Part 50

CLOG, klog, _n._ a piece of wood: anything hindering motion: an obstruction: an impediment: a shoe with a wooden sole.--_v.t._ to fasten a piece of wood to: to accumulate in a mass and cause a stoppage: to obstruct: to encumber: to put clogs on.--_ns._ CLOG'-AL'MANAC, an early form of almanac having the indicating characters notched on wood, horn, &c.; CLOG'-DANCE, a dance performed with clogs, the clatter keeping time to the music.--_adj._ CLOGGED, encumbered.--_ns._ CLOG'GER, one who makes clogs; CLOG'GINESS.--_adj._ CLOG'GY, lumpy, sticky. [Ety. dub.; prob. related to CLAY; cf. Scot. _clag_, to cover with mud; _claggy_, muddy, sticky.]

CLOISON, kloi'son, _n._ a partition, dividing fillet or band.--_n._ CLOI'SONNAGE, the process of executing cloisonn['e] work.--_adj._ CLOISONN['E], partitioned--of a surface decoration in enamel, the outlines of the design formed by small fillets of metal, the interstices filled with coloured enamel paste, vitrified.--_n._ work of this kind. [Fr.]

CLOISTER, klois't[.e]r, _n._ a covered arcade forming part of a monastic or collegiate establishment: a place of religious retirement, a monastery or nunnery: an enclosed place.--_v.t._ to confine in a cloister: to confine within walls.--_adjs._ CLOIS'TERAL, CLOIS'TRAL, CLAUS'TRAL, pertaining or confined to a cloister: secluded; CLOIS'TERED, dwelling in cloisters.--_ns._ CLOIS'TERER, one belonging to a cloister; CLOIS'TER-GARTH, the court or yard enclosed by a cloister; CLOIS'TRESS (_Shak._), a nun.--THE CLOISTER, the monastic life. [O. Fr. _cloistre_ (A.S. _clauster_)--L. _claustrum_--_claud[)e]re_, _clausum_, to shut.]

CLOKE, kl[=o]k, _n._ Same as CLOAK.

CLOMB, kl[=o]m, old _pa.t._ of CLIMB.

CLONIC, klon'ik, _adj._ pertaining to clonus, with alternate convulsive contractions and relaxations of the muscles (of spasms)--opp. to _Tonic_.--_n._ CL[=O]'NUS, a clonic spasm. [Gr.]

CLOOP, kloop, _n._ the sound made when the cork is drawn from a bottle. [From the sound.]

CLOOT, kloot, _n._ a cloven hoof: (_pl._) the devil.--_n._ CLOOT'IE, the devil, because of his cloven hoof. [Scot.; ety. dub.]

CLOSE, kl[=o]s, _adj._ shut up: with no opening: confined, unventilated: stifling: narrow: stingy: near, in time or place: intimate: compact, as opposed to _discursive_: crowded: hidden: reserved: private: secret.--_adv._ in a close manner: tightly; nearly: densely.--_n._ an enclosed place: a small enclosed field: a narrow passage of a street: the precinct of a cathedral.--_adjs._ CLOSE'-BAND'ED, closely united; CLOSE'-BARRED, firmly closed; CLOSE'-BOD'IED, fitting close to the body.--_n._ CLOSE'-CORPOR[=A]'TION, a corporation which fills up its own vacancies, without outside interference.--_adjs._ CLOSE'-FIST'ED, CLOSE'-HAND'ED, penurious, covetous; CLOSE'-GRAINED, with the fibres, &c., close together, compact; CLOSE'-HAULED, noting the trim of a ship when sailing as near as possible to the wind.--_adv._ CLOSE'LY.--_ns._ CLOSE'NESS; CLOSE'-STOOL, a chamber utensil enclosed in a box or stool; CLOSE'-SEA'SON, CLOSE'-TIME, a time of the year when it is against the law to kill certain animals, esp. game.--_adj._ CLOSE'-TONGUED (_Shak._), cautious in speaking. [Fr. _clos_, shut--L. _claud[)e]re_, _clausum_, to shut.]

CLOSE, kl[=o]z, _v.t._ to make close: to draw together and unite: to finish.--_v.i._ to come together: to grapple: to come to an end (_with_).--_n._ the manner or time of closing: a pause or stop: the end: junction: (_Shak._) encounter.--_ns._ CLOS'ER, one who concludes; CLOS'ING, enclosing: ending: agreement; CLOS'URE, the act of closing: the end: the stopping of a debate in the House of Commons by the vote of the House.--CLOSE A BARGAIN, to make an agreement; CLOSE WITH, to accede to: to grapple with.--WITH CLOSED DOORS, in private, the public being excluded, as in special cases in court, &c.

CLOSET, kloz'et, _n._ a small private room: a recess off a room: a privy: the private chamber of a sovereign, an apartment for private audience or council, or for private or domestic devotions.--_v.t._ to shut up in or take into a closet: to conceal:--_pr.p._ clos'eting; _pa.p._ clos'eted.--_n._ BED'-CLOS'ET, a small recess for a bed. [O. Fr. _closet_, dim. of _clos_. See CLOSE.]

CLOT, klot, _n._ a mass of soft or fluid matter concreted, as blood.--_v.i._ to form into clots: to coagulate:--_pr.p._ clot'ting; _pa.p._ clot'ted.--_n._ CLOT'POLL (_Shak._), a clodpoll, a blockhead.--_v.t._ CLOT'TER, to coagulate.--_ns._ CLOT'TINESS; CLOT'TING, coagulation.--_adj._ CLOT'TY.--CLOTTED (also CLOUTED) CREAM, a famous Devonshire dainty, skimmed off milk that has been 'scalded' or heated after standing 24 hours, with a little sugar thrown on the top. [A.S. _clott_, a clod of earth; cf. Dut. _klos_, block; Dan. _klods_; Ger. _klotz_.]

CLOTH, kloth, _n._ woven material from which garments or coverings are made: clothing: the usual dress of a trade or profession, esp. the clerical:--_pl._ CLOTHS.--_v.t._ CLOTHE (kl[=o]_th_), to cover with a garment: to provide with clothes: (_fig._) to invest as with a garment: to cover:--_pr.p._ cl[=o]th'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ cl[=o]thed or clad.--_n.pl._ CLOTHES (kl[=o]_th_z, _coll._ kl[=o]z), garments or articles of dress: blankets for a bed.--_ns._ CLOTHES'-BAS'KET, a large basket for holding and carrying clothes; CLOTHES'-BRUSH, a brush for clothes; CLOTHES'-HORSE, CLOTHES'-SCREEN, a frame for hanging clothes on to dry; CLOTHES'-LINE, a rope or wire for hanging clothes on to dry; CLOTHES'-MOTH, one of various tineas whose larvae feed on furs, woollens, &c., spinning cases out of these; CLOTHES'-PIN, a forked piece of wood to secure clothes on a line; CLOTHES'-PRESS, a place for holding clothes; CLOTH'-HALL, a cloth-exchange building or market; CLOTH'IER, one who makes or sells cloth; CLOTH'ING, clothes, garments: covering; CLOTH'-YARD, formerly the yard by which cloth was measured.--CLOTH OF GOLD, a tissue consisting of threads of gold and silk or wool; CLOTH OF STATE, a canopy; CLOTH-YARD SHAFT, an arrow a cloth-yard long.--CLOTHE IN WORDS, to express ideas in words; CLOTHE ON, or UPON, to invest: to cover.--AMERICAN CLOTH, a kind of enamelled cloth, used for covering chairs, &c.--THE CLOTH, the clerical profession: the clergy. [A.S. _cl['a]th_, cloth; Ger. _kleid_, a garment.]

CLOTURE, klot'[=u]r, _n._ Same as CLOSURE. [Fr. _cl[^o]ture_--L. _claud[)e]re_, _clausum_, to shut.]

CLOUD, klowd, _n._ a mass of fog, consisting of minute particles of water, often in a frozen state, floating in the atmosphere: (_fig._) anything unsubstantial: a great number or multitude of anything, as the New Test. 'cloud of witnesses:' anything that obscures, as a cloud: a dark spot on a lighter material: a great volume of dust or smoke: anything gloomy, overhanging, or bodeful.--_v.t._ to overspread with clouds: to darken: to defame: to stain with dark spots or streaks.--_v.i._ to become clouded or darkened.--_ns._ CLOUD'AGE; CLOUD'-BERR'Y, a low plant related to the bramble, found on elevated moors in Britain, with an orange-red berry of delightful flavour.--_adj._ CLOUD'-BUILT, made of clouds, unsubstantial.--_n._ CLOUD'-BURST, a sudden flood of rain over a small area.--_adjs._ CLOUD'-CAPT (_Shak._), capped with or touching the clouds; CLOUD'-COMPEL'LING, driving or collecting the clouds, an epithet of Jupiter; CLOUD'ED, hidden by clouds: (_fig._) darkened: indistinct: variegated with spots, as a 'clouded cane,' &c.--_n._ CLOUD'ERY.--_adv._ CLOUD'ILY.--_ns._ CLOUD'INESS; CLOUD'ING, a cloudy appearance.--_adj._ growing dim.--_adjs._ CLOUD'-KISS'ING (_Shak._), touching the clouds; CLOUD'LESS, unclouded, clear.--_adv._ CLOUD'LESSLY.--_n._ CLOUD'LET, a little cloud.--_adjs._ CLOUD'-TOPPED, covered with or touching the clouds; CLOUD'Y, darkened with, or consisting of, clouds: obscure: gloomy: stained with dark spots: (_coll._) 'shady.'--WAIT TILL THE CLOUDS ROLL BY, to wait for more favourable circumstances.--UNDER A CLOUD, in trouble or disfavour. [A.S. _cl['u]d_, a hill, then a cloud, the root idea being a mass or ball. CLOD and CLOT are from the same root.]

CLOUGH, kluf, or klow, _n._ a ravine: a valley. [Scot. _cleuch_; ety. dub.]

CLOUR, kl[=oo]r, _n._ a knock: a swelling caused by a knock.--_v.t._ to knock: to raise a bump. [Scot.; cf. Ice. _kl['o]r_.]

CLOUT, klowt, _n._ a piece of cloth used for mending: a rag: a piece of cloth used by archers to shoot at, then the shot itself: a blow: a cuff.--_v.t._ to mend with a patch: to cover with a cloth: to cuff.--_p.adj._ CLOUT'ED (_Shak._), heavy and patched, as shoes having nails in the soles: covered with a clout.--_adj._ CLOUT'ERLY, clownish.--_ns._ CLOUT'-NAIL, a large-headed nail used for the soles of boots; CLOUT'-SHOE, a shoe having the sole protected by clout-nails. [A.S. _cl['u]t_; cf. Ice. _kl['u]tr_, a kerchief; Dan. _klud_, rag.]

CLOUTED, klowt'ed, _p.adj._ clotted, as cream. [See CLOT.]

CLOVE, kl[=o]v, _pa.t._ of CLEAVE.--_n._ CLOVE'-HITCH (see HITCH.)

CLOVE, kl[=o]v, _n._ the unexpanded flower-bud of the clove-tree, a native of the Moluccas, used as a spice.--_ns._ CLOVE'-GILL'YFLOWER, a clove-scented species of pink; CLOVE'-PINK, a variety of pink which has an odour like that of cloves. [Fr. _clou_, in full _clou de girofle_, nail of the girofle, so called from the shape of the bud and its stalk--L. _clavus_, a nail.]

CLOVEN, cl[=o]v'n, _p.adj._ split: divided.--_adjs._ CLOV'EN-FOOT'ED, CLOV'EN-HOOFED, having the hoof divided, as the ox or sheep.--THE CLOVEN HOOF, applied to any indication of devilish agency or temptation, from the early representation of the devil with cloven hoofs--prob. from Pan, some of whose characteristics he shares. [Pa.p. of CLEAVE, to divide.]

CLOVER, kl[=o]v'[.e]r, _n._ a genus of plants containing a great number of species, natives chiefly of temperate climates, affording rich pasturage.--_adj._ CLOV'ERED, covered with clover.--_n._ CLOV'ER-GRASS, clover.--_adj._ CLOV'ERY, abounding in clover.--LIVE IN CLOVER, to live luxuriously or in abundance. [A.S. _cl['a]fre_; Dut. _klaver_; Dan. _kl[:o]ver_; Ger. _klee_.]

CLOWN, klown, _n._ a rustic or country-fellow: one with the rough manners of a countryman: an ill-bred fellow: a fool or buffoon.--_ns._ CLOWN'ERY, a clown's performance; CLOWN'ING, acting the clown.--_adj._ CLOWN'ISH, of or like a clown: coarse and awkward: rustic.--_adv._ CLOWN'ISHLY.--_ns._ CLOWN'ISHNESS; CLOWN'SHIP. [Prob. conn. with CLOD, and CLOT.]

CLOY, kloi, _v.t._ to fill to loathing: to satiate: (_Spens._) to gore:--_pr.p._ cloy'ing; _pa.p._ cloyed.--_adjs._ CLOYED, clagged: cumbered; CLOY'ING, satiating; CLOY'LESS (_Shak._) that cannot cloy.--_n._ CLOY'MENT (_Shak._), satiety, surfeit.--_adj._ CLOY'SOME, satiating. [Fr. _clouer_, to drive a nail into, to spike or stop, as a gun, from L. _clavus_, a nail.]

CLOY, kloi, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to stroke with a claw. [Perh. a corr. of CLAW.]

CLUB, klub, _n._ a heavy tapering stick, knobby or massy at one end, used to strike with: a cudgel: a bat used in certain games: an instrument for playing golf, variously with wooden heads, iron heads, and wooden heads with brass soles: a bunch; one of the four suits of cards: a combination: a clique, set: an association of persons for the joint study of literature, politics, &c., or for social ends: an association of persons who possess a building as a common resort for the members: a club-house, or the house occupied by a club.--_v.t._ to beat with a club: to gather into a bunch: to combine: to throw soldiers into confusion.--_v.i._ to join together for some common end: to combine together: to share in a common expense.--_adjs._ CLUB'BABLE, sociable; CLUBBED, like a club.--_n._ CLUB'BING, beating: combination: a disease in some plants.--_adj._ CLUB'BISH, given to clubs.--_ns._ CLUB'BISM, the club system; CLUB'BIST, CLUB'-FOOT, a deformed foot.--_adj._ CLUB'-FOOT'ED.--_n._ CLUB'-GRASS, a species of grass having a club-shaped articulation.--_v.t._ CLUB'-HAUL, (_naut._), to tack by dropping the lee anchor and slipping the cable.--_adj._ CLUB'HEAD'ED, having a thick head.--_ns._ CLUB'-HOUSE, a house for the accommodation of a club; CLUB'-LAW, government by violence; CLUB'-MAN, one who carries a club: a member of a club; CLUB'-MAS'TER, the manager of, or purveyor for, a club; CLUB'-MOSS, one of the four genera of _Lycopodiaceae_; CLUB'-ROOM, the room in which a club meets; CLUB'-RUSH, a plant of many varieties of the genus _Scripus_ or rush.--_n.pl._ CLUBS (see CLUMPS). [Ice. and Sw. _klubba_; same root as CLUMP.]

CLUCK, kluk, _n._ the call of a hen to her chickens: any similar sound.--_v.i._ to make the sound of a hen when calling on her chickens.--_n._ CLUCK'ING, the noise made by a hen when calling her chickens.--_adj._ that clucks. [From the sound, like Dut. _klokken_, Ger. _glucken_, Dan. _klukke_.]

CLUE, kl[=oo] (see CLEW).--_adj._ CLUE'LESS, without trace.

CLUMBER, klumb'[.e]r, _n._ a kind of spaniel. [_Clumber_, in Notts, a seat of the Duke of Newcastle.]

CLUMP, klump, _n._ a thick, short, shapeless piece of anything: a cluster of trees or shrubs: a thick sole put on in addition.--_v.i._ to walk heavily.--_v.t._ to put in a clump.--_n.pl._ CLUMPS, a parlour game of question and answer--also CLUBS.--_adj._ CLUMP'Y, abounding in clumps: heavy. [Prob. Scand.; Dan. _klump_, a lump. Cf. Ger. _klump_, and CLUB.]

CLUMSY, klum'zi, _adj._ shapeless: ill-made: unwieldy: awkward: ungainly.--_adj._ CLUM'SILY.--_n._ CLUM'SINESS. [M. E. _clomsen_, to be stiff or benumbed; most prob. Scand.; allied to CLAMP.]

CLUNCH, klunsh, _n._ the miner's name for tough indurated clay, sometimes found in the coal-measures. [Ety. dub.; prob. related to CLUMP.]

CLUNG, klung, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of CLING.

CLUNK, klungk, _n._ the sound of a liquid coming out of a bottle when the cork has been quickly drawn.--_v.i._ to make such a sound. [Scot.; from the sound.]

CLUPEOID, kl[=oo]'p[=e]-oid, _n._ a kind of herring. [L. _clupea_, a kind of fish.]

CLUSTER, klus't[.e]r, _n._ a number of things of the same kind growing or joined together: a bunch: a mass: a crowd.--_v.i._ to grow or gather into clusters.--_v.t._ to collect into clusters; to cover with clusters.--_adjs._ CLUS'TERED, grouped; CLUS'TERING, CLUS'TERY.--CLUSTERED COLUMN, a pier which consists of several columns or shafts clustered together. [A.S. _clyster_; Low Ger. _kluster_; cf. CLOT.]

CLUTCH, kluch, _v.t._ to close the hand: to carry off: to hold firmly: to seize or grasp.--_n._ a grasp; seizure.--_n.pl._ CLUTCH'ES, the hands or paws: cruelty: rapacity. [M. E. _cloche_, _cloke_, claw; prob. allied to M. E. _clechen_--A.S. _gelaeccan_. Cf. LATCH.]

CLUTCH, kluch, _n._ (_prov._) a brood of chickens, a 'sitting' of eggs.--_v.t._ to hatch.

CLUTTER, klut'[.e]r, _n._ confusion: stir: noise.--_v.i._ to crowd together: to go about noisily.--_v.t._ to pack. [A variant of CLATTER.]

CLY, kl[=i], _v.t._ (_slang_) to seize, steal.--_ns._ CLY'-FAK'ER, a pickpocket; CLY'-FAK'ING, pocket-picking. [Prob. related to CLAW; referred by some to Dut. _kleed_, a garment, 'to fake a cly' = to take a garment.]

CLYPEUS, klip'[=e]-us, _n._ the shield-like part of an insect's head.--_adjs._ CLYP'[=E]AL, CLYP'[=E]ATE, CLYP'[=E]IFORM, in the shape or form of a shield. [L. _clipeus_, _clypeus_, a shield.]

CLYSTER, klis't[.e]r, _n._ a liquid injected into the intestines to wash them out.--_n._ CLYS'TER-PIPE (_Shak._), a pipe or syringe for injecting a clyster. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _klyzein_, to wash out.]

CNIDA, kn[=i]'da, _n._ one of the thread-cells of the _Coelenterata_, whence is their power of stinging:--_pl._ CN[=I]'DAE. [Late L.,--Gr. _knid[=e]_, a nettle.]

CO., k[=o], an abbreviation for COMPANY.

CO-, k[=o], a common prefix, signifying jointness, accompaniment, connection. [L. _cum_, with.]

COACH, k[=o]ch, _n._ a large, close, four-wheeled carriage: a private tutor: a professional trainer in athletics.--_v.t._ to carry in a coach: to tutor, instruct, prepare others for, as an examination or a rowing contest, &c.--_v.t._ to study under a tutor.--_ns._ COACH'-BOX, the seat on which the driver of a coach sits; COACH'DOG, a spotted dog, kept chiefly as an attendant on coaches, called also _Dalmatian Dog_; COACH'EE, COACH'Y, a coachman; COACH'-FELL'OW, a yoke-fellow, comrade; COACH'-HIRE, money paid for the use of a hired coach; COACH'-HORSE, a horse used for drawing a coach; COACH'-HOUSE, a house to keep a coach in; COACH'ING, travelling by coach: tutoring: instruction; COACH'MAN, the driver of a coach; COACH'-OFF'ICE, a booking-office for passengers and parcels by stage-coach; COACH'-STAND, a place where coaches stand for hire; COACH'-WHEEL; COACH'-WHIP.--_adj._ COACH'Y, pertaining to a coach. [Fr. _coche_--Hung. _kocsi_ (pron. kot'shi), from _Kocs_, a place south of Komorn.]

COACT, k[=o]-akt', _v.i._ (_Shak._) to act together.--_adj._ COACT'IVE (_Shak._), acting together.--_n._ COACTIV'ITY.

COACT, k[=o]-akt', _v.t._ to compel.--_n._ COAC'TION, compulsion.--_adj._ COACT'IVE, compulsory. [L. _cog[)e]re_, _coactum_, to compel.]

COADJACENT, k[=o]-ad-j[=a]s'ent, _adj._ contiguous.--_n._ COADJAC'ENCY. [CO- and ADJACENT.]

COADJUTANT, k[=o]-ad-j[=oo]'tant, or ko-ad'joo-tant, _adj._ mutually helping or assisting.--_n._ one of several who help another.--_ns._ COADJU'TOR, a helper or assistant: an associate:--_fem._ COADJU'TRESS, COADJU'TRIX; COADJU'TORSHIP. [L. _co_, with, _adjutor_, a helper--_ad_, to, _juv-[=a]re_, to help.]

COADUNATE, k[=o]-ad'[=u]-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to unite: to combine.--_n._ COADUN[=A]'TION.--_adj._ COAD'UN[=A]TIVE. [CO-, and L. _adun[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to unite.]

CO-AGENCY, k[=o]-[=a]'jen-si, _n._ agency with another.--_n._ CO-[=A]'GENT, one acting with another.

COAGULATE, k[=o]-ag'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to make to curdle or congeal.--_v.i._ to curdle or congeal.--_adj._ clotted: congealed.--_n._ COAGULABIL'ITY.--_adj._ COAG'ULABLE.--_ns._ COAG[=U]'LANT, a substance which causes coagulation, as rennet; COAGUL[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ COAG'UL[=A]TIVE; COAG'UL[=A]TORY.--_n._ COAG'ULUM, what is coagulated. [L. _coagul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, _co-_, together, _ag-[)e]re_, to drive.]

COAITA, k[=o]-[=i]'ta, _n._ a small South American monkey--the red-faced Spider Monkey.

COAL, k[=o]l, _n._ a solid, black, combustible substance used for fuel, dug out of the earth: cinder.--_v.i._ to take in coal.--_v.t._ to supply with coal.--_n._ COAL'-BED, a stratum of coal.--_adj._ COAL'-BLACK, black as coal, very black.--_ns._ COAL'-BOX, a box for holding coal; COAL'-BRASS, a name applied to the pyrites in the coal-measures; COAL'FIELD, a field or district containing coal strata; COAL'-FISH, a fish of the cod family, so named from the black colour of its back; COAL'-GAS, the mixture of gases produced by the destructive distillation of coal, chiefly carburetted hydrogen--giving the gaslight in common use; COAL'-HEAV'ER, one employed in carrying coal; COAL'-HOUSE, a covered-in place for keeping coal; COAL'MAN, one who has to do with coals; COAL'-MAS'TER, the owner or lessee of a coalfield; COAL'-MEAS'URE, a measure by which the quantity of coal is ascertained: (_pl._) the group of carboniferous strata in which coal is found (_geol._); COAL'-MINE, COAL'-PIT, a pit or mine from which coal is dug; COAL'-OWN'ER, one who owns a colliery; COAL'-PLANT, a fossil plant of the carboniferous strata; COAL'-SCUTT'LE, a vessel for holding coal; COAL'-TAR, or _Gas-tar_, a thick, black, opaque liquid which condenses in the pipes when coal or petroleum is distilled; COAL'-TRIM'MER, one who stores or shifts coal on board vessels; COAL'-WHIP'PER, one employed in unloading coal from vessels at anchor to barges which convey it to the wharves.--_adj._ COAL'Y, of or like coal.--COALING STATION, a port at which steamships take in coal; COAL-SCUTTLE BONNET, a woman's bonnet, shaped like a coal-scuttle upside down.--BLIND or ANTHRACITE COAL, that which does not flame when kindled; BITUMINOUS COAL, that which does; BROWN COAL (see BROWN); CAKING COAL, a bituminous coal which cakes or fuses into one mass in the fire; CANNEL or PARROT COAL (see CANNEL); CHERRY or SOFT COAL, coal breaking off easily into small, irregular cubes, having beautiful shining lustre; SPLINT, HARD, or BLOCK COAL, plentiful in Scotland, hard, breaking into cuboidal blocks.--BLOW THE COALS, to excite passion; CARRY COALS TO NEWCASTLE, to take a thing where it is least needed; HAUL OVER THE COALS, reprimand--from the discipline applied to heretics; HEAP COALS OF FIRE ON THE HEAD, to excite remorse by returning good for evil (Rom. xii. 20). [A.S. _col_; cog. with Ice. _kol_, Ger. _kohle_.]

COALESCE, k[=o]-al-es', _v.i._ to grow together or unite into one body: to associate.--_adj._ COALES'CENT, uniting.--_n._ COALES'CENCE, union. [L. _coalesc[)e]re_, _co-_, together, and _alesc[)e]re_, to grow up.]

COALITION, k[=o]-al-ish'un, _n._ act of coalescing, or uniting into one body: a union of persons, states, &c., which agree to sink their differences and act in common: alliance.--_v.i._ C[=O]'ALISE, to make an alliance.--_n._ COALI'TIONIST, one of a coalition.

COAMINGS, k[=o]m'ingz, _n.pl._ (_naut._) raised work about the edges of the hatches of a ship to prevent the water from running into the apartments below. [Der. unknown.]

COAPTATION, ko-ap-t[=a]'shun, _n._ adaptation of parts to each other. [L.]

COARB. See COMARB.

COARCTATE, k[=o]-ark't[=a]t, _adj._ compressed.--_n._ COARCT[=A]'TION. [L. _coart[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to compress together.]

COARSE, k[=o]rs, _adj._ rough: rude: uncivil: vulgar: harsh: gross.--_adj._ COARSE'-GRAINED, coarse in the grain, as wood: (_fig._) inelegant, gross.--_adv._ COARSE'LY.--_v.t._ COARS'EN, to make coarse.--_n._ COARSE'NESS.--_adj._ COARS'ISH, somewhat coarse. [From phrase 'in course,' hence _ordinary_.]

COAST, k[=o]st, _n._ side or border of land next the sea: the seashore: limit or border of a country.--_v.i._ to sail along or near a coast: to travel downhill on a bicycle with the feet on the foot-rests.--_v.t._ to sail by or near to.--_ns._ COAST'ER, a vessel that sails along the coast; COAST'-GUARD, a body of men organised to act as a guard along the coast, originally intended to prevent smuggling.--_adj._ COAST'ING, keeping near the coast: trading between ports in the same country.--_n._ the act of sailing, or of trading, along the coast: advances towards acquaintance, courtship: riding downhill on a bicycle with the feet up.--_ns._ COAST'-LINE, the line or boundary of a coast: shore-line; COAST'-WAIT'ER, a custom-house officer who waits upon and superintends the cargoes of vessels engaged in the coasting trade.--_advs._ COASTWARD, -S, toward the coast; COAST'WISE, along the coast.--_adj._ carried on along the coast. [O. Fr. _coste_ (Fr. _c[^o]te_)--L. _costa_, a rib, side.]

COAT, k[=o]t, _n._ a kind of outer garment: the hair or wool of a beast: vesture or habit: any covering: a garment worn by women and children, and hanging from the waist downwards: a membrane or layer, such as paint, &c.: a coat of arms.--_v.t._ to clothe: to cover with a coat or layer.--_ns._ COAT'-ARM'OUR, coat of arms: armorial devices; COAT'-CARD, a card bearing the representation of a coated figure, the king, queen, or knave--now, less correctly, called _Court-card_; COATEE', a close-fitting coat with short tails; COAT'ING, a covering: cloth for coats.--COAT OF ARMS, the family insignia embroidered on the surcoat worn over the hauberk, or coat of mail: the heraldic bearings of a gentleman; COAT OF MAIL, a piece of armour for the upper part of the body, made of metal scales or rings linked one with another.--TURN ONE'S COAT, to change one's principles, or to turn from one party to another. [O. Fr. _cote_ (Fr. _cotte_)--Low L. _cottus_, _cotta_, a tunic; the further ety. is uncertain.]

COATI, k[=o]-[:a]'ti, or k[=o]'a-ti, _n._ an American plantigrade carnivorous mammal allied to the raccoons.--Also CO[:A]'TI-MUN'DI. [Tupi.]

COAX, k[=o]ks, _v.t._ to persuade by fondling or flattery: to humour or soothe: to pet.--_ns._ COAX, COAX'ER, one who coaxes.--_adv._ COAX'INGLY. [M. E. _cokes_, a simpleton; of obscure origin.]

CO-AXIAL, k[=o]-ak'si-al, _adj._ having the same axis.--_adv._ COAX'IALLY.

COB, kob, _n._ a head of maize: a short-legged strong horse for heavy weights: a male swan--also COB'-SWAN.--_ns._ COB'LOAF, a large loaf: (_Shak._) an expression of contempt; COB'NUT, a large variety of the hazel-nut: a game played by children with nuts. [Prob. conn. with COP.]

COB, kob, _n._ a kind of composition of clay and straw for building.--_n._ COB'-WALL, a wall built of this.

COB, kob, _v.t._ to strike, to thump the buttocks.

COBALT, k[=o]'bawlt, _n._ a metal the ores of which are sparingly distributed--in the metallic state found in meteoric stones or aerolites, generally occurring combined with arsenic: a blue pigment, prepared from the foregoing--also C[=O]'BALT-BLUE.--_adj._ of this deep-blue colour.--_adjs._ COBALT'IC; COBALTIF'EROUS.--_n._ C[=O]'BALTITE, a sulpharsenide of cobalt. [Ger. _kobalt_, from _kobold_, a demon, a nickname given by the German miners, because they supposed it to be a mischievous and hurtful metal.]

COBBLE, kob'l, _n._ a stone worn smooth by water.--_n._ COBB'LE-STONE, a rounded stone used in paving.--_v.t._ to pave with such. [Ety. dub.]

COBBLE, kob'l, _v.t._ to patch up or mend coarsely, as shoes.--_ns._ COBB'LER, one who cobbles or mends shoes: a drink made up of wine, sugar, &c., and sucked through a straw; COBBLER'S PUNCH, a warm drink made of beer, with the addition of spirit, sugar, and spice. [Der. unknown.]

CO-BELLIGERENT, k[=o]-be-lij'e-rent, _adj._ and _n._ co-operating in warfare.

COBLE, COBBLE, kob'l, _n._ a small flat-bottomed fishing-boat. [Cf. W. _ceubal_, a hollow trunk, a boat.]

COBRA, COBRA DA CAPELLO, k[=o]'bra da ka-pel'o, _n._ a poisonous snake, native of the East Indies, which dilates the back and sides of the neck so as to resemble a hood. [Port., lit. 'snake of the hood.']

COBURG, k[=o]'burg, _n._ a thin fabric of worsted with cotton or silk, twilled on one side. [_Coburg_, a town in Germany.]

COBWEB, kob'web, _n._ the spider's web or net: any snare or device intended to entrap: anything flimsy or easily broken: anything that obscures.--_n._ COBWEB'BERY.--_adj._ COB'WEBBY. [Prob. shortened from M. E. _atter-cop-web_--A.S. _['a]tor_, poison, and _coppa_--W. _cop_, a head, tuft. See also WEB.]

COCA, k[=o]'ka, _n._ a shrub of six or eight feet high, of which the leaves furnish an important narcotic and stimulant.--_ns._ COCAINE (k[=o]'k[:a]-in), a local anaesthetic made from coca-leaves, and much used in dentistry and surgical operations; COCAINIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ C[=O]'CAINISE.--_n._ C[=O]'CAINISM, a morbid condition induced by over-use of cocaine. [Sp.,--Peruv.]

COCAGNE, COCAIGNE. Same as COCKAIGNE.

COCCIFEROUS, kok-sif'[.e]r-us, _adj._ berry-bearing. [L. _coccum_ (--Gr. _kokkos_), a berry, and _ferre_, to bear.]

COCCOLITE, kok'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a variety of pyroxene: a small rounded body found in deep-sea mud.--Also COCC'OLITH. [Gr. _kokkos_, a berry, _lithos_, a stone.]