Part 61

COWER, kow'er, _v.i._ to sink down through fear, &c.: to crouch, for protection or in fear.--_adv._ COW'ERINGLY. [Cf. Ice. _k['u]ra_, Dan. _kure_, to lie quiet.]

COWHAGE, kow'[=a]j, _n._ the hairs of the pods of a tropical climbing plant of the bean family, administered as a mechanical vermifuge, the pods themselves or the plant. [Hind. _kaw[=a]nch_, _ko[=a]nch_.]

COWL, kowl, _n._ a cap or hood: a monk's hood: the badge of monkhood: a monk: a cover for a chimney.--_v.t._ to make a monk of: to cover like a cowl.--_adj._ COWLED, wearing a cowl. [A.S. _cufle_; Ice. _cofl_; akin to L. _cucullus_, hood.]

COWL-STAFF, kowl'-staf, _n._ (_Shak._) a staff or pole on which a basket or vessel is supported between two persons. [O. Fr. _cuvele_--L. _cupella_, dim. of _cupa_, a cask, and staff.]

COWRIE, COWRY, kow'ri, _n._ a large genus of Gasteropods, including over a hundred species, some of which are familiar as decorative objects, and as a medium of exchange with uncivilised peoples. [Hindi _kaur[=i]_.]

COWSLIP, kow'slip, _n._ a beautiful and fragrant species of primrose, common in English pastures.--_adj._ COW'SLIP'D, covered with cowslips. [A.S. _c['u]_, cow, _slyppe_, perh. cow-dung.]

COXCOMB, koks'k[=o]m, _n._ a strip of red cloth notched like a cock's comb, which professional fools used to wear: a fool: a fop.--_adjs._ COXCOM'BICAL, COXCOM'ICAL, foppish: vain.--_n._ COXCOMBICAL'ITY.--_adv._ COXCOM'BICALLY.--_n._ COX'COMBRY, the manner of a coxcomb. [COCKSCOMB.]

COXINESS, koks'i-nes, _n._ state of being cocksy, bumptiousness.

COXSWAIN, COCKSWAIN, kok'sw[=a]n, or kok'sn, _n._ a seaman who steers a boat, and under the superior officer takes charge of it. [COCK, a boat, and SWAIN.]

COY, koy, _adj._ modest: bashful: shy.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to caress: (_Shak._) to disdain.--_adj._ COY'ISH, somewhat coy.--_adv._ COY'ISHLY.--_n._ COY'ISHNESS.--_adv._ COY'LY.--_n._ COY'NESS. [Fr. _coi_--L. _quietus_, quiet.]

COYOTE, ko-y[=o]t'e, _n._ a prairie wolf, abundant in Mexico and Texas. [Mex. _coyotl_.]

COYPU, koi'p[=oo], _n._ a large rodent in the porcupine section of the order, common in South America--living in burrows near water, feeding on aquatic plants. [Native name.]

COYSTREL, COYSTRIL. Same as COISTRIL.

COZ, kuz, _n._ a contraction of COUSIN.

COZE, k[=o]z, _n._ (_Jane Austen_) a cosy chat.

COZEN, kuz'n, _v.t._ to flatter: to cheat.--_ns._ COZ'ENAGE, the practice of cheating: deceit; COZ'ENER. [Perh. from Fr. _cousiner_, to claim kindred for one's own advantage, play the parasite--_cousin_, a cousin.]

COZIER, COSIER, k[=o]'zi-[.e]r, _n._ a cobbler. [O. Fr. _cousere_--L. _consu[)e]re_, to sew together.]

COZY. See COSY.

CRAB, krab, _n._ a popular name applied to any of the short-tailed division of decapod crustaceans: a sign in the zodiac: a portable winch: a sour-tempered person: the lowest throw at hazard--two aces.--_adj._ CRABB'ED, ill-natured: harsh: rough: difficult, perplexing.--_adv._ CRABB'EDLY.--_n._ CRABB'EDNESS.--_adj._ CRAB'-FACED, having a sour, peevish countenance.--_n._ CRAB'ITE, a fossil crab or crayfish.--_adj._ CRAB'-LIKE, moving like a crab.--_n._ CRAB'-LOUSE, a crab-shaped louse infesting the hair of the pubis, &c.--_n.pl._ CRAB'S'-EYES, the scarlet seeds of an East Indian bead-tree: a concretion of carbonate of lime in the stomach of the cray-fish.--_v.i._ CRAB'-S[=I]'DLE, to go sideways like a crab.--_n.pl._ CRAB'-YAWS, a name applied to the tumours of framboesia on the soles and palms.--CATCH A CRAB, in rowing, to sink the oar too deeply in the water: to miss the water altogether in making the stroke. [A.S. _crabba_; Ger. _krabbe_.]

CRAB, krab, CRAB-APPLE, krab'-ap-l, _n._ a wild bitter apple.--_ns._ CRAB'-STICK, a stick made out of the crab-tree; CRAB'-TREE, the tree that bears crab-apples.--_adj._ like a crab-tree, crooked. [Perh. conn. with CRABBED.]

CRAB-OIL, CRAB-WOOD. See CARAPA.

CRABRO, kr[=a]'br[=o], _n._ the typical genus of _Crabronidae_, a family of fossorial hymenopters: a hornet. [L.]

CRACK, krak, _v.i._ to utter a sharp sudden sound: to split: to boast: to chat.--_v.t._ to produce a sudden noise: to break into chinks: to split: to break partially or wholly: to open (a bottle).--_n._ a sudden sharp splitting sound: a chink: a flaw: a blow, a smack: friendly chat: (_slang_) housebreaking: a craze: one who has a craze: a pert boy.--_adj._ (_coll._) excellent.--_n._ CRACK'-BRAIN, a crazy person.--_adjs._ CRACK'-BRAINED; CRACKED, rent: damaged: crazy.--_ns._ CRACK'ER, one who or that which cracks: a boaster, a lie: the pin-tail duck: (_U.S._) a thin crisp biscuit: a bonbon, or a small firework, exploding when pulled asunder: (_U.S._) a poor white; CRACK'-HALT'ER, CRACK'-HEMP (_Shak._), CRACK'-ROPE, one likely to be hanged.--_adj._ CRACK'-JAW, of a word, hard to pronounce.--_ns._ CRACKS'MAN, a burglar; CRACK'-TRYST, one who breaks an engagement.--CRACK CREDIT, to destroy one's credit; CRACK TRYST, to break an engagement; CRACK UP, to praise. [A.S. _cracian_, to crack; cf. Dut. _kraken_, Gael. _crac_.]

CRACK, krak, _n._ (_Scot._) a moment, an instant.

CRACKLE, krak'l, _v.i._ to give out slight but frequent cracks.--_n._ the giving out of slight cracks.--_ns._ CRACK'LIN, a kind of china-ware, purposely cracked in the kiln as an ornament; CRACK'LING, the rind of roast pork: (_pl._) skinny parts of suet without tallow: three stripes of velvet worn on the sleeves of students at St John's College, Cambridge.--_adj._ CRACK'LY, brittle.--_n._ CRACK'NEL, a light, brittle biscuit: (_pl._) pieces of fat pork fried crisp.

CRACOVIAN, kra-k[=o]'vi-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Cracow_.--_ns._ CRACOVIENNE', a graceful Polish dance, resembling the mazourka: the music for such; CRAC'OWE, a long-toed boot fashionable under Richard II.

CRADLE, kr[=a]'dl, _n._ a bed or crib in which children are rocked: (_fig._) infancy: the place where one is born and brought up: a frame in which anything is imbedded: a case for a broken limb: a frame under a ship for launching it: a box on rockers for washing auriferous dirt.--_v.t._ to lay or rock in a cradle: to nurture.--_adj._ CR[=A]'DLED, laid in a cradle.--_ns._ CR[=A]'DLE-SCYTHE, a broad scythe used in a cradle for cutting grain; CR[=A]'DLE-WALK, an avenue arched over with trees; CR[=A]'DLING.--FROM THE CRADLE, from birth, from the first. [A.S. _cradol_; ety. obscure.]

CRAFT, kraft, _n._ cunning: artifice: dexterity: art: trade: occupation: small ships.--_v.i._ to exercise one's craft (_Shak._, _Cor._, IV. vi. 118).--_adv._ CRAFT'ILY.--_n._ CRAFT'INESS.--_adj._ CRAFT'LESS, free from craft.--_ns._ CRAFTS'MAN, one engaged in a craft; CRAFTS'MANSHIP, CRAFT'MANSHIP; CRAFTS'MASTER, one skilled in a craft.--_adj._ CRAFT'Y, having skill: cunning: deceitful. [A.S. _craeft_; Ger. _kraft_, power.]

CRAG, krag, _n._ a rough steep rock or point: (_geol._) a bed of gravel mixed with shells.--_adjs._ CRAG'GED, CRAG'GY, full of crags or broken rocks: rough: rugged.--_ns._ CRAG'GEDNESS, CRAG'GINESS; CRAGS'MAN, one skilled in climbing rocks. [W. _craig_, a rock, _car-eg_, a stone; Gael. _creag_, _carraig_.]

CRAG, CRAGGE, krag, _n._ the neck.--Scotch forms, CRAIG, CRAIG'IE. [Cf. Dut. _kraag_, Ger. _kragen_, the neck.]

CRAKE, kr[=a]k, _v.i._ to utter a cry like a crow, &c.--_n._ CRAKE'-BERR'Y, the crow-berry.

CRAKE, kr[=a]k, _n._ a crow, raven, corncrake: (_obs._) a boast. [See CORNCRAKE.]

CRAM, kram, _v.t._ to press close: to stuff: to fill to superfluity: (_slang_) to make believe false or exaggerated tales: to teach for a special examination, only giving instruction useful for passing that examination.--_v.i._ to eat greedily: to get up a subject by cram:--_pr.p._ cram'ming; _pa.p._ crammed.--_n._ a crush: (_slang_) a lie: information that has been crammed: the system of cramming.--_adjs._ CRAM'-FULL; CRAM'MABLE; CRAMMED.--_n._ CRAM'MER, one who prepares students for examination by cramming them. [A.S. _crammian_; Ice. _kremja_, to squeeze; Dan. _kramme_, to crumple.]

CRAMBO, kram'bo, _n._ a game in which one gives a word to which another finds a rhyme: rime.--_ns._ CRAM'BOCLINK, -JINGLE, riming. [Prob. from L. _crambe repetita_, cabbage served up again.]

CRAMBUS, kram'bus, _n._ a genus of pyralid moths, the veneers or grass-moths--family _Crambidae_, subfamily _Crambinae_. [Gr. _krambos_, dry.]

CRAME, kr[=a]m, _n._ (_Scot._) a booth for selling goods.

CRAMOISY, kram'oiz-i, CRAMESY, kram'ez-i, _adj._ and _n._ crimson. [See CRIMSON.]

CRAMP, kramp, _n._ an involuntary and painful contraction of a voluntary muscle or group of muscles: restraint: a piece of iron bent at the ends, for holding together wood, stone, &c.: a tool used by carpenters and others, having a movable part which can be screwed tight so as to press things together.--_adj._ hard to make out (used of handwriting): cramped: narrow.--_v.t._ to affect with spasms: to confine: to hinder: to fasten with a cramp-iron.--_ns._ CRAMP'BARK, the popular American name of the medicinal _Viburnum Oxycoccus_; CRAMP'-BONE, the patella of the sheep, an old charm for cramp; CRAMP'-FISH, the electric ray or torpedo; CRAMP'-[=I]'RON, a piece of metal bent at both ends for binding things together; CRAMP'ON, a grappling-iron: a pointed plate for the foot in hill-climbing; CRAMP'-RING, a ring formerly blessed by the sovereign on Good-Friday against cramp and the falling sickness.--_adj._ CRAMP'Y, affected or diseased with cramp: producing cramp.--BATHER'S CRAMP, the popular name for paralysis attacking a person while bathing; WRITER'S CRAMP, or _Scrivener's palsy_, a common disease affecting those in the habit of constant writing, the muscles refusing to obey only on attempting to write. [O. Fr. _crampe_; cf. Dut. _kramp_, Ger. _krampf_.]

CRAN, kran, _n._ a measure of capacity in Scotland for herrings when just taken out of the net. It amounts to 37-1/2 imperial gallons, and comprises about 750 herrings on an average.--COUP THE CRAN (_Scot._), to be upset. [Prob. from Gael. _crann_, a measure.]

CRANBERRY, kran'ber-i, _n._ a genus of small evergreen shrubs growing in peaty bogs and marshy grounds: the berry much used for tarts. [For _crane-berry_; a late word; origin obscure; cf. Ger. _kranbeere_ or _kranich-beere_.]

CRANCH. Same as CRAUNCH.

CRANE, kr[=a]n, _n._ a large wading bird, with long legs, neck, and bill: a bent pipe for drawing liquor out of a cask: a machine for raising heavy weights--both named from their likeness to the bird.--_v.t._ to raise with a crane.--_v.i._ to stretch out the neck: to pull up before a jump.--_ns._ CRAN'AGE, the use of a crane: the price paid for the use of it; CRANE'-FLY, a genus of dipterous insects, nearly allied to the gnats, with very long legs.--_adj._ CRANE'-NECKED.--_n._ CRANE'S'-BILL, the Geranium, from a lengthened appendage of the seed-vessel. [A.S. _cran_; Ger. _kranich_, W. _garan_.]

CRANE. Same as CRANIUM.

CRANIUM, kr[=a]'ni-um, _n._ the skull: the bones enclosing the brain.--_adj._ CR[=A]'NIAL, pertaining to the cranium.--_n._ CRANIOG'NOMY, cranial physiognomy.--_adj._ CRANIOLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ CRANIOL'OGIST, one skilled in craniology; CRANIOL'OGY, the study of skulls: phrenology; CRANIOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the skull; CRANIOM'ETRY, the measurement of skulls; CRANINOS'COPIST, a phrenologist; CRANIOS'COPY, phrenology; CRANIOT'OMY (_obstetrics_), the act of breaking down the head of the foetus. [Low L. _cranium_--Gr. _kranion_, from _kar[=e]_, the head.]

CRANK, krangk, _n._ a crook or bend: a conceit in speech: a whim: (_mach._) a lever or arm on a shaft, driven by hand or by a connecting-rod, its object being to convert reciprocating motion into rotary motion.--_v.i._ to move in a zizag manner.--_v.t._ to shape like a crank: to provide with a crank.--_adj._ crooked: crabbed: loose or slack.--_adv._ CRANK'ILY.--_n._ CRANK'INESS.--_adj._ CRANK'Y, crooked: infirm: full of whims: cross. [M. E. _kranke_--A.S. _crincan_, to yield; cf. Ger. _krank_.]

CRANK, krangk, _adj._ brisk: merry. [Origin unknown.]

CRANK, krangk, CRANK-SIDED, krangk-s[=i]'ded, _adj._ (_naut._) liable to be upset--_n._ CRANK'NESS, liability to be upset. [Ety. uncertain.]

CRANKLE, krangk'l, CRINKLE, kringk'l, _n._ a turn, winding, or wrinkle, an angular protuberance.--_v.t._ to bend: to twist.

CRANNOG, kran'og, _n._ the name given in Scotland and Ireland to a fortified island (partly natural and partly artificial) in a lake, once used as a dwelling-place and place of refuge. [Gael. _crann_, a tree.]

CRANNY, kran'i, _n._ a rent: a chink: a secret place.--_v.i._ to enter crannies.--_adj._ CRANN'IED, having crannies, rents, or fissures. [Fr. _cran_, a notch.]

CRANREUCH, kran'ruh, _n._ (_Scot._) hoar-frost. [Gael.]

CRANTS, krantz, _n._ (_Shak._) the garland carried before the bier of a maiden and hung over her grave. [From Ger. _kranz_, a wreath, a garland.]

CRAPE, kr[=a]p, _n._ a thin silk fabric, tightly twisted, without removing the natural gum--usually dyed black, used for mournings.--_adj._ made of crape.--_v.t._ to clothe with crape: to frizzle (hair).--_adj._ CRAP'Y. [O. Fr. _crespe_ (Fr. _cr[^e]pe_)--L. _crispus_, crisp.]

CRAPPIT-HEAD, krap'it-hed, _n._ a haddock's head stuffed with a compound of oatmeal, suet, onions, and pepper. [_Crappit_, from a Scotch word, _crap_, to cram.]

CRAPULENCE, krap'[=u]-lens, _n._ sickness caused by an overdose of drink.--_adjs._ CRAP'ULOUS, CRAP'ULENT. [Fr. _crapule_--L. _crapula_, intoxication.]

CRARE, CRAYER, kr[=a]r, _n._ a trading vessel. [O. Fr. _craier_--Late L. _craiera_; origin dub.]

CRASE. Obsolete form of CRAZE.

CRASH, krash, _n._ a noise as of things breaking or being crushed by falling; the shock of two bodies meeting: the failure of a commercial undertaking.--_v.i._ to fall to pieces with a loud noise: to move with such a noise.--_v.t._ to dash in pieces. [From the sound.]

CRASH, krash, _n._ a coarse strong linen.

CRASIS, kr[=a]'sis, _n._ the mixture of different elements in the constitution of the body: temperament: (_gram._) the mingling or contraction of two vowels into one long vowel, or into a diphthong. [Gr. _krasis_--_kerannynai_, to mix.]

CRASS, kras, _adj._ gross: thick: dense: stupid.--_ns._ CRASSAMENT'UM, the thick part of coagulated blood: the clot; CRASS'ITUDE, coarseness: density: stupidity.--_adv._ CRASS'LY.--_n._ CRASS'NESS.--_n.pl._ CRASSUL[=A]'CEAE, an order of herbaceous or shrubby, succulent plants--including the _Stone-crop_ and _House-leek_. [O. Fr. _cras_--L. _crassus_.]

CRATAEGUS, kra-t[=e]'gus, _n._ a genus of thorny shrubs, of the rose family, in north temperate regions. [Gr.]

CRATCH, krach, _n._ a crib to hold hay for cattle, a manger.--_n.pl._ CRATCHES, a swelling on a horse's pastern, under the fetlock. [Fr. _cr[`e]che_, a manger; from a Teut. root, whence also crib.]

CRATE, kr[=a]t, _n._ a wicker-work case for packing crockery in, or for carrying fruit. [L. _cratis_, a hurdle. See CRADLE.]

CRATER, kr[=a]t'[.e]r, _n._ the bowl-shaped mouth of a volcano.--_adjs._ CRAT'ERIFORM, or CRATER'IFORM, shaped like a crater; CRAT'EROUS. [L.,--Gr. _krat[=e]r_, a large bowl for mixing wine, from _kerannynai_, to mix.]

CRAUNCH, kranch. A form of CRUNCH.

CRAVAT, kra-vat', _n._ a kind of neckcloth worn chiefly by men.--_v.t._ to dress in a cravat.--_adj._ CRAVAT'TED, wearing a cravat. [Fr. _cravate_--introduced in 1636 from the _Cravates_ or Croatians.]

CRAVE, kr[=a]v, _v.t._ to beg earnestly: to beseech: to demand or require: to long for.--_ns._ CRAV'ER, one who craves: a beggar; CRAV'ING, desire: longing. [A.S. _crafian_, to crave; Ice. _krefja_.]

CRAVEN, kr[=a]v'n, _n._ a coward: a spiritless fellow.--_adj._ cowardly: spiritless.--_v.t._ to render spiritless.--_adv._ CRAV'ENLY.--_n._ CRAV'ENNESS.--TO CRY CRAVEN, to surrender. [M. E. _cravant_--O. Fr.

## participle _cravant['e]_, corresponding to L. _crepant-em_, _crep[=a]re_,

to rattle, to break; some explain M. E. _cravant_ as O. Fr. _creant_, as in _recreant_.]

CRAW, kraw, _n._ the crop, throat, or first stomach of fowls: the stomach of animals generally. [M. E. _crawe_; not found in A.S.; cf. Dut. _kraag_, neck.]

CRAWFISH. See CRAYFISH.

CRAWL, krawl, _v.i._ to move slowly along the ground, as a worm: to creep: to move feebly, stealthily, or sneakingly: to be covered with crawling things.--_n._ the act of crawling.--_ns._ CRAWL'ER, one who or that which crawls: a reptile; CRAWL'ING.--_adv._ CRAWL'Y (_coll._), with a creepy feeling. [Scand.; Ice. _krafla_, Dan. _kravle_; Ger. _krabbeln_, to creep.]

CRAWL, krawl, _n._ a pen for keeping fish: a kraal.

CRAX, kraks, _n._ the typical genus of birds of family _Cracidae_.

CRAYFISH, kr[=a]'fish, CRAWFISH, kraw'fish, _n._ a large fresh-water crustacean in the long-tailed division of the order _Decapoda_: the small spiny lobster. [M. E. _crevice_--O. Fr. _crevice_ (Fr. _['e]crevisse_, a crayfish)--Old High Ger. _krebiz_, a CRAB.]

CRAYON, kr[=a]'on, _n._ a pencil made of chalk or pipeclay, variously coloured, used for drawing: a drawing done with crayons.--_v.t._ to draw with a crayon.--IN CRAYONS, of a picture, made by crayons. [Fr. _crayon_--_craie_, chalk, from L. _creta_, chalk.]

CRAZE, kr[=a]z, _v.t._ to weaken: to derange (applied to the intellect): (_obs._) to break.--_v.i._ to become mad.--_n._ a crack or flaw: insanity.--_adj._ CRAZED, deranged.--_adv._ CRAZ'ILY.--_ns._ CRAZ'INESS; CRAZ'ING-MILL, a mill for crushing tin-ore.--_adj._ CRAZ'Y, frail: insane: demented. [Scand.; Sw. _krasa_, Dan. _krase_, to crackle; whence also Fr. _['e]craser_, to crush.]

CREAGH, CREACH, kreh, _n._ a foray, raid: booty. [Gael.]

CREAK, kr[=e]k, _v.i._ to make a sharp, grating sound, as of a hinge, &c.--_n._ a grating noise, as of an unoiled hinge.--_adv._ CREAK'ILY.--_adj._ CREAK'Y. [From the sound, like _crake_ and _croak_.]

CREAM, kr[=e]m, _n._ the oily substance which forms on milk, yielding butter when churned: the best part of anything: any cream-like preparation, as _cold cream_ for the skin, &c., or any dish largely made of cream, or like cream, as _chocolate-cream_, _ice-cream_, _whipped-cream_, &c.--_v.t._ to take off the cream.--_v.i._ to gather or form cream.--_ns._ CREAM'-CAKE, a kind of cake filled with custard made of cream, &c.; CREAM'-CHEESE, cheese made of cream.--_adj._ CREAM'-COL'OURED, of the colour of cream, light yellow.--_n._ CREAM'ERY, an establishment where butter and cheese are made from the milk supplied by a number of producers: a shop for milk, butter, &c.--_adj._ CREAM'-FACED, pale-faced.--_ns._ CREAM'-FRUIT, the fruit of a creeping West African plant of the dogbane family, yielding a cream-like juice; CREAM'INESS.--_adj._ CREAM'-LAID, of a cream-colour and laid, or bearing linear water-lines as if laid.--_ns._ CREAM'-NUT, the Brazil nut; CREAM'-SLICE, a wooden blade for skimming cream from milk.--_adjs._ CREAM'-WOVE, woven of a cream-colour; CREAM'Y, full of or like cream: gathering like cream.--CREAM OF TARTAR, a white crystalline compound made by purifying argol, bitartrate of potash. [O. Fr. _cresme_, _creme_--L. _chrisma_.]

CREANCE, kr[=e]'ans, _n._ the cord which secures the hawk while being trained. [Fr.]

CREANT, kr[=e]'ant, _adj._ creating: formative.

CREASE, kr[=e]s, _n._ a mark made by folding or doubling anything: (_cricket_) a line indicating the boundaries of a particular space, as the position of a batter and bowler.--_v.t._ to make creases in anything.--_v.i._ to become creased.--_adj._ CREAS'Y, full of creases. [Prob. Celt., as Bret. _kr[=i]z_, &c.]

CREASE. See CREESE.

CREASOTE. See CREOSOTE.

CREATE, kr[=e]-[=a]t', _v.t._ to bring into being or form out of nothing: to beget: to form: to invest with a new form, office, or character: to produce.--_adj._ CRE[=A]T'ABLE.--_n._ CRE[=A]'TION, the act of creating, esp. the universe: that which is created, the world, the universe.--_adj._ CRE[=A]'TIONAL.--_ns._ CRE[=A]'TIONISM, the theory of special creation, opp. to _Evolutionism_: the theory that God immediately creates a soul for every human being born--opp. to _Traducianism_; CRE[=A]'TIONIST.--_adj._ CRE[=A]'TIVE, having power to create: that creates.--_adv._ CRE[=A]'TIVELY.--_ns._ CRE[=A]'TIVENESS; CRE[=A]'TOR, he who creates: a maker:--_fem._ CRE[=A]'TRIX, CRE[=A]'TRESS; CRE[=A]'TORSHIP.--_adjs._ CREA'TURAL, CREA'TURELY, pertaining to a creature or thing created.--_ns._ CREATURE (kr[=e]'t[=u]r), whatever has been created, animate or inanimate, esp. every animated being, an animal, a man: a term of contempt or of endearment: a dependent, instrument, or puppet; CREA'TURESHIP.--THE CREATOR, the Supreme Being, God.--CREATURE COMFORTS, material comforts, food, &c.: liquor, esp. whisky. [L. _cre[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_; Gr. _krain-ein_, to fulfil.]

CREATINE, kr[=e]'a-tin, _n._ a constant and characteristic constituent of the striped muscle of vertebrates--also KRE'ATINE.--_adj._ CREAT'IC, relating to flesh.--_n._ CRE'ATININE, dehydrated form, a constant constituent of urine, found also in fish muscles. [Gr. _kreas_, _kreatos_, flesh.]

CR[`E]CHE, kresh, _n._ a sort of public nursery for children, while their mothers are at work. [Fr.]

CREDENCE, kr[=e]'dens, _n._ belief: trust: the small table beside the altar on which the bread and wine are placed before being consecrated.--_n._ CREDEN'DUM, a thing to be believed, an act of faith:--_pl._ CREDENDA.--_adjs._ CR[=E]'DENT, easy of belief; CREDEN'TIAL, giving a title to belief or credit.--_n._ that which entitles to credit or confidence: (_pl._) esp. the letters by which one claims confidence or authority among strangers.--_ns._ CREDIBIL'ITY, CRED'IBLENESS.--_adj._ CREDIBLE (kred'-), that may be believed.--_adv._ CRED'IBLY.--_n._ CRED'IT, belief: esteem: reputation: honour: good character: sale on trust: time allowed for payment: the side of an account on which payments received are entered: a sum placed at a person's disposal in a bank on which he may draw to its amount.--_v.t._ to believe: to trust: to sell or lend to on trust: to enter on the credit side of an account: to set to the credit of.--_adj._ CRED'ITABLE, trustworthy: bringing credit or honour.--_n._ CRED'ITABLENESS.--_adv._ CRED'ITABLY.--_ns._ CRED'ITOR, one to whom a debt is due:--_fem._ CRED'ITRIX; CR[=E]'DO, the Creed, or a musical setting of it for church services; CRED[=U]'LITY, credulousness: disposition to believe on insufficient evidence.--_adj._ CRED'ULOUS, easy of belief: apt to believe without sufficient evidence: unsuspecting.--_adv._ CRED'ULOUSLY.--_ns._ CRED'ULOUSNESS; CREED, a summary of articles of religious belief, esp. those called the Apostles', Nicene, and Athanasian: any system of belief. [Fr.,--Low L. _credentia_--L. _credent-_, believing, pr.p. of _cred[)e]re_.]

CREEK, kr[=e]k, _n._ a small inlet or bay of the sea, or the tidal estuary of a river: any turn or winding: in America and Australia, a small river.--_adj._ CREEK'Y, full of creeks: winding. [Prob. Scand., Ice. _kriki_, a nook; cf. Dut. _kreek_, a bay.]

CREEL, kr[=e]l, _n._ a basket, esp. an angler's basket. [Prob. Celt; cf. Old Ir. _criol_, a chest.]

CREEP, kr[=e]p, _v.i._ to move on the belly, like a snake: to move slowly: to grow along the ground or on supports, as a vine: to fawn or cringe: to have the physical sensation of something creeping over or under the skin: to shudder at from fear or repugnance: to drag with a creeper, as a river-bottom:--_pr.p._ creep'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ crept.--_ns._ CREEP'ER, a creeping plant: a genus of small climbing birds; CREEP'-HOLE, a hole into which to creep: a subterfuge; CREEP'IE, a low stool, the old Scotch stool of repentance.--_adv._ CREEP'INGLY.--_adj._ CREEP'Y. [A.S. _cre['o]pan_; Dut. _kruipen_.]

CREESE, CREASE, kr[=e]s, _n._ a Malay dagger with a wavy blade--also KRIS.--_v.t._ to stab with a creese.

CREESH, kr[=e]sh, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to grease.--_n._ grease.--_adj._ CREESH'Y. [O. Fr. _craisse_--L. _crassus_, fat.]

CREMAILLERE, kre-mal-y[=a]r', _n._ a line of fortification built zigzag to give wider range in firing. [Fr.]

CREMATION, krem-[=a]'shun, _n._ act of burning, esp. of the dead.--_v.t._ CREMATE'.--_ns._ CREM[=A]'TIONIST, one who advocates cremation; CREMAT'OR, CREMAT[=O]R'IUM, CREM'ATORY, a place where cremation is done.--_adj._ CREMAT[=O]R'IAL. [L.,--_crem[=a]re_, to burn.]

CREMONA, krem-[=o]'na, _n._ a superior kind of violin made at _Cremona_ in Italy.--_adj._ CREMONESE'.

CREMOR, kr[=e]'mor, _n._ thick juice.

CREMOSIN, krem'[=o]-zin, _n._ crimson (_Spens._).

CRENATE, -D, kr[=e]'n[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._) having the edge notched.--_ns._ CR[=E]'NA, a furrow or notch; CREN[=A]'TION; CREN'ATURE.--_adjs._ CREN'ULATE, -D, finely notched or crenate. [L. _crena_, a notch.]

CRENEL, kren'el, CRENELLE, kre-nel', _n._ (_archit._) an opening in a parapet for shooting through: a battlement--dim. CREN'ELET.--_n._ CRENAUX (kr[=e]'n[=o]), crenellations or loopholes in a fortress.--_v.t._ CREN'ELLATE.--_adjs._ CRENELL[=A]T'ED, furnished with battlements: indented.--_n._ CRENELL[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ CRENELLE' (_her._), embattled; CRENELLED', having embrasures. [Fr.,--Low L. _crena_, a notch.]

CREOLE, kr[=e]'[=o]l, _n._ and _adj._ strictly applied in the former Spanish, French, and Portuguese colonies of America, Africa, and the East Indies to natives of pure European blood (_sangre azul_), in opposition to immigrants themselves born in Europe, or to the offspring of mixed blood, as mulattoes, quadroons, Eurasians, &c.: (_U.S._) applied only to the native French stock in Louisiana: a negro born in the West Indies--earlier CRE[=O]'LIAN. [Fr. _cr['e]ole_--Sp. _criollo_, contr. of _criadillo_, 'a little nursling,' dim. of _criado_--_criar_, lit. to create, also to bring up, to nurse--L. _cre[=a]re_.]

CREOPHAGOUS, kr[=e]-of'a-gus, _adj._ flesh-eating. [Gr. _kreas_, flesh, _phagein_, to eat.]

CREOSOTE, kr[=e]'o-s[=o]t, CREASOTE, kr[=e]'a-s[=o]t, _n._ an oily, colourless liquid obtained from the tar produced by the destructive distillation of wood. [Gr. _kreas_, flesh, _s[=o]t[=e]r_, saviour--_s[=o]z-ein_, to save.]

CREPANCE, kr[=e]'pans, _n._ a wound on a horse's hind ankle-joint, caused by striking with the shoe of the other hind-foot.--Also CR[=E]'PANE. [L. _crep[=a]re_, to break.]

CR[^E]PE, kr[=a]p, _v.t._ to frizz, as hair. [See CRAPE.]

CREPITATE, krep'i-t[=a]t, _v.i._ to crackle, snap.--_adj._ CREP'ITANT, crackling.--_n._ CREPIT[=A]'TION, the characteristic sound detected in the lungs by auscultation.--_adj._ CREP'IT[=A]TIVE.--_n._ CREP'ITUS. [L. _crepit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, freq. of _crep[=a]re_, to crack, rattle.]

CREPON, krep'on, _n._ a woollen or silk crapy stuff. [Fr.]

CREPT, krept, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of CREEP.

CREPUSCULAR, kre-pus'k[=u]-lar, _adj._ of or pertaining to twilight--also CREPUS'CULOUS.--_ns._ CREPUS'CULE, CREPUS'CLE, twilight. [L. _crepusculum_--_creper_, dusky, obscure.]

CRESCENDO, kres-en'd[=o], _adv._ (_mus._) gradually increasing in force or loudness.--_n._ a passage marked by this.--Often _cres._, _cresc._, or [Crescendo symbol].

CRESCENT, kres'ent, _adj._ increasing: shaped like the new or old moon.--_n._ the moon as she increases towards half-moon: a figure like the crescent moon, as that on the Turkish standard: the standard itself: the Turkish power: a range of buildings in curved form.--_n._ CRES'CENTADE, a religious war for Islam.--_adjs._ CRES'CENTED, CRESCENT'IC, formed like a crescent; CRES'CIVE (_Shak._), increasing. [L. _crescens_, _crescent-is_, pr.p. of _cresc[)e]re_, to grow.]

CRESS, kres, _n._ the name of several species of plants like the water-cress, which grow in moist places, and have pungent leaves used as salads and medicinally.--_adj._ CRESS'Y, abounding in cresses. [A.S. _cresse_, _cerse_; cf. Dut. _kers_, Ger. _kresse_.]

CRESSET, kres'et, _n._ an iron basket, jar, or open lamp filled with combustible material, placed on a beacon, lighthouse, wharf, &c.: a torch generally. [O. Fr. _cresset_, _crasset_ (Fr. _creuset_)--Old Dut. _kruysel_, a hanging lamp.]