans.--_n._ an aboriginal native of Australia proper, later also a white colonist or resident. [L. _australis_--_auster_, the south wind.]

AUSTRIAN, aws'tri-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to Austria, an empire of Central Europe.--_n._ a native of Austria.

AUSTRINGER, aw'string-[.e]r, _n._ a keeper of goshawks.--Also A'STRINGER. [O. Fr. _ostruchier_, _austruchier_. See OSTRICH.]

AUTARCHY, awt'[:a]r-ki, _n._ absolute power. [Gr., from _autos_, self, and _archein_, to rule.]