Part 5

AERIE, [=a]'ri, or [=e]'ri, _n._ the nest of any bird of prey, esp. an eagle: a house perched on some high or steep place: (_Shak._) the brood in the nest, or a stock of children.--Also AERY, EYRIE, EYRY. [O. Fr. _aire_; Low L. _aeria_, _aerea_--L. _area_, a spot of level ground. The form EYRY seems to have been originally due to a confusion with M. E. _ey_, an egg.]

AERIFEROUS, [=a]-[.e]r-if'[.e]r-us, _adj._ carrying or containing air. [L. _aer_, air, and _ferre_, to carry.]

AERIFORM, [=a]'[.e]r-i-form, _adj._ having the form or nature of air or gas: unsubstantial, unreal. [L. _aer_, air, and _forma_, form.]

AERIFY, [=a]'[.e]r-i-f[=i], _v.t._ to change from a solid or liquid state into air or gas: to fill or combine with air.--_n._ AERIFIC[=A]'TION, act of being aerified or changed from a solid or liquid state into air or gas: act of combining air with anything: state of being filled with air. [L. _aer_, air, and _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

AEROBIA, [=a]-[.e]r-[=o]'bi-a, _n.pl._ (_biol._) bacteria that require free oxygen for the maintenance of their vitality.--_adj._ AER[=O]'BIC.

AERODYNAMICS, [=a]-[.e]r-o-di-nam'iks, _n._ the science of the motion of the air and other gases, and of their mechanical effects when in motion. [Gr. _a[=e]r_, _aeros_, air, and _dynamis_, power.]

AEROLITE, [=a]'[.e]r-o-l[=i]t, _n._ a meteoric stone or meteorite--also A'EROLITH.--_n._ AEROLITHOL'OGY, that branch of science which treats of aerolites.--_adj._ AEROLIT'IC. [Gr. _a[=e]r_, air, _lithos_, a stone.]

AEROLOGY, [=a]-[.e]r-ol'o-ji, _n._ the branch of science which treats of the atmosphere.--_adj._ AEROLOG'ICAL.--_n._ AEROL'OGIST. [Gr. _a[=e]r_, _aeros_, air, _logos_, discourse.]

AEROMANCY, [=a]-[.e]r-om'an-si, _n._ divination by means of atmospheric phenomena: weather forecasting. [Fr.--L.--Gr. _a[=e]r_, air, _manteia_, divination.]

AEROMETER, [=a]-[.e]r-om'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the weight or density of air and gases. [Gr. _a[=e]r_, and METER.]

AEROMETRY, [=a]-[.e]r-om'e-tri, _n._ the measuring of the air, now called pneumatics.--_adj._ AEROMET'RIC. [Gr. _a[=e]r_, _aeros_, air, _metron_, a measure.]

AERONAUT, [=a]'[.e]r-o-nawt, _n._ one who makes ascents in a balloon.--_adjs._ AERONAUT'IC, AERONAUT'ICAL.--_n._ AERONAUT'ICS, the science or art of aerial navigation. [Gr. _a[=e]r_, air, _naut[=e]s_, sailor.]

AEROPHYTE, [=a]'[.e]r-o-f[=i]t, _n._ a plant nourished by the air, as epiphytal orchids and many lichens. [Gr. _a[=e]r_, air, _phyton_, a plant.]

AEROSTAT, [=a]'[.e]r-o-stat, _n._ a machine formed to sustain weights in the air: a flying machine--sometimes applied in the newspapers to the aeronaut himself.--_adj._ AEROSTAT'IC--_n._ AEROST[=A]'TION, the art of raising and guiding balloons. [Gr. _a[=e]r_, _aeros_, air, and _statos_, standing--_hist[=e]mi_, I cause to stand.]

AEROSTATICS, [=a]-[.e]r-o-stat'iks, _n._ the science of the equilibrium of air or of elastic fluids: the science of raising and guiding balloons. [Gr. _a[=e]r_, air, _statikos_, relating to equilibrium. See STATICS.]

AERUGINOUS, [=e]-roo'ji-nus, _adj._ pertaining to or like copper-rust or verdigris. [L. _aeruginosus_--_aerugo_, _aeruginis_, rust of copper--_aes_, _aeris_, brass, copper.]

AERY, [=a]'[.e]r-i, _adj._ aerial, incorporeal, spiritual, visionary.--_adj._ AE'RYLIGHT (_Milton_), light as air.--As a noun, AERY is a variant spelling of AERIE.

AESTHETICS, [=e]s-thet'iks, _n._ the feeling of beauty in objects, the principles of taste and of art: the philosophy of the fine arts.--_n._ AES'THETE, a professed disciple of aestheticism, one who affects an extravagant love of art.--_adjs._ AESTHET'IC, AESTHET'ICAL, pertaining to aesthetics.--_adv._ AESTHET'ICALLY.--_ns._ AESTHETI'CIAN, AESTHET'ICIST, one devoted to aesthetics; AESTHET'ICISM, the principles of aesthetics: the cult of the beautiful, applied esp. to an art movement in London in the last quarter of the 19th century, which aimed at carrying art into every home and every relation of life, but made itself ridiculous by its fantastic and superficial dogmatism, and its puerility.--_v.t._ AESTHET'ICIZE, to render aesthetic, to refine. [Gr. _aisth[=e]tikos_, perceptive--_aisthanesthai_, to feel or perceive.]

AESTIVAL, es-t[=i]'val, _adj._ pertaining to the summer. [L. _aestivalis_--_aestas_, summer.]

AESTIVATION, es-ti-v[=a]'shun, _n._ (_bot._) the manner of folding of the petals in the flower-bud: (_zool._) the act of remaining dormant during the dry season--opposed to _Hibernation_: (_Bacon_) the passing of the summer: a summer retreat. [L. _aestivus_, relating to summer--_aestas_, summer.]

AETHRIOSCOPE, [=e]'thri-o-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for measuring the minute variations of temperature due to the condition of the sky. [Gr. _aithria_, the open sky, _skopos_, an observer.]

AETIOLOGY, [=e]-ti-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science or philosophy of causation, esp. an inquiry into the origin and causes of a disease.--_adj._ AETIOLOG'ICAL. [L.--Gr. _aitiologia_--_aitia_, cause, _logos_, discourse.]

AFAR, a-f[:a]r', _adv._ from a far distance (usually preceded by _from_): to a distance (usually followed by _off_). [A.S. _feor_, with prep. _of_ or _on_. See FAR.]

AFEAR, AFFEAR, a-f[=e]r', _v.t._ (_obs._) to terrify.--_adj._ AFEARD' (_Shak._), affected with fear, afraid. [Pfx. _a-_, and A.S. _faeran_, to frighten.]

AFFABLE, af'fa-bl, _adj._ condescending: easy to be spoken to (used with _to_).--_ns._ AFFABIL'ITY, AF'FABLENESS.--_adv._ AF'FABLY. [Fr.--L. _affabilis_--_aff[=a]ri_, to speak to--_ad_, to, and _f[=a]ri_, to speak.]

AFFAIR, af-f[=a]r', _n._ that which is to be done: business: any small matter: a battle of minor importance: a matter of intimate personal concern, as a duel--a so-called affair of honour, or an intrigue: (_pl._) transactions in general: public concerns. [O. Fr. _afaire_ (Fr. _affaire_)--_[`a]_ and _faire_--L. _ad_, and _fac[)e]re_, to do. Cf. ADO.]

AFFAMISH, af-fam'ish, _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_obs._) to cause to perish from hunger. [Fr. _affamer_--L. _ad_, to, _fames_, hunger.]

AFFECT, af-fekt', _v.t._ to act upon: to produce a change upon: to move the feelings: to assign, apply (only in _pass_.).--_adj._ AFFECT'ED, touched with a feeling either for or against (with _by_): full of affectation: feigned.--_adv._ AFFECT'EDLY.--_n._ AFFECT'EDNESS.--_adj._ AFFECT'ING, having power to move the passions: pathetic.--_adv._ AFFECT'INGLY. [L. _affic[)e]re_, _affectum_--_ad_, to, _fac[)e]re_, to do.]

AFFECT, af-fekt', _v.t._ to make a show or pretence of, to assume, to counterfeit or pretend to, to take upon one's self to: (_obs._) to aim at, seek to obtain: (_arch._) have a liking for, to love: to practise, wear, or frequent: to haunt or inhabit by preference.--_n._ AFFECT[=A]'TION, a striving after, or an attempt to assume, what is not natural or real: pretence. [L. _affect[=a]re_, freq. of _affic[)e]re_. See AFFECT above.]

AFFECTION, af-fek'shun, _n._ kindness or love: attachment: (_Shak._) affectation: an attribute or property: a disposition of mind: a disease or abnormal state of body or mind.--_adjs._ AFFEC'TIONAL; AFFEC'TIONATE, full of affection: loving: (_obs._) eager, passionate, well inclined to; AFFEC'TIONATED (_obs._).--_adv._ AFFEC'TIONATELY.--_n._ AFFEC'TIONATENESS.--_adj._ AFFEC'TIONED (_B._), affected, disposed: (_Shak._) full of affectation. [L. See AFFECT.]

AFFEER, af-f[=e]r', _v.t._ to fix the market value of: to reduce to a certain fixed sum.--_adj._ AFFEERED' (_Shak._), confirmed.--_n._ AFFEER'MENT. [O. Fr. _affeurer_--Low L. _affor[=a]re_--L. _ad_, to, _forum_, a market.]

AFFERENT, af'f[.e]r-ent, _adj._ (_anat._) bringing to, applied to the nerves that convey sensations to the nerve centres. [L. _afferens_--_ad_, to, and _ferre_, to carry.]

AFFETTUOSO, af-fet-t[=oo]-[=o]'so, _adj._ and _adv._ (_mus._) tender, tenderly, with feeling--used as a noun by Burke.

AFFIANCE, af-f[=i]'ans, _n._ faith pledged to: marriage contract: trust: affinity (_in_, _on_).--_v.t._ to pledge faith: to betroth.--_adj._ and _n._ AFF[=I]'ANCED, betrothed. [O. Fr. _afiance_, _afier_--L. _ad_, to, _fides_, faith.]

AFFIDAVIT, af-fi-d[=a]'vit, _n._ a written declaration on oath. [_Affidavit_, 3d pers. sing. perf. of a Low L. _affid[=a]re_, to pledge one's faith.]

AFFIED (_arch._), _pa.p._ of AFFY.

AFFILIATE, af-fil'i-[=a]t, _v.t._ to receive into a family as a son, or into a society as a member: to attach to, or connect with, as minor colleges with a university: to impute paternity to, to attribute to, to father on or upon.--_n._ AFFILI[=A]'TION, the act of receiving into a family or society as a member: (_law_) the assignment of an illegitimate child to its father, the assignment of anything to its origin. [L. _affili[=a]re_, to adopt--_ad_, to, _filius_, a son.]

AFFINE, af-f[=i]n', _n._ (_obs._) a relation, connection.--_adjs._ AFFINE', AFFINED', related, bound by some tie. [O. Fr.--L. _affinis_, neighbouring--_ad_, to, at, _finis_, a boundary.]

AFFINITY, af-fin'i-ti, _n._ nearness of kin, agreement, or resemblance: causal relationship: structural resemblance between languages of ultimately common origin: structural resemblance between plants, animals, or minerals pointing to identity of stock: relationship by marriage, opposed to consanguinity or relationship by blood: (_B._) social relationship: the spiritual relationship between sponsors and their godchild: a mysterious attraction supposed to exist between two persons: (_chem._) the peculiar attraction between the atoms of two simple substances that makes them combine to form a compound.--_adj._ AFFIN'ITIVE. [Fr.--L. _affinitas_--_affinis_, neighbouring--_ad_, at, _finis_, boundary.]

AFFIRM, af-f[.e]rm', _v.t._ to assert confidently or positively: to ratify a judgment: to confirm or maintain a statement of one's own or another's: (_log._) to make a statement in the affirmative: (_law_) to make a formal declaration or affirmation, without an oath.--_adj._ AFFIRM'ABLE, that may be affirmed (with _of_).--_n._ AFFIRM'ANCE, affirmation, assertion, confirmation.--_adj._ AFFIRM'ANT--also _n._, one who affirms.--_n._ AFFIRM[=A]'TION, act of asserting: that which is affirmed: (_law_) the solemn declaration made by Quakers and others incapable of taking an oath.--_adj._ and _n._ AFFIRM'ATIVE, that affirms or asserts: positive, not negative: dogmatic.--_adv._ AFFIRM'ATIVELY.--_adj._ AFFIRM'ATORY. [O. Fr. _afermer_--L. _affirm[=a]re_--_ad_, _firmus_, firm. See FIRM.]

AFFIX, af-fiks', _v.t._ to fix to: to add: to attach (_to_, _on_, _upon_).--_n._ AF'FIX, an addition to a root, stem, or word, to modify its meaning or use, whether _prefix_ or _suffix_: any appendage or addition. [L. _affig[)e]re_, _-fixum_--_ad_, to, _fig[)e]re_, to fix. See FIX.]

AFFLATION, af-fl[=a]'shun, _n._ a breathing upon.--_p.adj._ AFFLAT'ED, inspired. [From L. _affl[=a]re_, _fl[=a]tum_--_ad_, to, and _fl[=a]re_, to breathe.]

AFFLATUS, af-fl[=a]'tus, _n._ inspiration, as of the poet or orator: esp. religious inspiration, the divine afflatus = L. _afflatus divinus_. [See INFLATION.]

AFFLICT, af-flikt', _v.t._ to give continued pain, distress, or grief: to harass, or vex.--_pa.p._ AFFLICT'ED, harassed by disease of body or mind: suffering.--_adj._ AFFLICT'ING, distressing.--_n._ AFFLIC'TION, state or cause of pain or distress: misery: loss of friends, sickness, persecution. &c.--_adj._ AFFLICT'IVE, causing distress. [L. _afflig[)e]re_, _flictum_--_ad_, to, _flig[)e]re_, to dash to the ground.]

AFFLUENT, af'fl[=oo]-ent, _adj._ abounding: wealthy (with _in_).--_n._ a stream flowing into a river or lake.--_ns._ AF'FLUENCE, abundance: wealth; AF'FLUENCY (_obs._).--_adv._ AF'FLUENTLY.--_n._ AF'FLUENTNESS. [L. _afflu[)e]re_, _affluent-em_--_ad_, to, _flu[)e]re_, to flow.]

AFFLUX, af'fluks, AFFLUXION, af-flux'shun, _n._ a flowing to: an accession. [L. _afflu[)e]re_, _affluxum_. See AFFLUENT.]

AFFORCE, af-f[=o]rs', _v.t._ (_law_) to reinforce a jury or other deliberative body by specially skilled persons.--_n._ AFFORCE'MENT. [O. Fr. _aforcer_--Low L. _exforti[=a]re_--L. _fortis_, strong.]

AFFORD, af-f[=o]rd', _v.t._ to yield or produce: to be able to sell, to expend, or to bear the expense of. [M. E. _aforthen_, from A.S. _geforthian_ or _forthian_, to further or cause to come forth.]

AFFOREST, af-for'est, _v.t._ to turn land into forest.--_n._ AFFOREST[=A]'TION. [Low L. _afforest[=a]re_--L. _ad_, to, and _foresta_. See FOREST.]

AFFRANCHISE, af-fran'chiz, _v.t._ to free from slavery, or from some obligation. [O. Fr. _afranchir_, _afranchiss-_, from _[`a]_, to, _franchir_, to free, _franc_, free. See FRANK.]

AFFRAP, af-frap', _v.t._ or _v.i._ (_Spens._) to strike or strike down. [It. _affrappare_--_af_ (_ad_), to, and _frapp[=a]re_ (Fr. _frapper_), to strike.]

AFFRAY, af-fr[=a]', _n._ a fight causing alarm: a brawl or fray: terror (_Spens._).--_v.t._ to startle: to frighten: esp. in _pa.p._ AFFRAYED' = afraid. [O. Fr. _afrayer_, _esfreer_ (Fr. _effrayer_)--Low L. _exfredi[=a]re_, to break the king's peace--L. _ex_, and Old High Ger. _fridu_ (Ger. _friede_), peace.]

AFFRET, af-fret', _n._ (_Spens._) a furious onset. [Prob. from It. _affrettare_, to hasten.]

AFFRIENDED, af-frend'ed, _adj._ (_Spens._) made friends: reconciled.

AFFRIGHT, af-fr[=i]t', _v.t._ to frighten--also AFFRIGHT'EN.--_n._ AFFRIGHT', sudden terror.--_pa.p._ AFFRIGHT'ED, frightened.--_adv._ AFFRIGHT'EDLY.--_adj._ AFFRIGHT'FUL (_arch._).--_n._ AFFRIGHT'MENT, sudden fear. [A.S. _afyrhtan_. See FRIGHT.]

AFFRONT, af-frunt', _v.t._ to meet face to face: to insult openly: (_Shak._) to throw one's self in the way of.--_n._ contemptuous treatment: an open insult: disgrace.--_adj._ AFFRONT['E], _fem._ AFFRONT['E]E, facing each other: (_her._) of animals represented front to front, or expectant--opp. to _Addorsed_; also looking frontwise, or toward the beholder.--_p.adj._ AFFRONT'ED, insulted, offended.--_adj._ AFFRONT'IVE.--TO PUT AN AFFRONT UPON, TO OFFER AN AFFRONT TO = to openly insult a person. [O. Fr. _afronter_--Low L. _affront[=a]re_--L. _ad_, to, _front-_, the forehead.]

AFFUSION, af-f[=u]'zhun, _n._ the act of pouring upon or sprinkling.--Baptism by affusion is effected by the pouring of water on the subject, as distinct from baptism by dipping, or baptism by sprinkling. [L. _affusion-em_, _affund[)e]re_--_ad_, to, _fund[)e]re_, _fusum_, to pour.]

AFFY, af-f[=i]', _v.t._ (_obs._) to pledge one's faith to, to betroth.--_v.i._ to trust or confide:--_pr.p._ affy'ing; _pa.p._ aff[=i]ed'. [O. Fr. _afier_--Low L. _aff[=i]d[=a]re_--_ad_, to, _fides_, faith. See AFFIANCE.]

AFIELD, a-f[=e]ld', _adv._ to, in, or on the field.

AFIRE, a-f[=i]r', _adv._ on fire: in a state of inflammation.

AFLAME, a-fl[=a]m', _adj._ and _adv._ flaming: glowing. [Pfx. _a-_, and FLAME.]

AFLOAT, a-fl[=o]t', _adv._ or _adj._ floating: at sea: unfixed: in circulation.

AFOOT, a-foot', _adv._ on foot: astir.

AFORE, a-f[=o]r', _prep._ (_B._ and _Shak._) beforehand, previously.

AFOREHAND, a-f[=o]r'hand, _adv._ before the regular time of accomplishment: in advance.

AFORESAID, a-f[=o]r'sed, _adj._ said or named before.

AFORETHOUGHT, a-f[=o]r'thawt, _adj._ thought of or meditated before: premeditated.

AFORETIME, a-f[=o]r't[=i]m, _adv._ in former or past times.

AFOUL, a-fowl', _adj._ or _adv._ entangled: in collision (with _of_).

AFRAID, a-fr[=a]d', _adj._ struck with fear: timid. [See AFFRAY.]

AFRESH, a-fresh', _adv._ anew.

AFRICAN, af'rik-an, _adj._ pertaining to Africa--also AF'RIC.--_ns._ AF'RICAN, a native of Africa; AFRICAND'ER, one born of white parents in Cape Colony or other parts of South Africa. [L. _Africus_, _Africanus_--_Afer_, African.]

AFRIT, a-frit', _n._ an evil demon in Arabian mythology.--Also AFREET'. [Ar. _`ifr[=i]t_, a demon.]

AFRONT, a-frunt', _adv._ (_obs._) in front.

AFT, aft, _adj._ or _adv._ behind: near or towards the stern of a vessel. [A.S. _aeft-an_.]

AFTER, aft'[.e]r, _prep._ and _adv._ behind in place: later in time: following in search of: in imitation of: in proportion to, or in agreement with: concerning: subsequent to, or subsequently: afterward: after the manner of, or in imitation of.--_adj._ behind in place: later in time: more toward the stern of a vessel. [A.S. _aefter_, comp. of _af_, or _of_, the primary meaning being 'more off,' 'farther away;' _-ter_ as a comparative affix is seen in L. _al-ter_, Eng. _o-ther_. See OF.]

AFTERBIRTH, aft'[.e]r-b[.e]rth, _n._ the placenta and membranes which are expelled from the uterus of the mother after the birth.

AFTERCLAP, aft'[.e]r-klap, _n._ an unexpected event happening after an affair is supposed to be at an end.

AFTERCROP, aft'[.e]r-krop, _n._ a second crop in the same year.

AFTER-DAMP, aft'[.e]r-damp, _n._ choke-damp, arising in coal-mines after an explosion of fire-damp.

AFTEREYE, aft-[.e]r-[=i]', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to look after.

AFTERGAME, aft'[.e]r-g[=a]m, _n._ a second game played to reverse the issue of the first, hence the means employed after the first turn of affairs.

AFTERGLOW, aft'[.e]r-gl[=o], _n._ the glow often seen in the sky after sunset.

AFTERGUARD, aft'[.e]r-g[:a]rd, _n._ the men on the quarter-deck and poop who work the after sails, not needing to go aloft: a drudge or person in a mean capacity.

AFTER-HANDS, af'ter-handz, _n.pl._ (_Tenn._) future labourers.

AFTER-IMAGE, aft'[.e]r-im'[=a]j, _n._ the image that remains for a brief period after the eye has been withdrawn from the object.

AFTERINGS, aft'[.e]r-ingz, _n._ the last milk drawn in milking.

AFTERMATH, aft'[.e]r-math, _n._ a second mowing of grass in the same season. [See MOW, MEADOW.]

AFTERMOST, aft'[.e]r-m[=o]st, _adj._ hindmost. [A.S. _aeftemest_; Goth. _af-tuma_, _-tuma_, being equiv. to L. _-tumus_ in _op-tumus_, best. Goth. has also _af-tum-ists_ = A.S. _aef-tem-est_, which is thus a double superlative.--Thus in aftermost, _r_ is intrusive and _-most_ is not the adv. _most_.]

AFTERNOON, aft'[.e]r-n[=oo]n, _n._ the time between noon and evening.--_n._ AFT'ER-MORN (_Tenn._), the morrow.

AFTERPAINS, aft'[.e]r-p[=a]nz, _n._ the pains which succeed childbirth and the expulsion of the afterbirth.

AFTERPIECE, aft'[.e]r-p[=e]s, _n._ a farce or other minor piece performed after a play.

AFTERSUPPER, aft'[.e]r-sup-p[.e]r, _n._ the time between supper and bedtime.

AFTERTHOUGHT, aft'[.e]r-thawt, _n._ thought or reflection after an action: a later thought.

AFTERWARD, aft'[.e]r-ward, AFTERWARDS, aft'[.e]r-wardz, _adv._ in after-time: later: subsequently. [A.S. _aeftenweard_.]

AGA, AGHA, [=a]'ga, _n._ a Turkish commander or chief officer. [Turk. _agh[=a]_, Pers. _ak_, _aka_, a lord.]

AGAIN, a-gen', _adv._ once more: in return: back. [A.S. _on-ge['a]n_, again, opposite; Ger. _ent-gegen_.]

AGAINST, a-genst', also a-g[=a]nst', _prep._ opposite to: in opposition to: in contact or collision with: in provision for: in exchange for, instead of: (_B._ and _Shak._) by the time that, elliptically for 'against (the time) at which' or 'that I come.' [Formed from _again_, with genitive ending _-es_, as _whilst_ from _while_--the _-t_ being a later addition, as in _amongs-t_, _amids-t_, &c.]

AGAMI, ag'a-mi, _n._ the golden-breasted trumpeter, a grallatorial bird of South America. [Native name.]

AGAMOGENESIS, a-gam-o-jen'e-sis, _n._ reproduction without sex, found among lower animals and in plants. [Gr. _a_, priv., _gamos_, marriage, _genesis_, reproduction.]

AGAMOUS, ag'a-mus, _adj._ (_bot._) having no visible flowers or organs of fructification. [Gr. _agamos_--_a_, neg., and _gamos_, marriage.]

AGAPE, ag'a-p[=e], _n._ a love-feast, held by the early Christians at communion time, when contributions were made for the poor:--_pl._ AG'APAE.--_n._ AGAPEM'ON[=E] (Gr., 'love abode'), a community of religious visionaries with unedifying ideas about the sexual relations, founded in 1859 at Charlinch, near Bridgwater, by one H. J. Prince, formerly an Anglican clergyman. [Gr. _agap[=e]_, love.]

AGAPE, a-g[=a]p', _adj._ or _adv._ gaping from wonder, expectation, or attention. [Lit., 'on gape.']

AGARIC, ag'ar-ik, _n._ a family of fungi, including the mushroom. [Gr. _agarikon_.]

AGASTRIC, a-gas'trik, _adj._ having no stomach. [Gr. _a_, neg., and _gast[=e]r_, stomach.]

AGATE, ag'[=a]t, _n._ a precious stone composed of layers of quartz, of different tints.--_adj._ AGATIF'EROUS. [Gr. _achat[=e]s_, said to be so called because first found near the river _Achates_ in Sicily.]

AGATE, a-g[=a]t', _adv._ agoing, on the way. [Prep. _a_, and GATE; a northern word.]

AGAVE, a-g[=a]'ve, _n._ a genus of herbaceous plants, natives of the warmer parts of America, which in Mexico usually flower about the seventh or eighth year, the stem rising to a height of forty feet. It is called also the American Aloe and Century Plant, receiving the latter name from the number of years (40-60, popularly a hundred) it takes to flower in our hot-houses.

AGAZED, a-g[=a]zd', _adj._ (_Shak._) struck with amazement. [Prob. a variant of AGHAST.]

AGE, [=a]j, _n._ the ordinary length of human life: the time during which a person or thing has lived or existed: mature years: legal maturity (at 21 years), or time of life with regard to crime, contracts, marriage, &c.: a period of time: any great period of human history, as the Golden Age, the Bronze Age, the Middle Ages, or of individual history, as the age of infancy, the five--or seven--so-called ages of man: a generation of men: a century.--_v.i._ to grow old:--_pr.p._ [=a]g'ing; _pa.p._ [=a]g'ed.--_adj._ AGED ([=a]j'ed), advanced in age: having a certain age.--_n.pl._ old people.--_n._ AGEDNESS ([=a]j'ed-nes), condition of being aged or old.--_adjs._ AGE'LESS; AGE'LONG. [O. Fr. _edage_ (Fr. _[^a]ge_)--L. _aetas_ = _aevitas_--L. _aevum_, age; cog. with EVER.]

AGEN, a-gen', _adv._ Same as AGAIN.

AGENDA, aj-end'a, _n._ things to be done: a memorandum-book: (_obs._) a ritual. [L. _agendus_, fut. perf. pass. of _ag[)e]re_, to do.]

AGENT, [=a]j'ent, _n._ a person or thing that acts or exerts power: any natural force acting on matter: one authorised or delegated to transact business for another.--_n._ AG'ENCY, the office or business, operation or

## action, of an agent; instrumentality.--LAW AGENT, a general term in

Scotland, including Writers to the Signet, Solicitors to the Supreme Court, and Procurators in the sheriff courts--the requirements are an indentured apprenticeship of five years to a law agent, the passing of examinations in general knowledge and in law, and formal admission by the Court of Session. [L. _ag[)e]re_, to do. See ACT.]

AGGLOMERATE, ag-glom'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to make into a ball: to collect into a mass.--_v.i._ to grow into a mass.--_adjs._ AGGLOM'ERATE, AGGLOM'ERATED, collected into a heap or mass.--_n._ AGGLOMER[=A]'TION, a growing or heaping together: a mass: a cluster.--_adj._ AGGLOM'ERATIVE. [_Agglomer[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_ad_, to, L. _glomus_, _glomeris_, a ball. See CLEW, GLOBE.]

AGGLUTINATE, ag-gl[=oo]t'in-[=a]t, _v.t._ to cause to adhere by glue or cement.--_adj._ AGGLUT'INANT, uniting or causing to stick together.--_ns._ AGGLUT'INATE, AGGLUT'INATIVE, a classification formerly much used in contrast to _inflectional_, to describe such languages as Turkish, which show, in the words of Whitney, an inferior degree of integration in the elements of their words, or of unification of words, the suffixes and prefixes retaining a certain independence of one another and of the root or stem to which they are added; AGGLUTIN[=A]'TION, the act of uniting, as by glue: adhesion of parts.--_adj._ AGGLUT'INATIVE, tending to or having power to cause adhesion. [L. _agglutin[=a]re_--_ad_, to, _gluten_, glue. See GLUE.]

AGGRACE, ag-gr[=a]s', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to grace, to favour.--_n._ kindness: favour. [Low L. _aggrati[=a]re_--L. _ad_, to, _gratia_, grace.]

AGGRANDISE, ag'grand-[=i]z, _v.t._ to make great or larger: to make greater in power, rank, or honour.--_ns._ AGGRANDIS[=A]'TION; AGGRANDISEMENT (ag'grand-[=i]z-ment, or ag-grand'iz-ment), act of aggrandising: state of being aggrandised. [Fr., from L. _ad_, to, and _grandis_, large.]

AGGRATE, ag-gr[=a]t', _v.t._ (_obs._) to gratify or please. [It. _aggratare_--L. _ad_, to, _gratus_, pleasing. See GRACE.]

AGGRAVATE, ag'grav-[=a]t, _v.t._ to make worse: to provoke.--_adj._ AG'GRAVATING.--_adv._ AG'GRAVATINGLY.--_n._ AGGRAV[=A]'TION, a making worse: any quality or circumstance which makes a thing worse: an exaggeration. [L. _aggrav[=a]re_--_ad_, to, _gravis_, heavy. See GRAVE.]

AGGREGATE, ag'greg-[=a]t, _v.t._ to collect into a mass: to accumulate.--_v.i._ (_rare_) to add as a member to a society: to combine with.--_adj._ formed of parts taken together.--_n._ the sum total.--_adv._ AG'GREGATELY.--_n._ AGGREG[=A]'TION, act of aggregating: state of being collected together: an aggregate.--_adj._ AG'GREGATIVE. [L. _aggreg[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to bring together, as a flock--_ad_, to, _grex_, _gregis_, a flock.]

AGGRESS, ag-gres', _v.i._ to make a first attack: to begin a quarrel: to intrude.--_adj._ AGGRESS'IVE, making the first attack, or prone to do so: offensive as opposed to defensive.--_ns._ AGGRESS'IVENESS; AGGRESS'OR, one who attacks first. [L. _aggredi_, _-gressus_--_ad_, to, _gradi_, to step.]

AGGRESSION, ag-gresh'un, _n._ first act of hostility or injury: a breach of the peace: an attack on public privileges. [L. _aggredi_, _-gressus_--_ad_, to, _gradi_, to step.]

AGGRIEVE, ag-gr[=e]v', _v.t._ to press heavily upon: to pain or injure. [O. Fr. _agrever_ (Sp. _agraviar_)--L. _ad_, to, and _gravis_, heavy. See GRIEF, GRIEVE.]

AGHAST, a-gast', _adj._ stupefied with horror. [Properly _agast_; M. E. _agasten_, to terrify; A.S. intens. pfx. _['a]-_, and _gaestan_, to terrify. The primary notion of the root _gaes-_ (Goth. _gais-_) is to fix, stick; to root to the spot with terror. See GAZE.]

AGILE, aj'il, _adj._ active: nimble.--_n._ AGIL'ITY, quickness of motion: nimbleness--also AG'ILENESS. [Fr.--L. _agilis_--_ag[)e]re_, to do or act.]

AGIO, [=a]'ji-o, _n._ the difference between the real and nominal value of money, or between metallic and paper money: the variations from fixed pars or rates of exchange: discount. [It. _agio_, _aggio_, ease, convenience.]

AGIOTAGE, aj'i-o-t[=a]j, _n._ exchange business, hence the manoeuvres of speculators to raise or depress the funds: stock-jobbing.

AGIST, a-jist', _v.t._ to take in the cattle of others to graze for a certain sum: to charge lands or the like with any public burden.--_ns._ AGIST'MENT, the action of agisting: the price paid for cattle pasturing on the land: a burden or tax; AGIST'OR, AGIST'ER, an officer who takes charge of cattle agisted. [O. Fr. _agister_--L. _jacit[=a]re_, _jac[=e]re_, to lie.]

AGITATE, aj'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to keep moving: to stir violently: to disturb: to discuss, or keep up the discussion of a question.--_n._ AGIT[=A]'TION, commotion: perturbation of mind: discussion: public excitement.--_adj._ AG'ITATIVE.--_n._ AG'ITATOR, one who excites or keeps up a public agitation. [L. _agit[=a]re_, freq. of _ag[)e]re_, to put in motion. See ACT.]

AGLET, AIGLET, [=a]'glet, _n._ the tag or point of the lace or string by which different parts of dress were fastened together, orig. to facilitate passing through the eyelet-holes, afterwards themselves ornamental, like Shakespeare's _aglet-baby_, and still surviving in the so-called _aiguillettes_ or tagged points of braid hanging from the shoulder in some military and naval uniforms: a technical name for white stay-laces. [Fr. _aiguillette_, dim. of _aiguille_, a needle--from L. _acucula_ = _acicula_, dim. of _acus_, a needle.]

AGLEY, AGLEE, a-gl[=e]', _adv._ (_Scot._) off the right line: wrong. [Pfx. _a-_, and Scot. _gley_, _gleg_, squint.]

AGLIMMER, a-glim'[.e]r, _adv._ in a glimmering state.

AGLOW, a-gl[=o]', _adj._ and _adv._ very warm: red-hot.

AGNAIL, ag'n[=a]l, _n._ an inflammation round the toe- or finger-nail: a whitlow: a hangnail. [A.S. _angnaegl_--_ang_, tight, and _naegl_, a nail; confounded in meaning by the dictionary-makers with Fr. _angonailles_, blotches, sores--Low L. _anguinalia_, carbuncles.]

AGNAME, ag'n[=a]m, _n._ a name over and above the name and surname.--_adj._ AG'NAMED, styled by such a name. [L. _ag_ = _ad_, and NAME; formed after L. _agnomen_.]

AGNATE, ag'n[=a]t, _adj._ related on the father's side: allied.--_n._ a relation by the father's side.--_adjs._ AGNAT'IC, AGNAT'ICAL.--_adv._ AGNAT'ICALLY.--_n._ AGN[=A]'TION. [L. _agnat-us_--_ad_, to, _nasci_, to be born. See COGNATE.]

AGNISE, ag-n[=i]z', _v.t._ (_arch._) to acknowledge, to confess. [L. _agnosc[)e]re_--_ad_, to, _gnosc[)e]re_, _nosc[)e]re_, to know.]

AGNOMEN, ag-n[=o]'men, _n._ a surname added to the family name, generally on account of some great exploit, as _Africanus_ to P. Cornelius Scipio. [L.--_ad_, to, and _gnomen_, _nomen_, a name.]