Part 40

CARCANET, k[:a]r'ka-net, _n._ a collar of jewels. [_Carcan_, an obsolete word for an iron collar used for punishment--Low L. _carcannum_, from Teut.]

CARCASS, CARCASE, k[:a]r'kas, _n._ a dead body or corpse, no longer used of the human body: the framework of anything: a ruin: a kind of bombshell. [Fr. _carcasse_, a skeleton (It. _carcasso_, a quiver), prob. from Late Gr. _tarkasion_, which is perh. the Pers. _tarkash_, a quiver.]

CARCINOLOGY, k[:a]r-si-nol'[=o]-ji, _n._ that department of zoology which treats of crabs and other crustaceans.--_adj._ CARCINOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ CARCINOL'OGIST. [Gr. _karkinos_, a crab, _logia-legein_, to speak.]

CARCINOMA, kar-si-n[=o]ma, _n._ a cancer (see CANCER).--_adj._ CARCIN[=O]'MATOUS.--_n._ CARCIN[=O]'SIS, the growth and development of cancer. [Gr.]

CARD, k[:a]rd, _n._ a piece of pasteboard marked with figures for playing a game, or with a person's address upon it: a note.--_ns._ CARD'-BOARD, a stiff, finely finished pasteboard; CARD'-CASE, a case for carrying visiting-cards; CARD'-SHARP'ER, one who cheats at cards; CARD'-T[=A]'BLE, a table for playing cards on.--A KNOWING CARD (_slang_), one who is wide awake; A SURE CARD, an undertaking which will be sure to succeed.--HAVE THE CARDS IN ONE'S HANDS, to have everything under one's control; HOUSE OF CARDS, something flimsy or unsubstantial; ON THE CARDS, likely to turn up; PLAY ONE'S CARDS WELL, or BADLY, to make, or not to make, the best of one's chances; SHOW ONE'S CARDS, to expose one's secrets or designs; SPEAK BY THE CARD, to speak with elegance and to the point; THROW UP THE CARDS, to give in: to confess defeat. [Fr. _carte_--L. _charta_, Gr. _chart[=e]s_, paper. CARTE is a doublet.]

CARD, k[:a]rd, _n._ an instrument for combing wool or flax.--_v.t._ to comb wool, &c.--_n._ CARD'ER, one who has to do with carding wool. [Fr. _carde_--L. _carduus_, a thistle.]

CARDAMINE, k[:a]r'da-m[=i]n, _n._ a genus of cress, including the cuckoo-flower or lady's smock, &c. [Gr. _kardamin[=e]_--_kardamon_, cress.]

CARDAMOM, k[:a]r'da-mom, _n._ the capsules of certain tropical plants, which form an aromatic, pungent spice. [L. _cardamomum_--Gr. _kardam[=o]mon_.]

CARDECU, kar'de-k[=u], _n._ (_obs._) an old French silver coin. [Fr. _quart d'['e]cu_, quarter of a crown.]

CARDIAC, k[:a]r'di-ak, _adj._ belonging to the heart: cordial, reviving--also CARDIAC'AL.--_ns._ CAR'DIAC, a disease of the heart: a cordial; CAR'DIALGY, CARDIAL'GIA, an uneasy sensation or burning pain at the upper orifice of the stomach, apparently at the heart--hence called heartburn; CAR'DIOGRAPH, an apparatus for recording by a tracing--CAR'DIOGRAM--the movements of the heart; CAR'DIOID, a geometrical curve, so called from its heart-like form; CARD[=I]T'IS, inflammation of the heart. [L.--Gr. _kardiakos_--_kardia_, the heart.]

CARDIGAN, kar'de-gan, _n._ a knitted woollen jacket, named from the Crimean hero, the Earl of _Cardigan_ (1797-1868).

CARDINAL, k[:a]r'din-al, _adj._ denoting that on which a thing hinges or depends: principal; of a deep scarlet colour, like a cardinal's cassock.--_n._ one of the seventy princes of the church constituting the sacred college at Rome, to whom pertains the right of electing a new pope: a short cloak, formerly worn by ladies.--_ns._ CAR'DINALATE, CAR'DINALSHIP, the office or dignity of a cardinal; CAR'DINAL-BIRD, a species of grosbeak, one of the finest song-birds of America, probably so called from its red plumage.--_adv._ CAR'DINALLY, fundamentally: (_Shak._, _Measure for Measure_, II. i. 81) carnally.--CARDINAL FLOWER (see LOBELIA); CARDINAL NUMBERS, numbers expressing how many; CARDINAL POINTS, the four chief points of the compass--north, south, east, and west; CARDINAL VIRTUES, justice, prudence, temperance, fortitude, so called because the whole of human nature was supposed to hinge or turn upon them--the _natural_ as distinguished from the _theological_ virtues. [Fr.--L. _cardinalis_--_cardo_, _cardinis_, a hinge.]

CARDOON, kar-d[=oo]n', _n._ a perennial plant, the prickly artichoke of the Mediterranean region.--Also CHARDOON'. [O. Fr.,--L. _carduus_, a thistle.]

CARDUUS, kar'd[=u]-us, _n._ (_Shak._) a thistle.--_n._ CARD[=O]'PHAGUS, a thistle-eater, a donkey. [L.,--Gr. _kardos_, thistle; _phagos_, eater.]

CARE, k[=a]r, _n._ anxiety, heedfulness: charge, oversight: the object of anxiety.--_v.i._ to be anxious: to be inclined: to have regard.--_adjs._ CARE'-CRAZED (_Shak._), crazed or broken with care and solicitude; CARE'FUL, full of care: heedful: (_B._) anxious: (_Spens._) dreadful.--_adv._ CARE'FULLY.--_n._ CARE'FULNESS.--_adj._ CARE'LESS, without care: heedless, unconcerned.--_ns._ CARE'LESSNESS; CARE'-TAK'ER, one put in charge of anything, esp. of an Irish farm from which a tenant has been evicted.--_adj._ CARE'WORN, worn or vexed with care.--TAKE CARE, to be careful or cautious; TAKE CARE OF, to look after with care. [A.S. _caru_; Goth. _kara_, sorrow; Ice. _kaera_, to lament; Celt. _car_, care; allied to L. _carus_, dear.]

CAREEN, ka-r[=e]n', _v.t._ to lay a ship on her side to repair her bottom and keel.--_v.i._ of a ship, to move with an inclination to one side.--_n._ the position of a ship laid on one side.--_n._ CAREEN'AGE, a place where ships are careened: the cost of careening. [Fr. _car[`e]ne_--L. _carina_, the bottom of a ship, the keel.]

CAREER, ka-r[=e]r', _n._ a racecourse: a race: course of action: manner of life; _v.i._ to gallop: to move or run rapidly. [Fr. _carri[`e]re_, a racecourse. See CAR.]

CAR[^E]ME, kar-[=a]m', _n._ Lent. [Fr.]

CARESS, ka-res', _v.t._ to treat with affection: to fondle: to embrace.--_n._ any act or expression of affection. [Fr. _caresser_--It. _carezza_, an endearment; Low L. _caritia_--L. _carus_, dear.]

CARET, k[=a]'ret, _n._ a mark, ^, used in writing when a word is left out. [L. _caret_, there is wanting.]

CAREX, k[=a]'reks, _n._ a genus of plants including the sedges. [L. _carex_, reed-grass, sedge.]

CARFAX, -FOX, k[:a]r'faks, -foks, _n._ a place where four roads meet--now used only of particular examples, as at Oxford. [Fr.--L. _quadrifurc-us_, four-forked.]

CARGO, k[:a]r'go, _n._ what a ship carries: its load. [Sp., from root of CAR.]

CARGOOSE, kar'g[=oo]s, _n._ the crested grebe. [Scand.; Ice. _kjarr_, copse wood, and GOOSE.]

CARIACOU, kar'i-a-k[=oo], _n._ the Virginian deer of North America.--Also CAR'JACOU.

CARIAMA, k[:a]r-i-[:a]'ma, _n._ a South American bird of prey of large size. [Braz. _cariama_.]

CARIB, kar'ib, _n._ one of a native race inhabiting parts of Central America and the north of South America--also CAR'IBBEE.--_adj._ CARIBB[=E]'AN.

CARIBOU, kar-i-b[=oo]', _n._ the American reindeer. [Can.Fr.]

CARICATURE, kar'i-ka-t[=u]r, _n._ a likeness of anything so exaggerated or distorted as to appear ridiculous.--_v.t._ to turn into ridicule by overdoing a likeness: to burlesque. Formerly spelt CARICAT[=U]'RA.--_n._ CARICATUR'IST, one who caricatures. [It. _caricatura_--_carricare_, to load, from root of CAR.]

CARIES, k[=a]'ri-[=e]z, _n._ rottenness or decay of a bone.--_adj._ C[=A]'RIOUS, decayed. [L.]

CARILLON, kar'il-yong, _n._ a suite of musical bells for playing tunes: the melody played on these. [Fr.,--Low L. _quadrilion-em_, a quaternary, because carillons were formerly rung on four bells.]

CARINATE, kar'i-n[=a]t, _p.adj._ keel-shaped: having a prominence on the outer surface. [L. _carinatus_--_carina_, a keel.]

CARIOLE, CARRIOLE, kar'i-[=o]l, _n._ a small open carriage: a light cart. [Fr. _carriole_--root of CAR.]

CARK, k[:a]rk, _n._ (_arch._) care, anxiety, or solicitude.--_v.t._ to burden, harass.--_v.i._ to be anxious.--_adj._ CARK'ING, distressing, causing anxiety. [A.S. _cearig_, careful, anxious--_caru_, _cearu_, care. See CARE.]

CARL, k[:a]rl, _n._ a husbandman, a clown: a churl: (_Scot._) a niggard.--_ns._ CAR'LINE, an old woman: a witch; CAR'LOT (_Shak._), a churl, peasant. [Scand., Ice. _karl_, a man, a male. See CHURL.]

CARLINE, kar'lin, _n._ a genus of plants closely allied to the true thistles. [From a legend that an angel showed the root of one to _Charlemagne_ as a remedy for a plague.]

CARLIST, kar'list, _n._ a supporter of the claims of the Spanish pretender Don _Carlos_ de Bourbon (1788-1855), second son of Charles IV., and his representatives, as against Queen Isabella, daughter of Ferdinand VII., and her descendants.--_n._ CAR'LISM, devotion to the Carlist cause.

CARLOCK, kar'lok, _n._ a Russian isinglass obtained from the bladder of the sturgeon. [Russ.]

CARLOVINGIAN, k[:a]r-lo-vin'ji-an, _adj._ relating to a dynasty of Frankish kings, so called from _Carl_ the Great or Charlemagne (742-814).

CARLYLESE, kar-l[=i]l'[=e]z, _n._ the vigorous, irregular, hypermetaphorical literary style and phraseology peculiar to Thomas _Carlyle_ (1795-1881).--_adjs._ CARLYL'ESQUE, CARLYL'[=E]AN.--_n._ CARLYL'ISM.

CARMAGNOLE, kar'man-y[=o]l, _n._ a. popular song and dance of the French Revolution: a kind of jacket worn by revolutionists at that time, with short skirts, a broad collar and lapels, and several rows of buttons. [Prob. from _Carmagnola_ in Piedmont.]

CARMELITE, k[:a]r'mel-[=i]t, _n._ a monk of the order of Our Lady of Mount _Carmel_, in Syria, founded there about 1156, made a mendicant order in 1247--the habit brown, with white cloak and scapular, hence the Carmelites were popularly known as the White Friars: a monk or nun of discalced or reformed branch established by St Teresa--the barefooted Carmelites: a variety of pear; a fine woollen stuff like beige.

CARMINATIVE, kar-min'a-tiv, _adj._ a medicine to relieve flatulence and pain in the bowels, such as cardamoms, peppermint, ginger, and other stimulating aromatics. [L. _carmin[=a]re_, to card--_carmen_, a card for wool.]

CARMINE, k[:a]r'm[=i]n, _n._ the red colouring principle obtained from the cochineal insect. [Fr. or Sp. _carmin_--Sp. _carmes['i]_, crimson--Ar. _qirmazi_, crimson. Same root as CRIMSON.]

CARNAGE, k[:a]r'n[=a]j, _n._ (_obs._) a heap of slain: slaughter. [Fr.,--It. _carnaggio_, carnage--L. _caro_, _carnis_, flesh.]

CARNAL, k[:a]r'nal, _adj._ fleshly: sensual: unspiritual: (_Shak._) murderous, flesh-eating.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to convert into flesh, to become fleshy.--_v.t._ CAR'NALISE, to make carnal: to debase carnally:--_pr.p._ c[:a]r'nal[=i]sing; _pa.p._ c[:a]r'nal[=i]sed.--_ns._ CAR'NALIST, a sensualist: a worldling; CARNAL'ITY state of being carnal.--_adv._ CAR'NALLY,--_adjs._ CAR'NAL-MIND'ED, worldly-minded; CAR'NEOUS, CARNOSE', fleshy: of or like flesh.--_n._ CAR'NIFEX, executioner.--_adj._ CARNIFIC'IAL.--_n._ CARNOS'ITY, a fleshy excrescence growing in and obstructing any part of the body. [L. _carnalis_--_caro_, _carnis_, flesh.]

CARNALLITE, k[:a]r'nal-[=i]t, _n._ a milk-white or pinkish hydrous chloride of potassium and magnesium found in the salt-mines of Stassfurt in Prussia. [Named from the mineralogist Von _Carnall_ (1804-74).]

CARNATION, kar-n[=a]'shun, _n._ flesh-colour: one of the finest of florists' flowers, a double-flowering variety of the clove pink, and existing only in a state of cultivation.--_adj._ CARN[=A]'TIONED, having a flesh-like colour. [L. _carnatio_, fleshiness.]

CARNAUBA, k[:a]r-n[:a]-[=oo]'ba, _n._ a Brazilian palm yielding a yellowish wax: the wax--also _Brazilian wax_. [Braz.]

CARNELIAN, kar-n[=e]'li-an, _n._ the name given to the finer varieties of chalcedony, blood-red or flesh-colour, reddish-brown, reddish-white, or yellow, more rarely milk-white.--Also CORN[=E]'LIAN.

CARNIVAL, k[:a]r'ni-val, _n._ a feast observed by Roman Catholics just before the fast of Lent: any season of revelry or indulgence: riotous feasting, merriment, or amusement. [It. _carnevale_--Low L. _carnelevarium_, apparently from L. _carnem levare_, to put away flesh.]

CARNIVORA, kar-niv'[=o]-ra, _n.pl._ order of flesh-eating animals.--_n._ CAR'NIVORE, a carnivorous animal.--_adj._ CARNIV'OROUS, flesh-eating.--_adv._ CARNIV'OROUSLY.--_n._ CARNIV'OROUSNESS. [L. _caro_, _carnis_, flesh, _vorus_, devouring.]

CARNY, CARNEY, k[:a]r'ni, _v.t._ (_prov._) to coax, wheedle.--_v.i._ to act in such a way.--_n._ flattery.

CAROB, kar'ob, _n._ the algaroba or locust-tree, a tree of the order _Leguminosae_, native to the Mediterranean countries. [Through Fr. from Ar. _kharr[=u]bah_.]

CAROCHE, ka-r[=o]sh', _n._ a coach or carriage. [Fr.,--It. _caraccio_, _carro_--L. _carrus_, car.]

CAROL, kar'ol, _n._ a song of joy or praise.--_v.i._ to sing a carol: to sing or warble.--_v.t._ to praise or celebrate in song:--_pr.p._ car'olling; _pa.p._ car'olled.--_n._ CAR'OLLING, the act of the verb to carol. [O. Fr. _carole_; It. _carola_, orig. a ring-dance; acc. to Diez, a dim. of L. _chorus_.]

CAROLINGIAN, kar-[=o]-lin'ji-an, _adj._ Same as CARLOVINGIAN (q.v.).

CAROLUS, kar'ol-us, _n._ a gold coin of the time of Charles I.--_adj._ CAR'OLINE, belonging to the time of Charles. [L. _Carolus_, Charles.]

CAROM, kar'om, _n._ an abbreviation for CARAMBOLE, the same as CANNON in billiards.

CAROTID, ka-rot'id, _adj._ relating to the two great arteries of the neck. [Gr. _kar[=o]tides_--_karos_, sleep, the ancients supposing that deep sleep was caused by compression of them.]

CAROUSE, kar-owz', _n._ a drinking-bout: a noisy revel.--_v.i._ to hold a drinking-bout: to drink freely and noisily.--_ns._ CAROUS'AL, a carouse: a feast; CAROUS'ER, one who carouses.--_adv._ CAROUS'INGLY. [O. Fr. _carous_, Fr. _carrousse_--Ger. _gar aus_, quite out!--that is, empty the glass.]

CAROUSEL, kar-[=oo]'zel, _n._ a tilting match or tournament, to which were added games, shows, and allegorical representations. [Fr.]

CARP, k[:a]rp, _v.i._ to catch at small faults or errors (with _at_).--_ns._ CARP'ER, one who carps or cavils; CARP'ING, cavilling: fault-finding.--_adv._ CARP'INGLY. [Most prob. Scand., Ice. _karpa_, to boast, modified in meaning through likeness to L. _carp[)e]re_, to pluck, deride.]

CARP, k[:a]rp, _n._ a fresh-water fish common in ponds. [O. Fr. _carpe_--Low L. _carpa_, prob. Teut.]

CARPAL, k[:a]r'pal, _adj._ pertaining to the wrist. [Gr. _karpos_, the wrist.]

CARPEL, k[:a]r'pel, _n._ a modified leaf forming the whole or part of the pistil of a flower.--_adj._ CAR'PELLARY. [Gr. _karpos_, fruit.]

CARPENTER, k[:a]r'pent-[.e]r, _n._ a worker in timber as used in building houses, ships, &c.--_v.i._ to do the work of a carpenter.--_ns._ CAR'PENTER-BEE, a bee that excavates its nest in wood; CAR'PENTRY, the trade or work of a carpenter, [O. Fr. _carpentier_--Low L. _carpentarius_--_carpentum_, a car, from root of CAR.]

CARPET, k[:a]r'pet, _n._ the woven or felted covering of floors, stairs, &c.--_v.t._ to cover with a carpet:--_pr.p._ car'peting; _pa.p._ car'peted.--_ns._ CAR'PET-BAG, a travelling-bag, so called because usually made of carpeting; CAR'PET-BAG'GER, one who comes to a place for political or other ends, carrying his whole property qualification for citizenship with him in his carpet-bag; CAR'PET-BEAT'ING, the removing of dust from carpets by beating; CAR'PET-BED'DING, a system of horticulture in which plants are arranged in mosaic or geometrical designs; CAR'PETING, material of which carpets are made: carpets in general; CAR'PET-KNIGHT, one dubbed a knight by mere court favour, not on account of his military exploits--hence an effeminate person; CAR'PET-MONG'ER (_Shak._), an effeminate person; CAR'PET-ROD, one of the narrow rods used to keep a stair carpet in its place.--ON THE CARPET, under discussion. [O. Fr. _carpite_ (Fr. _carpette_)--Low L. _carpeta_, a coarse fabric made from rags pulled to pieces--L. _carp[)e]re_, to pluck.]

CARPOLITE, k[:a]r'po-l[=i]t, _n._ fruit petrified or converted into stone.--_n._ CARPOL'OGY, the part of botany which treats of the structure of fruits and seeds. [Gr. _karpos_, fruit, _lithos_, a stone, _logos_, a discourse.]

CARRACK, kar'rak, _n._ a large ship of burden, which is also fitted for fighting.--Also CAR'ACK. [O. Fr. _carraque_--Low L. _carraca_. Ety. dub.]

CARRAGEEN, kar-ra-g[=e]n', _n._ Carrageen moss, or Irish moss--marine alga, common on the British coasts, used for making a highly digestible soup and a kind of blanc-mange, as well as size. [From _Carragheen_, near Waterford in Ireland, where it is found abundantly.]

CARRAT. Same as CARAT.

CARRAWAY. Same as CARAWAY.

CARRIAGE, kar'ij, _n._ act or cost of carrying: a vehicle for carrying: behaviour: bearing: (_Shak._) burden: (_B._) baggage.--_adj._ _Carr'iageable_, that may be conveyed in carriages.--_ns._ CARR'IAGE-COM'PANY, or -PEO'PLE, people who keep their carriages; CARR'IAGE-DRIVE, a road for carriages through parks, &c.; CARR'IAGE-HORSE, a horse that draws a carriage.--CARRIAGE AND PAIR, a turn-out of a carriage and two horses; CARRIAGE FREE, tree of charge for carrying. [See CARRY.]

[Illustration]

CARRICK-BEND, kar'ik-bend, _n._ (_naut._), a kind of knot, formed on a bight by putting the end of a rope over its standing part, and then passing it. [Perh. conn. with CARRACK, and the root of BIND.]

CARRIOLE. See CARIOLE.

CARRION, kar'i-un, _n._ the dead and putrid body or flesh of any animal: anything vile.--_adj._ relating to, or feeding on, putrid flesh.--_n._ CARR'ION-CROW, a species of crow which feeds on carrion, small animals, &c. [Fr. _carogne_--Low L. _caronia_--L. _caro_, _carnis_, flesh.]

CARRITCH, kar'itch, _n._ (_Scot._) a corrupted form of the word _catechism_.--_n._ CARR'IWITCHET, a quibble.

CARRONADE, kar-un-[=a]d', _n._ a short cannon of large bore, first made at _Carron_ in Scotland.

CARRON-OIL, kar'on-oil, _n._ a liniment composed of linseed-oil and lime-water. [From its use for burns at _Carron_ Ironworks in Stirlingshire.]

CARROT, kar'ut, _n._ a genus of _Umbelliferae_, having a tapering root of a reddish or yellowish colour: the root itself, which is edible and sweet.--_adj._ CARR'OTY, carrot-coloured, applied to the hair. [Fr. _carotte_--L. _carota_.]

CARRY, kar'i, _v.t._ to convey or bear: to lead or transport: to take by force: to effect: to behave or demean: (of money) to be sufficient for a certain purpose: to gain the election of a candidate: to get a bill passed by a majority.--_v.i._ (of a gun, &c.) to reach, indicating the range of its shot:--_pr.p._ carr'ying; _pa.p._ carr'ied.--_n._ the distance a golf-ball goes when struck till it touches the ground: range: the portage of a boat: land across which a boat has to be carried between one navigable stream and another: the position of 'carry arms,' &c.: (_prov._) the sky, cloud-drift.--_ns._ CARR'IER, one who carries, esp. for hire; CARR'Y-ALL, a light, four-wheeled, one-horsed carriage; CARR'YING, the act of one who carries; CARR'Y-TALE (_Shak._), a tale-bearer.--CARRY ALL BEFORE ONE, to bear down all obstacles; CARRY AWAY, to carry off: to excite the feelings: to transport; CARRY OFF, to cause the death of: to gain, to win, as a prize: to cause to pass muster, to make to pass by assurance or dissimulation; CARRY ON, to promote: to continue: to behave in a certain fashion (a term of mild reprobation); CARRY ONE'S POINT, to overrule objections in favour of one's plan; CARRY OUT, to accomplish fully: to carry out for burial; CARRY OUT ONE'S BAT (_cricket_), to leave the wickets without having been put out; CARRY OVER, to induce to join the other party; CARRY THE DAY, or CARRY IT, to be successful: to win the day; CARRY THROUGH, to succeed in accomplishing; CARRY TOO FAR, to exceed reasonable limits; CARRY UP, to continue a building to a certain height: to trace back; CARRY WEIGHT, to possess authority: to have force.--BE CARRIED, to be highly excited: to have the head turned. [O. Fr. _carier_,--Low L. _carric[=a]re_, to cart--L. _carrus_, a car.]

CARSE, k[:a]rs, _n._ in Scotland, a stretch of alluvial land along the banks of some rivers. [_Scot._; perh. from an obsolete word _car_, a fen; cf. Dan. _kjaer_.]

CART, k[:a]rt, _n._ a two-wheeled vehicle without springs, used for farm purposes, and for conveying heavy loads.--_v.t._ to convey in a cart: to carry publicly in a cart as a punishment--formerly done to bawds.--_ns._ CART'AGE, the act or cost of carting; CART'ER, one who drives a cart; CART'-HORSE, a horse used for drawing a cart; CART'-HOUSE, a shed for keeping carts; CART'-LOAD, as much as a cart can carry; CART'S-TAIL, the hind part of a cart; CART'WAY, a road or way by which carts may pass; CART'WRIGHT, a carpenter who makes carts; T'-CART, a four-wheeled open phaeton, seated for four, its ground-plan resembling a T--see also DOG-CART, MAIL-CART, TAX-CART, &c.--PUT THE CART BEFORE THE HORSE, to reverse the natural order of things.--VILLAGE CART, an uncovered two-wheeled carriage for one horse, with a low body and one seat; WHITECHAPEL CART, or CHAPEL CART, a light two-wheeled spring-cart much used by butchers in delivering goods to their customers. [Ety. uncertain; from A.S. _craet_, or Ice. _kartr_.]

CARTE, k[:a]rt, _n._ the fourth position of the wrist in fencing. [Fr. _quart_--L. _quartus_, fourth.]

CARTE, k[:a]rt, _n._ a bill of fare: (_Scot._), a playing-card: short for _carte-de-visite_.--_ns._ CARTE-BLANCHE', a blank paper, duly signed, and given to a person, to be filled up at his pleasure; CARTE-DE-VISITE', a small photographic portrait pasted on a card; CART'EL, a challenge: an agreement for exchange of prisoners; a card with writing on it.--HAVE CARTE-BLANCHE, to have a commission to act with full discretionary powers. [Fr.,--L. _charta_. See CARD.]

CARTESIAN, kar-t[=e]'zhi-an, _adj._ relating to the French philosopher Ren['e] _Descartes_ (1596-1650), or his philosophy.--CARTESIAN DEVIL, DIVER, or BOTTLE-IMP, a scientific toy named after Descartes, illustrating the principle of specific gravity.

CARTHAMINE, k[:a]r'tha-min, _n._ a dye obtained in crystals by a chemical process from safflower. [Low L. _carthamus_--Ar. _qartum_, saffron.]

CARTHUSIAN, kar-th[=u]'zi-an, _n._ one of an order of monks founded by St Bruno in 1086, noted for their strictness: a scholar of the Charterhouse School.--_adj._ of or pertaining to the order. [L. _Cartusianus_--_Catorissium_, _Chatrousse_, a village in Dauphin['e], near which their first monastery was founded.]

CARTILAGE, k[:a]r'ti-l[=a]j, _n._ in vertebrate animals, a firm elastic substance, of a pearly whiteness, presenting to the unaided eye a uniform and homogeneous appearance: gristle.--_adj._ CARTILAGI'NOUS, pertaining to or consisting of cartilage, gristly. [Fr.,--L. _cartilago_; cog. with _crates_, Gr. _kartalos_.]

CARTOGRAPHY, kar-tog'ra-fi, _n._ the art of preparing charts or maps. [L. _charta_, chart, map, and Gr. _graphia_, _graph-ein_, to write.]

CARTOMANCY, k[:a]r't[=o]-man-si, _n._ a divination by playing-cards. [Low L. _carta_, a card, Gr. _manteia_, divination.]

CARTON, k[:a]r'ton, _n._ a thin pasteboard, a box made from such: a small disc within the bull's-eye of the target, a shot that strikes this.--_ns._ CAR'TONNAGE, pasteboard: the outer covering of a mummy; CAR'TON-PIERRE', statuary pasteboard, a kind of papier-mach['e]. [Fr. See CARTOON.]

CARTOON, k[:a]r-t[=oo]n', _n._ a preparatory drawing on strong paper to be transferred to frescoes, tapestry, &c.: any large sketch or design on paper, esp. a representation of current events in a comic paper.--_v.t._ to make a cartoon or working design: to caricature by a cartoon.--_n._ CARTOON'IST, one who makes cartoons. [Fr. _carton_ (It. _cartone_), augmentative of CARTE.]

CARTOUCHE, k[:a]r-t[=oo]sh', _n._ a case for holding cartridges: formerly a case containing bullets to be discharged from a mortar, but now merely a waterproof canvas case for holding the cartridges of a field battery, one to each ammunition-box: (_archit._) an ornament resembling a scroll of paper with the ends rolled up: an oval figure on ancient Egyptian monuments or papyri enclosing characters expressing royal or divine names.--Also CARTOUCH'. [Fr.,--It. _cartoccio_--L. _charta_, paper.]

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CARTRIDGE, k[:a]r'trij, _n._ a case made of paper, pasteboard, metal, &c., containing the charge for a gun--BLANK'-CAR'TRIDGES contain powder only; BALL'-CARTRIDGES contain a bullet as well.--_ns._ CAR'TRIDGE-BAG, a bag of flannel, merino, &c., for holding a charge for a cannon; CAR'TRIDGE-BELT, a belt having pockets for cartridges; CAR'TRIDGE-BOX, a small box for holding cartridges, carried by soldiers; CAR'TRIDGE-P[=A]'PER, a light-coloured, strong paper, originally manufactured for making cartridges. [A corr. of CARTOUCHE.]

CARTULARY, k[:a]r't[=u]-lar-i, _n._ a register-book of a monastery, &c.: one who kept the records: the place where the register is kept. [Low L. _chartularium_--L. _chartula_, a document--_charta_, paper.]

CARUCATE, kar'u-k[=a]t, _n._ originally an amount of land such as one team of oxen could plough in a season.--_n._ CAR'UCAGE, a tax on the carucate, first imposed by Richard I. in 1198. [Low L. _carruc[=a]ta_, ploughland--_carruca_, plough, from root of CAR.]

CARUNCLE, kar-unk'l, _n._ a small fleshy excrescence, as the wattles of the turkey-cock.--_adjs._ CARUN'CULAR, CARUN'CULATE, CARUN'CULOUS. [Fr.--L. _caruncula_.]

CARUS, k[:a]'rus, _n._ complete insensibility. [Gr. _karos_, stupor.]

CARVE, k[:a]rv, _v.t._ to cut into forms, devices, &c.: to make or shape by cutting: to cut up (meat) into slices or pieces: to apportion or distribute: (_Shak._) to speak with suavity.--_v.i._ to exercise the trade of a sculptor.--_p.adj._ CARV'EN, carved.--_ns._ CARV'ER, one who carves: a sculptor: a carving-knife; CARV'ING, the act or art of carving, a branch of sculpture usually performed on wood or ivory: the device or figure carved: the act or art of cutting up meat at table.--CARVE OUT, to hew out: to gain by one's exertions.--CUT AND CARVE, to refine. [A. S. _ceorfan_, to cut; Dut. _kerven_; Ger. _kerben_, to notch.]

CARVEL, k[:a]r'vel, _n._ older form of CARAVEL.--_adj._ CAR'VEL-BUILT, as distinguished from _clinker-built_ (q.v. under CLINK).

CARVY, k[:a]r'vi', _n._ Scotch form of CARAWAY.

CARYATID, kar-i-at'id, _n._ a female figure used instead of a column to support an entablature:--_pl._ CARYAT'IDES.--_adjs._ CARYAT'IC, CARYAT'IDAL, CARYATID[=E]'AN, CARYATID'IC. [Gr. _Karyatides_.]

CARYOPHYLLACEOUS, kar-i-[=o]-fi-l[=a]'shi-us, _adj._ belonging to the natural order _Caryophyllaceae_;, applied esp. to flowers having five petals with long claws, as in the clove-pink. [Gr. _karyophyllon_, the clove-pink.]

CASCABEL, kas'ka-bel, _n._ the whole rear part behind the base-ring of a cannon. [Sp.]

CASCADE, kas-k[=a]d', _n._ a waterfall: a trimming of lace or other material in a loose wavy fall.--_v.i._ to fall in cascades. [Fr.,--It.--L. _cad[)e]re_, to fall.]

CASCARA, kas'ka-ra, _n._ the _Cascara sagrada_, a Californian bark used as a tonic aperient: the _Cascara amarga_, a bitter Honduras bark.--_n._ CASCARILL'A, the aromatic bitter bark of the West Indian _Croton Eleuteria_. [Sp.]

CASCO, kas'k[=o], _n._ a form of boat used at Manila for lading and unlading ships.