Part 79

DRIVE, dr[=i]v, _v.t._ to force along: to hurry one on: to guide, as horses drawing a carriage: to convey or carry in a carriage: to force in, as nails with a hammer: to push briskly: to urge, as a point of argument, a bargain, &c.: to compel: to send away with force, as a ball in cricket, golf, tennis: to chase game towards sportsmen.--_v.i._ to press forward with violence: to be forced along, as a ship before the wind: to go in a carriage: to tend towards a point: to strike at with a sword, the fist, &c.:--_pr.p._ dr[=i]v'ing; _pa.t._ dr[=o]ve; _pa.p._ driv'en.--_n._ an excursion in a carriage: a road for driving on: the propelling of a ball in cricket, &c.: the chasing of game towards the shooters, or the sport so obtained, or the ground over which the game is driven: urgent pressure: pushing the sale of a special article by reduction of prices.--_ns._ DRIV'ER, one who or that which drives, in all senses: a club used in golf to propel the ball from the teeing-ground; DRIV'ING-BAND, the band or strap which communicates motion from one machine, or part of a machine, to another; DRIV'ING-SHAFT, a shaft from a driving-wheel communicating motion, to machinery; DRIV'ING-WHEEL, a main wheel that communicates motion to other wheels: one of the main wheels in a locomotive.--DRIVE FEATHERS, DOWN, to separate the lighter from the heavier by exposing them to a current of air.--DRIVE TO ONE'S WITS' END, to perplex utterly.--LET DRIVE, to aim a blow. [A.S _dr['i]fan_, to drive; Ger. _treiben_, to push.]

DRIVEL, driv'l, _v.i._ to slaver like a child: to be foolish: to speak like an idiot:--_pr.p._ driv'elling; _pa.p._ driv'elled.--_n._ slaver: nonsense.--_n._ DRIV'ELLER, a fool. [M. E. _drevelen_, _dravelen_; related to DRIBBLE.]

DRIVEL, driv'l, _n._ (_Spens._) a drudge. [Cf. Old Dut. _drevel_, a scullion.]

DRIZZLE, driz'l, _v.i._ to rain in small drops.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to shed in small drops.--_n._ a small, light rain.--_adj._ DRIZZ'LY. [Freq. of M. E. _dresen_--A.S. _dre['o]san_, to fall; Norw. _drjosa_, Goth. _driusan_.]

DROGER, DROGHER, dr[=o]'ger, _n._ a West Indian coasting vessel, with long masts and lateen sails.

DROGUE, dr[=o]g, _n._ the drag of boards, attached to the end of a harpoon-line, checking the progress of a running whale.

DROGUET, dr[=o]-g[=a]', _n._ a ribbed woollen dress fabric, a variety of rep. [Fr.]

DROICH, dr[=o]h, _n._ a dwarf.--_adj._ DROICH'Y, dwarfish. [Gael.]

DROIL, droil, _v.i._ to drudge. [Dut. _druilen_, to loiter.]

DROIT, drwa, _n._ right; duty. [Fr.]

DROLL, dr[=o]l, _adj._ odd: amusing: laughable.--_n._ one who excites mirth: a jester.--_v.i._ to practise drollery: to jest.--_ns._ DROLL'ERY; DROLL'ING.--_adjs._ DROLL'ISH, rather droll; DROLL'Y. [Fr., prob. from Dut. _drollig_, odd--_trold_, a hobgoblin; cf. Ger. _droll_, a short thick person.]

DROMEDARY, drum'e-dar-i, _n._ a thoroughbred one-humped Arabian camel.--_ns._ DROMED[=A]'RIAN, DROM'EDARIST. [Fr.,--Low L. _dromedarius_--Gr. _dromas_, _dromados_, running--_dramein_, 2 aor. infin. of _trechein_, to run.]

DROMOND, drom'ond, _n._ a swift medieval ship of war.--Also DROM'ON. [O. Fr.,--Late L. _dromo_--Gr. _dromon_--_dromos_, a running, _dramein_, to run.]

DROMOS, drom'os, _n._ a Greek race-course: an entrance-passage or avenue, as to a subterranean treasury, &c.--_adjs._ DROM'IC, -AL, pertaining to a race-course: basilican. [Gr.,--_dramein_, to run.]

DRONE, dr[=o]n, _n._ the male of the honey-bee: one who lives on the labour of others, like the drone-bee: a lazy, idle fellow.--_adj._ DRON'ISH, like a drone: lazy, idle.--_adv._ DRON'ISHLY.--_n._ DRON'ISHNESS.--_adv._ DRON'Y. [A.S. _dr['a]n_, the bee; Dan. _drone_.]

DRONE, dr[=o]n, _v.i._ to make a low humming sound.--_n._ the bass-pipe of a bagpipe.--_n._ DRONE'-PIPE, a pipe producing a droning sound. [M. E. _drounen_, to roar; not found in A.S. Cf. Dut. _dreunen_, Ger. _dr[:o]hnen_.]

DROOL, drool, _v.i._ to slaver--a form of DRIVEL.

DROOP, dr[=oo]p, _v.i._ to sink or hang down: to grow weak or faint: to decline.--_v.t._ to let sink.--_n._ a drooping position.--_adv._ DROOP'INGLY, in a drooping manner. [Ice. _dr['u]pa_, to droop. See DROP.]

DROP, drop, _n._ a small particle of liquid which falls at one time: a very small quantity of liquid: anything hanging like a drop: a fall: a trap in the gallows scaffold, the fall of which allows the criminal to drop: a device for lowering goods into a ship's hold.--_v.i._ to fall in small

## particles: to let drops fall: to fall suddenly: to come to an end: to fall

or sink lower.--_v.t._ to let fall in drops: to let fall: to let go, dismiss, break off, as an acquaintance: to utter casually: to write and send (a note) in an off-hand manner: to set down from a carriage:--_pr.p._ drop'ping; _pa.p._ dropped.--_ns._ DROP'-DRILL, an apparatus for dropping seed and manure into the soil simultaneously; DROP'-HAMM'ER, DROP'-PRESS, a swaging, stamping, or forging machine having either a regular or intermittent motion; DROP'LET, a little drop; DROP'-LETT'ER (_U.S._), a letter posted in any place merely for local delivery; DROP'-NET, a net suspended from a boom, to be suddenly dropped on a passing shoal of fish; DROP'PING, that which is dropped: (_pl._) dung, esp. of fowls.--_adj._ DROP'-RIPE, so ripe as to be ready to drop from the tree.--_ns._ DROP'-SCENE, a painted curtain suspended by pulleys, which drops in front of the stage in a theatre; DROP'-STONE, a stalactic variety of calcite.--_adv._ DROP'-WISE (_Tenn._), by drops.--_n._ DROP'-WORT, the _Spiraea Filipendula_.--DROP ASTERN (_naut._), to pass or move towards the stern; DROP AWAY, OFF, to depart, disappear; DROP DOWN, to sail, move, or row down a coast, or down a river to the sea; DROP IN, to come in casually; DROP OUT, to disappear from one's place; DROP SERENE, an old medical name for _amaurosis_, literally translated from L. _gutta serena_.--A DROPPING FIRE, a continuous irregular discharge of small-arms.--PRINCE RUPERT'S DROPS, drops of glass which have fallen in a melted state into cold water, and have assumed a tadpole-like shape, the whole falling to dust with a loud report if the point of the tail be nipped off. [A.S. _dropa_, a drop--_dre['o]pan_, to drop; Dut. _drop_, Ger. _tropfe_.]

DROPSY, drop'si, _n._ an unnatural collection of water in any part of the body.--_adjs._ DROP'SICAL, DROP'SIED (_Shak._), affected with dropsy.--_n._ DROP'SICALNESS. [Through Fr. from L. _hydropisis_--Gr. _hydr[=o]ps_--_hyd[=o]r_, water.]

DROSERA, dros'er-a, _n._ a genus of small herbaceous plants of the order _Droseraceae_, generally inhabiting marshy places. [Formed from Gr. _droseros_--_drosos_, dew.]

DROSHKY, drosh'ki, DROSKY, dros'ki, _n._ a low four-wheeled open carriage much used in Russia. [Russ. _drozhki_.]

DROSOMETER, dr[=o]-som'e-ter, _n._ an instrument for measuring the quantity of dew condensed on the surface of a body left in the open air. [Gr. _drosos_, dew, _metron_, measure.]

DROSS, dros, _n._ the scum which metals throw off when melting: waste matter: refuse: rust.--_n._ DROSS'INESS.--_adj._ DROSS'Y, like dross: impure: worthless. [A.S. _dr['o]s_, from _dre['o]san_, to fall; cf. Dut. _droesem_; Ger. _druse_.]

DROUGHT, drowt, DROUTH, drowth, _n._ dryness: want of rain or of water: thirst.--_ns._ DROUGHT'INESS, DROUTH'INESS.--_adjs._ DROUGHT'Y, DROUTH'Y, full of drought: very dry: wanting rain, thirsty. [A.S. _dr['u]gathe_, dryness--_dr['u]gian_, to dry.]

DROUK, DROOK, dr[=oo]k, _v.t._ to drench: (_Scot._) to duck.--_p.adjs._ DROUK'IT, DROOK'IT. [Ice. _drukna_, to be drowned; cf. Dan. _drukne_.]

DROVE, dr[=o]v, _pa.t._ of DRIVE.--_n._ a number of cattle, or other animals, driven.--_n._ DROV'ER, one whose occupation is to drive cattle: (_Spens._) a boat. [A.S. _dr['a]f_--_dr['i]fan_, to drive.]

DROW, drow, _n._ a kind of elves supposed to belong to Shetland, inhabiting caves--also TROW, a variant of _troll_.

DROW, drow, _n._ (_Scot._) a drizzling mist.

DROWN, drown, _v.t._ to drench or sink in water: to kill by placing under water: to overpower: to extinguish.--_v.t._ to be suffocated in water. [A.S. _druncnian_, to drown--_druncen_, pa.p. of _drincan_, to drink. See DRENCH.]

DROWSE, drowz, _v.i._ to be heavy with sleep: to look heavy and dull.--_v.t._ to make heavy with sleep: to stupefy.--_n._ a half-sleeping state.--_ns._ DROWS'IHEAD, DROWS'IHED (_Spens._), drowsiness, sleepiness.--_adv._ DROWS'ILY.--_n._ DROWS'INESS.--_adj._ DROWS'Y, sleepy: heavy: dull: inducing sleep. [A.S. _dr['u]sian_, to be sluggish; Dut. _dre['o]sen_, to fall asleep.]

DRUB, drub, _v.t._ to beat or thrash:--_pr.p._ drub'bing; _pa.p._ drubbed.--_n._ DRUB'BING, a cudgelling. [Murray suggests Ar. _daraba_, to beat, bastinado, _darb_, a beating.]

DRUDGE, druj, _v.i._ to work hard: to do very mean work.--_n._ one who works hard: a slave: a menial servant.--_ns._ DRUDG'ER; DRUDG'ERY, DRUDG'ISM, the work of a drudge: uninteresting toil: hard or humble labour.--_adv._ DRUDG'INGLY. [Ety. unknown. Some suggest Celt., as in Ir. _drugaire_, a drudge.]

DRUG, drug, _n._ any substance used in the composition of medicine: an article that cannot be sold, generally owing to overproduction.--_v.t._ to mix or season with drugs: to dose to excess.--_v.i._ to prescribe drugs or medicines:--_pr.p._ drug'ging; _pa.p._ drugged.--_n._ DRUG'GIST, one who deals in drugs. [O. Fr. _drogue_, prob. from Dut. _droog_, dry; as if applied orig. to dried herbs.]

DRUG, drug, _n._ (_Shak._) a drudge.

DRUGGET, drug'et, _n._ a woven and felted coarse woollen fabric, chiefly used for covering carpets--hence called in some parts of Britain _crumbcloth_. [O. Fr. _droguet_, dim. of _drogue_, a drug, trash. See above.]

DRUID, dr[=oo]'id, _n._ a priest among the ancient Celts of Britain, Gaul, and Germany, who worshipped under oak-trees: a member of a benefit society (founded 1781), its lodges called _groves_:--_fem._ DRU'IDESS.--_adjs._ DRUID'IC, -AL, DRU'IDISH.--_n._ DRU'IDISM, the doctrines which the Druids taught: the ceremonies they practised. [L. pl. _druidae_--Celt. _druid_--whence Old Ir. _drai_, Ir. and Gael. _draoi_, magician. Littr['e] accepts the ety. from Celt. _derw_, an oak, which is from the same root as Gr. _drys_, an oak.]

DRUM, drum, _n._ an instrument of percussion, in which a skin of parchment, stretched on a frame of wood or metal, is beaten with an instrument called a drumstick: anything shaped like a drum: the tympanum or middle portion of the ear: (_archit._) the upright part of a cupola: (_mech._) a revolving cylinder: formerly a large and tumultuous evening party (said to be so called because rival hostesses vied with each other in beating up crowds of guests).--_v.i._ to beat a drum: to beat with the fingers.--_v.t._ to drum out, to expel: to summon:--_pr.p._ drum'ming; _pa.p._ drummed.--_ns._ DRUM'HEAD, the head of a drum (see COURT-MARTIAL): the top part of a capstan; DRUM'-M[=A]'JOR, the chief drummer of a regiment (now called _sergeant-drummer_); DRUM'MER, one who drums: (_U.S._) a commercial traveller; DRUM'STICK, the stick with which the drum is beat: the leg of a cooked fowl. [From a Teut. root found in Dut. _trom_, Ger. _trommel_, a drum; prob. imit.]

DRUM, drum, _n._ a small hill or ridge of hills, used in many place-names, as _Drum_glass, _Drum_sheugh, &c. [Ir. _druim_, the back.]

DRUMBLE, drum'bl, _v.i._ (_Shak._) to be sluggish.

DRUMLY, drum'li, _adj._ (_Scot._) muddy: gloomy.

DRUMMOCK, drum'ok. Same as DRAMMOCK (q.v.).

DRUMMOND-LIGHT, drum'ond-l[=i]t, _n._ the lime-light or oxy-hydrogen light invented by Captain T. _Drummond_ (1797-1840). [See LIME-LIGHT.]

DRUNK, drungk, _pa.p._ of DRINK.--_p.adj._ intoxicated: saturated.--_n._ a drunken bout: a drunk person.--_n._ DRUNK'ARD, one who frequently drinks to excess: a habitual drinker.--_p.adj._ DRUNK'EN, given to excessive drinking: worthless, besotted: resulting from intoxication.--_adv._ DRUNK'ENLY.--_n._ DRUNK'ENNESS, excessive drinking: habitual intemperance.

DRUPE, dr[=oo]p, _n._ a fleshy fruit containing a stone, as the plum, &c.--_adj._ DRUP[=A]'CEOUS, producing or pertaining to drupes or stone-fruits.--_n._ DRUP'EL, a little drupe. [L. _drupa_--Gr. _dryppa_, an over-ripe olive--_drypep[=e]s_, ripened on the tree, from _drys_, a tree, and _peptein_, to cook; cf. _drupet[=e]s_--_drys_, and _piptein_, to fall.]

DRUSE, dr[=oo]s, _n._ (_mining_) a rock cavity lined with crystals, a geode or _vug_. [Ger.]

DRUSE, dr[=oo]s, _n._ one of a remarkable people inhabiting a mountainous district in the north of Syria, with a peculiar religion interwoven from the Bible and the Koran.--_adj._ DRUS'IAN.

DRUXY, druk'si, _adj._ of timber, having decayed spots concealed by healthy wood.--Also DRICK'SIE.

DRY, dr[=i], _adj._ free from, deficient in, moisture, sap: not green: not giving milk: thirsty: uninteresting: (_obs._) hard: frigid, precise: free from sweetness and fruity flavour (of wines, &c.).--_v.t._ to free from water or moisture: to exhaust.--_v.i._ to become dry, to evaporate entirely--both used also with prep. _up_:--_pr.p._ dry'ing; _pa.p._ dried.--_n._ and _adj._ DRY'ASDUST, the pretended editor or introducer of some of Scott's novels--a synonym for a dull and pedantic though learned person.--_v.t._ DRY'-BEAT (_Shak._), to beat severely, or so as to be dry.--_ns._ DRY'-BOB, a slang name used at Eton for boys who play cricket, football, &c.--opp. to the _Wet-bob_, who makes rowing his recreation; DRY'-DOCK (see DOCK).--_adj._ DRY'-EYED, tearless.--_n._ DRY'-FOOT (_Shak._), like a dog which pursues game by the scent of its foot.--_n.pl._ DRY'-GOODS, drapery, &c., as distinguished from groceries, hardware, &c.--_n._ DRY'-LIGHT, a clear, unobstructed light: an unprejudiced view.--_advs._ DRY'LY, DR[=I]'LY.--_ns._ DRY'-MEAS'URE (see MEASURE); DRY'NESS; DRY'-NURSE, a nurse who feeds a child without milk from the breast; DRY'-PLATE, a sensitised photographic plate, with which a picture may be made without the preliminary use of a bath; DRY'-POINT, a sharp needle by which fine lines are drawn in copperplate engraving; DRY'-ROT, a decay of timber caused by fungi which reduce it to a dry, brittle mass: (_fig._) a concealed decay or degeneration.--_v.t._ DRY'-SALT, to cure meat by salting and drying.--_ns._ DRY'SALTER, a dealer in gums, dyes, drugs, &c.: (_obs._) or in salted or dry meats, pickles, &c.; DRY'SALTERY.--_adj._ DRY'-SHOD, without wetting the shoes or feet.--_n._ DRY'-STEAM, steam containing no unevaporated water.--_adj._ DRY'-STONE, built of stone without mortar, as some walls.--_n._ DRY'-STOVE, a kind of hot-house for preserving the plants of dry, warm climates.--CUT AND DRIED (see CUT).--HIGH AND DRY (see HIGH). [A.S. _dr['y]ge_; cf. Dut. _droog_, Ger. _trocken_.]

DRYAD, dr[=i]'ad, _n._ (_Greek myth._) a nymph of the woods: a forest-tree. [Gr. _dryas_, from _drys_, a tree.]

DUAL, d[=u]'al, _adj._ consisting of two.--_ns._ D[=U]'AD, a pair of objects looked at as one; D[=U]'AL-CONTROL', any joint control or jurisdiction, as of England and France in Egypt; D[=U]'ALISM (_philos._), that view which seeks to explain the world by the assumption of two radically independent and absolute elements--e.g. (1) the doctrine of the entire separation of spirit and matter, thus being opposed both to _idealism_ and to _materialism_; (2) the doctrine of two distinct principles of good and of evil, or of two distinct divine beings of these characters; D[=U]'ALIST, a believer in dualism.--_adj._ DUALIS'TIC, consisting of two: relating to dualism.--_ns._ DUAL'ITY, doubleness: state of being double; D[=U]'AL-SCHOOL, a school for both boys and girls; D[=U]'ARCHY, government by two. [L.,--_duo_, two.]

DUALIN, d[=u]-al'in, _n._ an explosive compound of sawdust, saltpetre, and nitro-glycerine.

DUAN, d[=u]'an, _n._ a division of a poem, canto. [Gael.]

DUB, dub, _v.t._ to confer knighthood, from the ceremony of striking the shoulder with the flat of a sword: to confer any name or dignity: to smooth with an adze: to rub a softening and waterproof mixture into, as leather: to dress a fly for fishing:--_pr.p._ dub'bing; _pa.p._ dubbed.--_n._ DUB'BING, the accolade: a preparation of grease for softening leather--also DUB'BIN. [Conn. with O. Fr. _a-douber_, to equip with arms; but O. Fr. _dober_ may be Teut.]

DUB, dub, _n._ (_Scot._) a pool of foul water: a puddle.

DUBIOUS, d[=u]'bi-us, _adj._ doubtful: undetermined: causing doubt: of uncertain event or issue.--_adv._ D[=U]'BIOUSLY.--_ns._ D[=U]'BIOUSNESS, DUB[=I]'ETY, DUBIOS'ITY, doubtfulness. [L. _dubius_.]

DUBITATE, d[=u]'bi-t[=a]t, _v.i._ to doubt, hesitate.--_adj._ D[=U]'BITABLE.--_ns._ D[=U]'BITANCY, DUBIT[=A]'TION.--_adj._ D[=U]'BITATIVE.--_adv._ D[=U]'BITATIVELY. [L. _dubiti[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_.]

DUCAL, d[=u]'kal, _adj._ pertaining to a duke.--_adv._ D[=U]'CALLY.

DUCAT, duk'at, _n._ a gold coin, formerly much used on the Continent, its commonest value being about 9s. 4d., though there were silver ducats in Italy worth 3s. 4d.--_n._ DUCATOON', an old silver coin in Venice and elsewhere, worth 5 to 6 shillings. [O. Fr. _ducat_--It. _ducato_--_ducatus_, a duchy. The name was applied to an Apulian silver coin of 1140. The first gold ducat struck at Venice in 1284 bore the legend--'Sit tibi Christe datus quem tu regis iste _Ducatus_' ('Be this duchy, which thou rulest, dedicated to thee, O Christ'), which may have helped to spread the name, though it did not originate it.]

DUCHY, duch'i, _n._ the territory of a duke, a dukedom.--_ns._ DUCH'ESS, the consort or widow of a duke; DUCH'Y-COURT, the court of a duchy, esp. that of the duchy of Lancaster.

DUCK, duk, _n._ a kind of coarse cloth for small sails, sacking, &c. [Dut. _doeck_, linen cloth; Ger. _tuch_.]

DUCK, duk, _v.t._ to dip for a moment in water.--_v.i._ to dip or dive: to lower the head suddenly: to cringe, yield.--_n._ a quick plunge, dip: a quick lowering of the head or body, a jerky bow.--_ns._ DUCK'ER, one who ducks: a diving-bird; DUCK'ING; DUCK'ING-POND; DUCK'ING-STOOL, a stool or chair in which scolds were formerly tied and ducked in the water as a punishment. [A.S. _d['u]can_, to duck, dive; Ger. _tauchen_, Dut. _duiken_.]

DUCK, duk, _n._ name given to any member of the family _Anatidae_, the prominent marks of which are short webbed feet, with a small hind-toe not reaching the ground, the netted scales in front of the lower leg, and the long bill: the female duck as distinguished from the male _drake_: in cricket (originally _duck's egg_), the zero (0), which records in a scoring-sheet that a player has made no runs: (_coll._) a darling, sweetheart: a financial defaulter--esp. LAME DUCK: also of things.--_ns._ DUCK'-ANT, a Jamaican termite nesting in trees; DUCK'-BILL, an aquatic burrowing and egg-laying Australian mammal, about 18 inches long, with soft fur, broadly webbed feet, and depressed duck-like bill--also called _Duck-mole_, _Platypus_, and _Ornithorhynchus_.--_adj._ DUCK'-BILLED, having a bill like a duck.--_n._ DUCK'-HAWK, the moor-buzzard or marsh-harrier: the peregrine falcon of the United States.--_adj._ DUCK'-LEGGED, short-legged.--_ns._ DUCK'LING, a young duck; DUCK'S'-FOOT, the lady's mantle; DUCK'-WEED, a name for several species of _Lemna_ and _Wolffia_ growing in ditches; BOMBAY DUCK, bummals; WILD'-DUCK, the mallard.--BREAK ONE'S DUCK (_cricket_), to make one's first run (see above); MAKE, PLAY, DUCKS AND DRAKES, to use recklessly: squander, waste (with _with_, _of_)--from the skipping of a flat stone across the surface of water. [A.S. _duce_, a duck, from, _d['u]can_, to duck, dive.]

DUCT, dukt, _n._ a tube conveying fluids in animal bodies or plants. [L. _ductus_--_duc[)e]re_, to lead.]

DUCTILE, duk'til, _adj._ easily led: yielding: capable of being drawn out into threads.--_ns._ DUCTILIM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the ductility of metals; DUCTIL'ITY, capacity of being drawn out without breaking. [Fr.,--L. _ductilis_--_duc[)e]re_, to lead.]

DUD, dud, _n._ (_coll._) in _pl._ poor or ragged clothes, tatters.--_n._ DUD'DERY, a shop where old clothes are sold, rags collectively.--_adj._ DUD'DY, ragged. [There is a M. E. _dudd_, birrus, a cloak, which may be Celt.]

DUDDER, dud'er, _n._ (_prov._) confusion.

DUDE, d[=u]d, _n._ (_slang_) a fop or dandy, esp. remarkable for the exquisite make and quality of his clothes.--_adj._ D[=U]'DISH.--_n._ D[=U]'DISM. [Hardly from _dud_.]

DUDEEN, d[=u]-d[=e]n', _n._ a short clay tobacco-pipe.

DUDGEON, duj'un, _n._ resentment: grudge. [There is an Anglo-Fr. _digeon_, wood hafts of knives, &c., but a connection cannot be stated. Skeat suggests dubiously W. _dygen_, malice, _dychan_, a jeer.]

DUDGEON, duj'un, _n._ the haft of a dagger: a small dagger. [See above.]

DUE, d[=u], _adj._ owed: that ought to be paid or done to another: proper: appointed, under engagement to be ready, arrive, &c.--_adv._ exactly: directly.--_n._ that which is owed: what one has a right to: perquisite: fee or tribute.--_adj._ DUE'FUL (_Spens._), proper, fit.--GIVE THE DEVIL HIS DUE, to give a fair hearing or fair-play to one of notorious character. [O. Fr. _deu_, pa.p. of _devoir_--L. _deb[=e]re_, to owe.]

DUE, d[=u], _v.t._ (_Shak._) to endue.

DUEL, d[=u]'el, _n._ a combat between two persons, prearranged, and fought under fixed conditions, generally on an affair of honour--happily harmless in France: any fight or struggle between two parties: single combat to decide a quarrel.--_v.i._ to fight in a duel:--_pr.p._ d[=u]'elling; _pa.p._ d[=u]'elled.--_ns._ D[=U]'ELLER, D[=U]'ELLIST; D[=U]'ELLING, fighting in a duel: the practice of fighting in single combat; DUELL'O, a duel: the laws which regulate duelling.--_adj._ D[=U]'ELSOME, given to duelling. [It. _duello_--L. _duellum_, the original form of _bellum_--_duo_, two.]

DUENNA, d[=u]-en'a, _n._ an old lady who acts the part of governess in Spain: an old lady who acts as guardian to a younger. [Sp. _duena_, a form of _dona_, mistress--L. _domina_, fem. of _dominus_, lord.]

DUET, d[=u]-et', DUETTO, d[=u]-et'o, _n._ a composition in music for two voices, instruments, or instrumentalists.--_ns._ DUETTI'NO, a simple duet; DUET'TIST. [It. _duetto_, _due_, two--L. _duo_, two.]

DUFF, duf, _n._ dough: a stiff flour pudding boiled in a bag; decaying vegetable matter, fallen leaves: coaldust. [From _dough_.]

DUFF, duf, _v.t._ to manipulate an article so as to make it look like new: to alter the brands on stolen cattle.

DUFFEL, duf'l, _n._ a thick, coarse woollen cloth, with a thick nap--also DUFF'LE: (_U.S._) change of flannels. [Dut., from _Duffel_, a town near Antwerp.]

DUFFER, duf'[.e]r, _n._ a dull plodding person: a fogy, useless old fellow: a counterfeit coin: a claim or mine which proves unproductive.--_ns._ DUFF'ERDOM, DUFF'ERISM.

DUFFER, duf'[.e]r, _n._ a peddler of dubious goods, sham jewellery, &c.: one who fakes up sham articles, or duffs cattle.

DUG, dug, _n._ the nipple of the pap, esp. applied to that of a cow or other beast. [Cf. Sw. _daegga_, Dan. _daegge_, to suckle a child. See DAIRY.]

DUG, dug, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of DIG.--_n._ DUG'OUT, a boat made by hollowing out the trunk of a tree.

DUGONG, d[=u]-gong', _n._ a kind of herb-eating whale, from 8 to 20 feet long, found in Indian seas--the supposed original of the mermaid. [Malayan _d[=u]yong_.]

DUIKER, DUYKER, d[=i]'k[.e]r, _n._ a small South African antelope. [Dut.]

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DUKE, d[=u]k, _n._ the highest order of nobility next below that of _prince_: (_B._) a chieftain: on the Continent, a sovereign prince.--_ns._ DUKE'DOM, the title, rank, or territories of a duke; DUKE'LING, a petty duke; DUK'ERY, a duke's territory or seat; DUKE'SHIP.--THE DUKERIES, a group of ducal seats in Nottinghamshire. [O. Fr. _duc_--L. _dux_, _ducis_, a leader--_duc[)e]re_, to lead.]

DULCAMARA, dul-ka-m[=a]'ra, _n._ a name for the Bittersweet (q.v.). [Formed from L. _dulcis_, sweet, _amara_, bitter.]

DULCET, duls'et, _adj._ sweet to the taste, or to the ear: melodious, harmonious.--_n._ DULCIFIC[=A]'TION.--_adj._ DULCIF'LUOUS, flowing sweetly.--_v.t._ DUL'CIFY, to make sweet.--_ns._ DULCIL'OQUY, a soft manner of speaking; DUL'CITE, DUL'CITOL, DUL'COSE, a saccharine substance derived from various plants--in its crude form, _Madagascar manna_; DUL'CITUDE, sweetness.--DULCIFIED SPIRIT, a compound of alcohol with mineral acid. [O. Fr. _doucet_, dim. of _dols_ (Fr. _doux_)--L. _dulcis_, sweet.]

DULCIMER, dul'si-m[.e]r, _n._ a musical instrument resembling a flat box, with sounding-board and bridges, across which run wires tuned by pegs at the sides, and played on by striking the wires with a small piece of wood in each hand, or more usually with two cork-headed hammers: a Jewish musical instrument, according to Gesenius, a double pipe with a bag. [Sp. _dulcemele_--L. _dulce melos_, a sweet song--_dulcis_, sweet; _melos_ = Gr. _melos_, a song.]

DULCINEA, dul-sin'[=e]-a, or dul-sin-[=e]'a, _n._ sweetheart. [From _Dulcinea_ del Toboso, the name given by Don Quixote to the mistress of his imagination.]

DULE, dool, _n._ (_Scot._) woe.--_n._ DULE'-TREE, the gallows. [See DOLE.]

DULIA, d[=u]-l[=i]'a, _n._ (_R.C. Church_) that inferior veneration due to saints and angels.--_n._ DULOC'RACY, government by slaves. [Gr. _douleia_--_doulos_, a slave.]

DULL, dul, _adj._ slow of hearing, of learning, or of understanding: insensible: without life or spirit: slow of motion: drowsy: sleepy: sad: downcast: cheerless: not bright or clear: cloudy: dim, obscure: obtuse: blunt.--_v.t._ to make dull or stupid: to blunt: to damp: to cloud.--_v.i._ to become dull.--_n._ DULL'ARD, a dull and stupid person: a dunce.--_adjs._ DULL'-BRAINED (_Shak._), of dull brain or intellect: stupid; DULL'-BROWED, of gloomy brow or look; DULL'-EYED (_Shak._), having eyes dull or wanting expression; DULL'ISH, somewhat dull: wearisome.--_ns._ DULL'NESS, DUL'NESS, the stale or quality of being dull.--_adjs._ DULL'-SIGHT'ED; DULL'-WIT'TED; DULL'Y, somewhat dull.--_adv._ DULL'Y. [A.S. _dol_--_dwelan_, to err; Dut. _dol_, Ger. _toll_, mad.]

DULSE, duls, _n._ an edible seaweed, with red, deeply-divided fronds, eaten in Ireland and elsewhere. [Gael, _duileasg_--_duille_, a leaf, _uisge_, water.]

DULY, d[=u]'li, _adv._ properly: fitly: at the proper time. [See DUE.]