Part 45

CHARGE, ch[:a]rj, _v.t._ to load, to put into, to fill (_with_): to load heavily, burden: to fill completely: to cause to receive electricity: to lay a task upon one, to enjoin, command: to deliver officially an injunction, as a judge to a jury, a bishop or archdeacon to his clergy, or a senior to a junior minister at a Presbyterian ordination: to bring an accusation against: to exact a sum of money from, to ask as the price.--_v.i._ to make an onset.--_n._ that which is laid on: cost or price: the load of powder, &c., for a gun: attack or onset: care, custody: the object of care, esp. a minister of religion's flock or parish: an accumulation of electricity in a Leyden jar: command: exhortation: accusation: (_pl._) expenses.--_adj._ CHARGE'ABLE, liable to be charged, imputable: blamable: (_B._) burdensome.--_n._ CHARGE'ABLENESS.--_adv._ CHARGE'ABLY.--_adj._ CHARGE'FUL (_Shak._), expensive.--_n._ CHARGE'-HOUSE (_Shak._), a common school where a fee was charged, in distinction to a free-school.--_adj._ CHARGE'LESS.--_n._ CHARG'ER, a flat dish capable of holding a large joint, a platter: a war-horse.--GIVE IN CHARGE, to hand over to the police. [Fr. _charger_--Low L. _carric[=a]re_, to load--L. _carrus_, a wagon. See CAR, CARGO.]

CHARG['E]-D'AFFAIRES, shar'zh[=a]-da-f[=a]r', _n._ a fourth-class diplomatic agent, accredited, not to the sovereign, but to the department for foreign affairs--he also holds his credentials only from the minister: the person in charge for the time. [Fr.]

CHARILY, CHARINESS. See CHARY.

CHARIOT, char'i-ot, _n._ a four-wheeled pleasure or state carriage: a car used in ancient warfare: a light four-wheeled carriage with back-seats.--_v.t._ to carry in a chariot.--_v.i._ to ride in a chariot.--_n._ CHARIOTEER', one who drives a chariot.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to drive or to ride in such. [Fr., dim. of _char_, a CAR.]

CHARISM, kar'izm, _n._ a free gift of grace.--_adj._ CHARISMAT'IC. [Gr. _charisma_--_charis_, grace.]

CHARITY, char'i-ti, _n._ (_N.T._) universal love: the disposition to think favourably of others, and do them good: almsgiving: (_pl._) affections.--_adj._ CHAR'ITABLE, of or relating to charity: liberal to the poor.--_n._ CHAR'ITABLENESS.--_adv._ CHAR'ITABLY.--COLD AS CHARITY, an ironical phrase implying the coldness of much so-called charity, which should naturally be warm. [Fr. _charit['e]_--L. _caritat-em_, _carus_, dear.]

CHARIVARI, sh[:a]r'i-v[:a]r'i, _n._ a French term used to designate a wild tumult and uproar, produced by the beating of pans, kettles, and dishes, mingled with whistling, bawling, groans, and hisses, expressive of displeasure against an individual--the 'rough music' not unknown in England as a popular protest against an unequal marriage, or the like. [Ety. dub.; the word, as suggesting derision, has been adopted as a name by satirical journals.]

CHARK, ch[:a]rk, _v.t._ to burn to charcoal.--_n._ charcoal, coke.

CHARLATAN, sh[:a]r'la-tan, _n._ a mere talking pretender: a quack.--_adj._ CHARLATAN'IC.--_ns._ CHAR'LATANISM, CHAR'LATANRY. [Fr.,--It. _ciarlatano_--_ciarlare_, to chatter, an imit. word.]

CHARLES'S WAIN, _n._ a name given to the seven bright stars in Ursa Major, the Plough. [A.S. _Carles waegn_, Carl being Charlemagne.]

CHARLEY, CHARLIE, ch[:a]r'li, _n._ a night-watchman: the small triangular beard familiar in the portraits of _Charles_ I.: the fox.--_n._ CHAR'LEY-PITCH'ER (_slang_), one who makes a living by the thimble-and-pea trick.

CHARLOCK, ch[:a]r'lok, _n._ a plant of the mustard family, with yellow flowers, that grows as a weed in cornfields. [A.S. _cerlic_.]

CHARLOTTE, sh[:a]r'lot, _n._ a dish of apple marmalade covered with crumbs of toast.--CHARLOTTE RUSSE, a custard enclosed in a kind of sponge-cake.

CHARM, ch[:a]rm, _n._ a spell: something thought to possess occult power, a metrical form of words: attractiveness: a trinket worn on a watch-guard: the blended singing of birds, children, &c.: (_pl._) female beauty or other personal attractions: that which can please irresistibly.--_v.t._ to influence by a charm: to subdue by secret influence: to enchant: to delight, to allure.--_adj._ CHARMED, protected, as by a special charm.--_n._ CHARM'ER.--_adj._ CHARM'FUL, abounding with charms.--_p.adj._ CHARM'ING, highly pleasing: delightful: fascinating.--_adv._ CHARM'INGLY.--_adj._ CHARM'LESS, wanting or destitute of charms. [Fr. _charme_--L. _carmen_, a song.]

CHARNECO, ch[:a]r'ne-ko, _n._ (_Shak._) a kind of sweet wine. [Prob. from the name of a village near Lisbon.]

CHARNEL, ch[:a]r'nel, _adj._ of, or pertaining to, a charnel or burial-place, as in 'charnel-vault,' &c.: sepulchral, death-like.--_n._ CHAR'NEL-HOUSE, a place where the bones of the dead are deposited. [O. Fr. _charnel_--Low L. _carn[=a]le_--L. _carnalis_, _caro_, _carnis_, flesh.]

CHARON, k[=a]'ron, _n._ in Greek mythology, the ferryman who rowed the shades of the dead across the river Styx in the lower world: a ferryman generally. [Gr.]

CHARPIE, sh[:a]r'p[=e], _n._ lint shredded down so as to form a soft material for dressing wounds. [O. Fr. _charpir_--L. _carp[)e]re_, to pluck.]

CHARPOY, char'poi, _n._ the common Indian bedstead, sometimes handsomely wrought and painted. [Hind. _cha[=a]rp[=a][=i]_--Pers. _chih[=a]r-p[=a][=i]_, four feet.]

CHARQUI, ch[:a]r'k[=e], _n._ beef cut into long strips and dried in the sun--jerked beef. [Peruv.]

CHARR. Same as CHAR (1).

CHART, ch[:a]rt, _n._ a marine or hydrographical map, exhibiting a portion of a sea or other water, with the islands, coasts of contiguous land, soundings, currents, &c: an outline-map, or a tabular statement giving information of any kind.--_adjs._ CHART[=A]'CEOUS; CHART'LESS. [O. Fr. _charte_--L. _charta_, a paper.]

CHARTER, ch[:a]rt'er, _n._ any formal writing in evidence of a grant, contract, or other transaction, conferring or confirming titles, rights, or privileges, or the like: the formal deed by which a sovereign guarantees the rights and privileges of his subjects, like the famous MAG'NA CHART'A, signed by King John at Runnymede, 15th June 1215, or the CHARTE of Louis XVIII. at the Restoration in 1814, or that sworn by Louis-Philippe, 29th August 1830: any instrument by which powers and privileges are conferred by the state on a select body of persons for a special object, as the 'charter of a bank:' a patent: grant, allowance: immunity.--_v.t._ to establish by charter: to let or hire, as a ship, on contract.--_p.adj._ CHART'ERED, granted or protected by a charter: privileged: licensed: hired by contract. [O. Fr. _chartre_--L. _cartula_, _carta_.]

CHARTERHOUSE, ch[:a]rt'[.e]r-hows, _n._ a Carthusian monastery: the famous hospital and school instituted in London in 1611, on the site of a Carthusian monastery--now transferred--the 'masterpiece of Protestant English charity' in Fuller's phrase.--_ns._ CHAR'TREUSE, a Carthusian monastery, esp. the original one, the Grande Chartreuse near Grenoble in France: a famous liqueur, green, yellow, or white, long manufactured here by the monks from aromatic herbs and brandy: a kind of enamelled pottery: a pale greenish colour; CHAR'TREUX, a Carthusian: the Charterhouse School.

CHARTER-PARTY, ch[:a]rt'[.e]r-p[:a]r'ti, _n._ the common written form in which the contract of affreightment is expressed--viz. the hiring of the whole or part of a ship for the conveyance of goods. [Fr. _charte-partie_, lit. a divided charter, as the practice was to divide it in two and give a half to each person. L. _charta part[=i]ta_.]

CHARTISM, ch[:a]rt'izm, _n._ a movement in Great Britain for the extension of political power to the working-classes, rising out of widespread national distress and popular disappointment with the results of the Reform Bill of 1832--its programme, the 'People's Charter,' drawn up in 1838, with six _points_: (1) Manhood Suffrage; (2) Equal Electoral Districts; (3) Vote by Ballot; (4) Annual Parliaments; (5) Abolition of Property Qualification; and (6) Payment of Members of the House of Commons.--_n._ CHART'IST, a supporter of chartism.

CHARTOGRAPHY. See CARTOGRAPHY.

CHARTREUSE, CHARTREUX. See CHARTERHOUSE.

CHARTULARY. Same as CARTULARY.

CHARWOMAN. See CHARE.

CHARY, ch[=a]r'i, _adj._ sparing: cautious.--_adv._ CHAR'ILY.--_n._ CHAR'INESS. [A.S. _cearig_--_cearu_, care.]

CHARYBDIS, kar-ib'dis, _n._ a dangerous whirlpool between Italy and Sicily, and opposite to Scylla, the two together providing a proverbial alternative of ruin hardly to be escaped.

CHASE, ch[=a]s, _v.t._ to pursue: to hunt: to drive away, put to flight.--_n._ pursuit: a hunting: that which is hunted: ground abounding in game.--_n._ CHASE'PORT, the porthole at the bow or stern of a vessel, through which the chase-gun is fired.--BEASTS OF CHASE, properly the buck, doe, fox, marten, and roe: wild beasts that are hunted generally.--WILD-GOOSE CHASE, any foolish or profitless pursuit. [O. Fr. _chacier_, _chasser_--L. _capt[=a]re_, freq. of _cap[)e]re_, to take.]

CHASE, ch[=a]s, _v.t._ to decorate metal-work, whether hammered or punched up, by engraving the exterior.--_ns._ CHAS'ER, one who practises chasing; CHAS'ING, the art of representing figures in bas-relief by punching them out from behind, and then carving them on the front: the art of cutting the threads of screws. [Short for ENCHASE.]

CHASE, ch[=a]s, _n._ a case or frame for holding types: a groove. [Fr. _ch[^a]sse_, a shrine, a setting--L. _capsa_, a chest. See CASE.]

CHASERICULTURE, chas-er-i-kul't[=u]r, _n._ the combined industries of tea-growing and of silk-production. [A combination of Chinese _cha_, tea, _chasze_, the former tea valuers of Canton, and L. _sericum_, silk.]

CHASM, kazm, _n._ a yawning or gaping hollow: a gap or opening: a void space.--_adjs._ CHASMED; CHASM'Y. [Gr. _chasma_, from _chain-ein_, to gape; cf. CHAOS.]

CHASSE, sh[:a]s, _n._ a dram or liqueur taken after coffee, to remove the taste.--Also CHASSE-CAF['E] [Fr. _chasse-caf['e]_--_chasser_, to chase, remove.]

CHASS['E], sh[:a]s'[=a], _n._ a kind of gliding step in dancing.--_v.t._ to make such a step: (_slang_) to dismiss. [Fr.]

CHASSEPOT, shas'po, _n._ the kind of bolt-action breechloading rifle adopted by the French army in 1866. [From Antoine Alphonse _Chassepot_, the inventor.]

CHASSEUR, sha-s[=a]r', _n._ a hunter or huntsman: one of a select body of French light troops, either infantry or cavalry; a domestic dressed in military garb in the houses of the great. [Fr. _chasser_, to hunt.]

CHASTE, ch[=a]st, _adj._ modest; refined; virtuous: pure in taste and style.--_adv._ CHASTE'LY.--_ns._ CHASTE'NESS, the quality of being chaste; CHAS'TITY, sexual purity: virginity: refinement of language: moderation. [O. Fr. _chaste_--L. _castus_, pure.]

CHASTEN, ch[=a]s'n, _v.t._ to free from faults by punishing--hence to punish, to purify or refine: to restrain or moderate.--_p.adj._ CHAS'TENED, purified: modest.--_n._ CHAS'TENMENT.

CHASTISE, chas-t[=i]z', _v.t._ to inflict punishment upon for the purpose of correction: to reduce to order or to obedience.--_adj._ CHAST[=I]S'ABLE.--_n._ CHAS'TISEMENT.

[Illustration]

CHASUBLE, chaz'[=u]-bl, _n._ a sleeveless vestment worn over the alb by the priest while celebrating mass. [O. Fr. _chesible_--Low L. _casubula_--L. _casula_, a mantle, dim. of _casa_, a hut.]

CHAT, chat, _v.i._ to talk idly or familiarly:--_pr.p._ chat'ting; _pa.p._ chat'ted.--_n._ familiar, idle talk.--_n._ CHAT'TINESS.--_adj._ CHAT'TY, given to chat, talkative. [Short for CHATTER.]

CHAT, chat, _n._ a genus of small birds in the thrush family, of which the wheatear is a familiar example. [From the sound of their voice.]

CHATEAU, sha-t[=o]', _n._ a castle, a great country-seat, esp. in France (common in place-names, and connected with wines, as 'Ch[^a]teau Lafitte,' 'Ch[^a]teau Yqem,' &c.).--_ns._ CHATELAIN (shat'e-l[=a]n), a castellan; CHAT'ELAINE, a female castellan: an ornamental appendage, suitable to a lady chatelaine, consisting of short chains bearing keys, corkscrew, scissors, &c., attached to the waist-belt: a similar thing in miniature attached to the watch-chain.--CH[^A]TEAU EN ESPAGNE, a castle in the air. [O. Fr. _chastel_ (Fr. _ch[^a]teau_)--L. _castellum_, dim. of _castrum_, a fort.]

CHATON, sha-tong', _n._ the head of a ring. [Fr.]

CHATOYANT, shat-oi'ant, _adj._ with a changing lustre, like a cat's eye in the dark. [Fr.]

CHATTA, ch[:a]t'a, _n._ an umbrella. [Hind.]

CHATTEL, chat'l, _n._ any kind of property which is not freehold, distinguished further into _chattels-real_ and _chattels-personal_, the latter being mere personal movables--money, plate, cattle, and the like; the former including leasehold interests.--GOODS AND CHATTELS, all corporeal movables. [O. Fr. _chatel_--Low L. _captale_--L. _capitale_, &c., property, goods.]

CHATTER, chat'er, _v.i._ to talk idly or rapidly: to sound as the teeth when one shivers.--_ns._ CHATT'ERBOX, one who chatters or talks incessantly; CHATT'ERER, one that chatters: an idle talker: a significant popular name applied to the birds of a small family of finch-like perching birds, as the Bohemian wax-wing and the cedar bird of America; CHATT'ERING, noise like that made by a magpie, or by the striking together of the teeth: idle talk. [From the sound.]

CHATTY, chat'i, _n._ an earthen water-pot in India. [Hind.]

CHAUCERIAN, ch[:a]-s[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Chaucer_, or like him.--_n._ a devoted student of Chaucer.--_n._ CHAU'CERISM, anything characteristic of Chaucer.

CHAUD-MELL['E], sh[=o]d-m[=a]'l[=a], _n._ a fight arising in the heat of passion: the killing of a man in such a fight.--Also CHAUD'-MED'LEY. [O. Fr. _chaude-mellee_, hot fight. See M[^E]L['E]E.]

CHAUFE, CHAUFF (_Spens._). Forms of CHAFE.

CHAUFFER, chaw'f[.e]r, _n._ a metal box for holding fire, a portable furnace or stove. [See CHAFER.]

CHAUFFEUR, sh[=o]f-f[.e]r, _n._ a motor-car attendant. [Fr.]

CHAUSSES, sh[=o]s, or sh[=o]'sez, _n.pl._ any closely fitting covering for the legs, hose generally: the defence-pieces for the legs in ancient armour.--_n._ CHAUSSURE', a general name for boots and shoes. [O. Fr. _chauces_--L. _calcias_, pl. of _calcia_, hose.]

CHAUTAUQUAN, sha-taw'kwan, _adj._ pertaining to a system of instruction for adults by home reading and study under guidance, evolved from the _Chautauqua_ Literary and Scientific Circle, organised in 1878.

CHAUVINISM, sh[=o]'vin-izm, _n._ an absurdly extravagant pride in one's country, with a corresponding contempt for foreign nations--the French equivalent of the Jingoism of London music-halls.--_ns._ CHAU'VIN, CHAU'VINIST.--_adj._ CHAUVINIST'IC. [Fr. _chauvinisme_, from _Chauvin_, a figure in _La Cocarde tricolore_.]

CHAVENDER, chav'en-der, _n._ the chub or cheven.

CHAW, chaw, _n._ (_Spens._) the jaw--usually _pl._--_v.t._ to chew, still used of tobacco.--_n._ CHAW'-B[=A]'CON, a country clown, a rustic fellow.--CHAWED UP, destroyed. [See JAW.]

CHAWDRON, chaw'dron, _n._ (_Shak._) part of the entrails of an animal. [O. Fr. _chaudun_.]

CHAY, a vulgar form of CHAISE.

CHAYA-ROOT. Same as SHAYA-ROOT.

CHEAP, ch[=e]p, _adj._ low in price: of a place where prices are low, as 'a cheap market:' of a low price in relation to the value: easily obtained: of small value, or reckoned at such.--_v.t._ CHEAP'EN, to ask the price of a thing: to make cheap, to lower the price of: to lower the reputation of: to beat down the price of.--_n._ CHEAP'ENER.--_adv._ CHEAP'LY.--_n._ CHEAP'NESS.--CHEAP JACK, or JOHN, a travelling hawker who pretends to give great bargains; CHEAP LABOUR, labour paid at a poor rate; CHEAP TRIP, an excursion by rail or steamer at a reduced fare; CHEAP-TRIPPER, one who goes on such a trip.--DIRT CHEAP, ridiculously cheap.--ON THE CHEAP, cheap or cheaply.--TO BE CHEAP OF ANYTHING (_Scot._), to get off with less than one deserved or expected, as of punishment. [Orig. _good cheap_, i.e. a good bargain; A.S. _ceap_, price, a bargain; A.S. _c['e]apian_, Ice. _kaupa_, Ger. _kaufen_, to buy; Scot. _coup_--all borrowed from L. _caupo_, a huckster.]

CHEAT, ch[=e]t, _v.t._ to deceive, defraud, impose upon.--_v.i._ to practise deceit.--_n._ a fraud: one who cheats.--_ns._ CHEAT'ER, one who cheats: (_Shak._) an officer who collected the fines to be paid into the Exchequer; CHEAT'ERY (_coll._), cheating.--PUT A CHEAT UPON, to deceive.--TAME CHEATER, a decoy. [M. E. _cheten_, a form of _escheten_, to escheat.]

CHECK, chek, _v.t._ to bring to a stand: to restrain or hinder: to rebuke: to control an account, &c., by comparison with certified data, vouchers, &c.: to place in check at chess: to mark with a pattern of crossing lines.--_n._ a term in chess when one party obliges the other either to move or guard his king: anything that checks: a sudden stop, repulse, or rebuff: (_B._, _Shak._) a rebuke: a mark put against items in a list: an order for money (usually written CHEQUE): any counter-register used as security, a counterfoil: a token, of printed paper or metal, given to a railroad passenger to make secure the after-identification of his luggage, to a person leaving his seat in a theatre with the intention of returning, &c.: (_U.S._) a counter used in games at cards--hence 'to pass in one's checks' = to die: a pattern of cross lines forming small squares, as in a chessboard: any fabric woven with such a pattern.--_adj._ (_her._) divided into small squares by transverse, perpendicular, and horizontal lines.--_ns._ CHECK'-CLERK, a clerk who checks accounts, &c.; CHECK'ER, one who hinders or rebukes; CHECK'ER-BOARD, a board on which checkers or draughts is played; CHECK'-KEY, a latch-key; CHECK'MATE, in chess, a check given to the adversary's king when in a position in which it can neither be protected nor moved out of check, so that the game is finished: a complete check: defeat: overthrow.--_v.t._ in chess, to make a movement which ends the game: to defeat.--_ns._ CHECK'-REIN, a coupling rein, a strap hindering the horse from lowering its head; CHECK'-STRING, a string by which the occupant of a carriage may attract the driver's notice; CHECK'-TAK'ER, the collector of admission tickets at a theatre, railway-train, &c.; CHECK'-WEIGH'ER, one who on the part of the men checks the weight of coal sent up to the pit-mouth. [O. Fr. _eschec_, _eschac_ (Low L. _scaccus_, _sc[=a]chus_, It. _scacco_, Sp. _jaque_, Ger. _scach_), through Ar. from Pers. _sh[=a]h_, king--CHECKMATE being O. Fr. _eschec mat_--Ar. _sh[=a]h m[=a]t(a)_, 'the king is dead,' i.e. can make no further move.]

CHECKER. See CHEQUER.

CHECKER-BERRY, chek'[.e]r-beri, _n._ an American name for the winter-green (q.v.).

CHECKERS, chek'[.e]rz, _n.pl._ the game of draughts.

CHECKLATON, chek'la-ton, _n._ (_Spens._) a cloth of gold or other rich material.--Also CIC'LATOUN. [O. Fr. _ciclaton_, from Ar., prob. from the same root as _scarlet_.]

CHEDDAR, ched'ar, _n._ an excellent kind of cheese first made in Somersetshire. [From the village of _Cheddar_ in Somersetshire.]

CHEEK, ch[=e]k, _n._ the side of the face below the eye, the fleshy lateral wall of the mouth: effrontery, impudence, as in 'to have the cheek' to do anything, 'to give cheek:' one of the side-posts of a door or window: the cheek-strap of a horse's bridle, the ring at the end of the bit: anything arranged in internal pairs.--_v.t._ to address insolently.--_ns._ CHEEK'BONE, the bone of the cheek; CHEEK'-POUCH, a dilatation of the skin of the cheek, forming a bag outside the teeth, as in monkeys, &c.; CHEEK'-TOOTH, a molar tooth.--_adj._ CHEEK'Y, insolent, saucy.--CHEEK BY JOWL, side by side.--TO ONE'S OWN CHEEK, for one's own private use. [A.S. _c['e]ce_, _c['e]ace_, the cheek, jaw; cf. Dut. _kaak_.]

CHEEP, ch[=e]p, _v.i._ to chirp, as a young bird.--_n._ any similar sound. [From the sound, like CHIRP.]

CHEER, ch[=e]r, _n._ disposition, frame of mind (with _good_, &c.): joy: a shout of approval or welcome: kind treatment: entertainment: fare, food.--_v.t._ to comfort: to encourage: to applaud: to inspirit--'to cheer up.'--_v.i._ in such phrases as 'How cheer'st thou?'--_refl._ as in 'Cheer thee.'--_n._ CHEER'ER, one who, or that which, cheers.--_adj._ CHEER'FUL, of good spirits: joyful: lively.--_advs._ CHEER'FULLY, CHEER'ILY.--_ns._ CHEER'FULNESS; CHEER'INESS; CHEER'ISHNESS (_Milton_), cheerfulness.--_adj._ CHEER'LESS, without comfort: gloomy.--_n._ CHEER'LESSNESS.--_adj._ CHEER'LY, cheerful.--_adv._ in a cheery manner: heartily.--_adj._ CHEER'Y, cheerful: promoting cheerfulness. [O. Fr. _chiere_, the countenance--Low L. _cara_, the face.]

CHEESE, ch[=e]z, _n._ a wholesome article of food, made into a round form, from the curd of milk coagulated by rennet, separated from the whey, and pressed into a hard mass.--_ns._ CHEESE'-CAKE, a cake made of soft curds, sugar, and butter, or whipped egg and sugar; CHEESE'-HOP'PER, the larva of a small fly, remarkable for its leaping power, found in cheese; CHEESE'-MITE, a very small insect which breeds in cheese; CHEESE'-MONG'ER, a dealer in cheese; CHEESE'-PAR'ING (_Shak._), paring, or rind, of cheese.--_adj._ mean and parsimonious.--_ns._ CHEESE'-PRESS, a machine in which curds for cheese are pressed; CHEESE'-RENN'ET, the plant Ladies' bed-straw, so called because used as rennet in curdling milk; CHEESE'-VAT, a vat or wooden case in which curds are pressed; CHEES'INESS.--_adj._ CHEES'Y, having the nature of cheese.--CHEESE IT (_slang_), stop, have done, run off.--GREEN CHEESE, cheese not yet dried.--TO MAKE CHEESES, to whirl round and then sink down suddenly so as to make the petticoats stand out like a cheese. [A.S. _c['e]se_, _c['y]se_, curdled milk (Ger. _k[:a]se_)--L. _caseus_.]

CHEESE, ch[=e]z, _n._ (_slang_) the correct thing, of excellent quality, [Colonel Yule explains it as Pers. and Hind. _ch[=i]z_, thing, the expression having formerly been common among young Anglo-Indians, e.g. 'These cheroots are the real _ch[=i]z_,' i.e. the real thing.]

CHEETAH, ch[=e]'tah, _n._ an Eastern animal like the leopard, used in hunting. [Hind, _ch[=i]t[=a]_--Sans. _chitraka_, _chitrak[=a]ya_, having a speckled body.]

CHEF, shef, _n._ a master-cook; a reliquary in the shape of a head.--_adj._ chief, as in CHEF D'OEUVRE, masterpiece, [Fr. See CHIEF.]

CHEIROMANCY, k[=i]'ro-man-si, _n._ the art of telling fortunes by the lineaments of the hand--also CHEIROS'OPHY.--_adj._ CHEIROSOPH'ICAL.--_n._ CHEIROS'OPHIST, [Gr. _cheir_, the hand, _manteia_, prophecy.]

CHEIROPTERA, k[=i]-rop't[.e]r-a, _n.pl._ the order of Bats.--_adj._ CHEIROP'TEROUS. [Gr. _cheir_, the hand, _pteron_, a wing.]

CHEIROTHERIUM, k[=i]-ro-th[=e]r'i-um, _n._ the name originally given to the Labyrinthodont, from its peculiar hand-like impressions in the Triassic rocks.--_adj._ CHEIROTH[=E]'RIAN. [Gr. _cheir_, hand, _th[=e]rion_, beast.]

CHELA, k[=e]'la, _n._ the prehensile claw of a crab or scorpion.--_adj._ CH[=E]'LATE.--_n._ CH[=E]'LIFER, the book-scorpion.--_adjs._ CHELIF'EROUS; CH[=E]'LIFORM. [L.,--Gr. _ch[=e]l[=e]_.]

CHELA, ch[=e]'la, _n._ a novice in esoteric Buddhism.--_n._ CH[=E]'LASHIP. [Hind. _ch[=e]l[=a]_, servant.]

CHELICERA, k[=e]l-is'er-a, _n._ a technical term, usually restricted to the biting organs which form the first pair of appendages in spiders, scorpions, and other Arachnida:--_pl._ CHELIC'ERAE (-r[=e]). [Gr. _ch[=e]l[=e]_, a crab's claw, _keras_, horn.]

CHELONIA, ke-l[=o]'ni-a, _n._ an order of vertebrate animals including the tortoise and turtle.--_adj._ and _n._ CHEL[=O]'NIAN. [Gr. _chel[=o]n[=e]_, a tortoise.]

CHEMISE, she-m[=e]z', _n._ a woman's shirt or sark, a smock or shift.--_n._ CHEMISETTE', a kind of bodice worn by women, the lace or muslin which fills up the open front of a woman's dress. [Fr. _chemise_--Low L. _camisia_, a nightgown, surplice.]

CHEMISTRY, kem'is-tri, formerly CHYM'ISTRY, _n._ the science which treats of the properties of substances both elementary and compound, and of the laws of their combination and action one upon another.--_adjs._ CHEM'IC, -AL (CHEM'ICO-, in many compound words), CHEMIAT'RIC (a Paracelsian term, Gr. _ch[=e]meia_, chemistry, _iatreia_, medical treatment).--_adv._ CHEM'ICALLY.--_n.pl._ CHEM'ICALS, substances which form the subject of chemical effects.--_ns._ CHEM'ISM, chemical action; CHEM'IST, one skilled in chemistry, specially a druggist or apothecary.--CHEMICAL AFFINITY, the name given to the tendency to combine with one another which is exhibited by many substances, or to the force by which the substances constituting a compound are held together; CHEMICAL NOTATION, a method of expressing the composition of chemical substances and representing chemical changes, by certain known symbols and formulae; CHEMICAL WORKS, manufactories where chemical processes are carried on for trade, as _alkali works_, &c. [From ALCHEMY (q.v.).]

CHEMITYPE, kemi'-t[=i]p, _n._ the chemical process for obtaining casts in relief from an engraving.--_n._ CHEM'ITYPY.

CHEMOSH, k[=e]'mosh, _n._ the national god of Moab: any false god.

CHENILLE, she-n[=e]l', _n._ a thick, velvety-looking cord of silk or wool (and so resembling a caterpillar), used in ornamental sewing and manufactured trimmings. [Fr. _chenille_, a caterpillar--L. _canicula_, a hairy little dog, _canis_, a dog.]

CHEQUE, CHECK, chek, _n._ a money order on a banker payable at demand.--_ns._ CHEQUE'-BOOK, a book containing cheque forms given by a bank to its customers; CHEQ'UER, CHECK'ER, a chess-board: alternation of colours, as on a chess-board: (_pl._) draughts: chess-men.--_v.t._ to mark in squares of different colours: to variegate: interrupt.--_adjs._ CHEQ'UERED, CHECK'ERED, variegated, like a chess-board: varying in character.--_ns._ CHEQ'UER-WORK, any pattern having alternating squares of different colours; BLANK'-CHEQUE, a cheque signed by the owner, but without having the amount to be drawn indicated; CROSS'-CHEQUE, an ordinary cheque with two transverse lines drawn across it, which have the effect of making it payable only through a banker. [See CHECK.]

CHERIMOYER, cher-i-moi'er, _n._ a Peruvian fruit resembling the custard-apple.--Also CHIRIMOY'A.

CHERISH, cher'ish, _v.t._ to protect and treat with affection: to nurture, nurse: to entertain in the mind.--_n._ CHER'ISHMENT. [Fr. _ch['e]rir_, _ch['e]rissant_--_cher_, dear--L. _carus_.]

CHEROOT, she-r[=oo]t', _n._ a cigar not pointed at either end. [Fr. _cheroute_, representing the Tamil name _shuruttu_, a roll (Colonel Yule).]

CHEROOT. See SHAYA-ROOT.

CHERRY, cher'i, _n._ a small bright-red stone-fruit: the tree that bears it.--_adj._ like a cherry in colour: ruddy.--_ns._ CHERR'Y-BRAND'Y, a pleasant liqueur made by steeping Morello cherries in brandy; CHERR'Y-LAU'REL, the common English name for the _Cerasus Lauro-Cerasus_ of Asia Minor; CHERR'Y-PEPP'ER, a West Indian species of _Capsicum_; CHERR'Y-PIE, a pie made of cherries; the common heliotrope; CHERR'Y-PIT, a game which consists in throwing cherry-stones into a small hole; CHERR'Y-STONE, the hard seed of the cherry. [A.S. _ciris_--L. _cerasus_--Gr. _kerasos_, a cherry-tree, said to be so named from _Cerasus_, a town in Pontus, from which the cherry was brought.]

CHERRY, cher'i, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to cheer.

CHERSONESE, ker'so-n[=e]z, _n._ a peninsula, [Gr. _cher-son[=e]sos_--_chersos_, land, dry land, _n[=e]sos_, an island.]

CHERT, ch[.e]rt, _n._ a kind of quartz or flint: hornstone.--_adj._ CHERT'Y, like or containing chert. [Prob. Celt.; Ir. _ceart_, a pebble.]

CHERUB, cher'ub, _n._ a winged creature with human face, represented as associated with Jehovah, esp. drawing his chariot-throne: a celestial spirit: a beautiful child:--_pl._ CHER'UBS, CHER'UBIM, CHER'UBIMS.--_adjs._ CHERU'BIC, -AL, CHERUBIM'IC, angelic.--_adv._ CHERU'BICALLY.--_n._ CHER'UBIN (_Shak._), a cherub. [Heb. _k'r[=u]b_, pl. _k'r[=u]b[=i]m_.]

CHERUP, cher'up, _v.t._ to urge on by chirruping.