Part 2

ABIDE, a-b[=i]d', _v.t._ to bide or wait for: to endure: to tolerate.--_v.i._ to remain in a place, dwell or stay:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ ab[=o]de'.--_n._ ABID'ANCE.--_adj._ ABID'ING, continual.--_n._ an enduring.--_adv._ ABID'INGLY. [A.S. _['a]b['i]dan_--pfx. _['a]-_ (= Goth. _us_ = Ger. _er_), and _b['i]dan_, to wait.]

ABIDE, a-b[=i]d', _v.t._ (_Shak._ and _Milton_) to redeem, pay the penalty for, suffer. [M. E. _abyen_, confounded with ABIDE. See ABY.]

ABIES, ab'i-ez, _n._ the silver-fir.--_adj._ ABIET'IC, pertaining to trees of the genus Abies. [L.]

ABIGAIL, ab'i-g[=a]l, _n._ a lady's-maid. [From _Abigail_, 1 Sam. xxv.]

ABILITY, a-bil'i-ti, _n._ quality of being able: power: strength: skill.--_n.pl._ ABIL'ITIES, the powers of the mind. [O. Fr. _ablet['e]_ (Fr. _habilet['e]_)--L. _habilitas_--_habilis_, easily handled, from _hab[=e]re_, to have, hold. See ABLE.]

ABINTESTATE, ab-in-tes't[=a]t, _adj._ inheriting the estate of one who died without having made a will. [L. _ab_, from, and INTESTATE.]

ABIOGENESIS, ab-i-o-jen'es-is, _n._ the origination of living by not-living matter, spontaneous generation.--_adj._ ABIOGENET'IC--_n._ ABIO'GENIST, one who believes in such. [Coined by Huxley in 1870; Gr. _a_, neg., _bios_, life, _genesis_, birth.]

ABJECT, ab-jekt', _v.t._ (_obs._) to throw or cast down or away. [L. _abjic[)e]re_, _-jectum_--_ab_, away, _jac[)e]re_, to throw.]

ABJECT, ab'jekt, _adj._ cast away: mean: worthless: cowering: base.--_n._ an outcast.--_ns._ ABJEC'TION, AB'JECTNESS, a mean or low state: baseness: degradation.--_adv._ AB'JECTLY. [L. _abjectus_, cast away--_ab_, away, _jac[)e]re_, to throw.]

ABJUDGE, ab-juj', _v.t._ (_rare_) to take away by judicial sentence. [L. _ab_, from, and JUDGE.]

ABJUDICATE, ab-j[=oo]'di-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to give by judgment from one to another. [L. _ab_, from, and JUDICATE.]

ABJURE, ab-j[=oo]r', _v.t._ to renounce on oath or solemnly: to recant: to repudiate.--_n._ ABJUR[=A]'TION, official renunciation on oath of any principle or pretension.--_adj._ ABJUR'ATORY.--_n._ ABJUR'ER. [L. _ab_, from, _jur[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to swear.]

ABKARI, ab-k[:a]'ri, _n._ the manufacture or sale of spirituous liquors: the excise duty levied on such.--Also ABKA'RY. [Pers.]

ABLACTATION, ab-lak-t[=a]'shun, _n._ a weaning. [L. _ab_, from, _lact[=a]re_, to suckle--_lac_, _lactis_, milk.]

ABLATION, ab-l[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of carrying away: (_geol._) the wearing away of rock by the action of water.--_adj._ ABLATI'TIOUS. [L. _ab_, from, _latum_, supine of _ferre_, to bear.]

ABLATIVE, ab'lat-iv, _adj._ used as a noun. The name applied to one of the cases in the declension of nouns and pronouns in the Indo-European languages, retained as in Latin and Sanskrit, or merged in another case, as in the genitive in Greek. Its meaning was to express _direction from_ or _time when_.--_adj._ ABLAT[=I]'VAL. [L. _ablativus_--_ab_, from, _ferre_, _latum_, to take; as if it indicated taking away, or privation.]

ABLAUT, ab'lowt, _n._ (_philol._) vowel permutation, a substitution of one root vowel for another in derivation, as in s_i_ng, s_a_ng, s_o_ng, s_u_ng, distinct from the phonetic influence of a succeeding vowel, as in the Umlaut. It is especially the change of a vowel to indicate tense-change in strong verbs. [Ger., from _ab_, off, and _laut_, sound.]

ABLAZE, a-bl[=a]z', _adj._ in a blaze, on fire: gleaming brightly. [Prep. _a_, and BLAZE.]

ABLE, [=a]'bl, _adj._ (comp. A'BLER; superl. A'BLEST) having sufficient strength, power, or means to do a thing: skilful.--_adj._ A'BLE-BOD'IED, of a strong body: free from disability, of a sailor, labourer, &c.: robust.--_adv._ A'BLY. [See ABILITY.]

ABLEGATE, ab'le-g[=a]t, _n._ a papal envoy who carries the insignia of office to a newly-appointed cardinal.

ABLOOM, a-bl[=oo]m', _adv._ in a blooming state. [Prep. _a_, on, and BLOOM.]

ABLUENT, ab'l[=oo]-ent, _adj._ washing or cleaning by a liquid.--_n._ a medicine which carries off impurities from the system. [L. _abluens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _ablu[)e]re_, to wash away--_ab_, from, away, and _lu[)e]re_ = _lav[=a]re_, to wash. See LAVE.]

ABLUTION, ab-l[=oo]'shun, _n._ act of washing, esp. the body, preparatory to religious rites: any ceremonial washing, symbolic of moral purification: the wine and water used to rinse the chalice, drunk by the officiating priest.--_adj._ ABLU'TIONARY. [L. _ablutio_--_ab_, away, _lu[)e]re_ = _lav[=a]re_, to wash.]

ABNEGATE, ab'ne-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to deny.--_ns._ ABNEG[=A]'TION, renunciation; AB'NEGATOR, one who abnegates or renounces. [L. _ab_, away, and _neg[=a]re_, to deny.]

ABNORMAL, ab-nor'mal, _adj._ not normal or according to rule: irregular--also ABNOR'MOUS.--_ns._ ABNORMAL'ITY, ABNOR'MITY.--_adv._ ABNOR'MALLY. [L. _ab_, away from, and NORMAL.]

ABOARD, a-b[=o]rd', _adv._ or _prep._ on board: in a ship, or in a train (_Amer._). [Prep. _a_, on, and BOARD.]

ABOCOCKE. See BYCOCKET.

ABODE, a-b[=o]d', _n._ a dwelling-place: stay. [See ABIDE.]

ABODE, a-b[=o]d', _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of ABIDE.

ABODEMENT, a-b[=o]d'ment, _n._ (_obs._) a foreboding: an omen. [From ABODE, with suff. _-ment_. See BODE, FOREBODE.]

ABOLISH, ab-ol'ish, _v.t._ to put an end to: to annul.--_adj._ ABOL'ISHABLE, capable of being abolished.--_ns._ ABOL'ISHMENT (_rare_); ABOLI'TION, the act of abolishing; ABOLI'TIONISM, advocacy of abolitionist principles; ABOLI'TIONIST, one who seeks to abolish anything, esp. slavery. [Fr. _abolir_, _aboliss_--from L. _abol[=e]re_, _-itum_--_ab_, from, _ol[=e]re_, to grow. The prep. _ab_ here reverses the meaning of the simple verb.]

ABOMASUS, ab-[=o]-m[=a]'sus, _n._ the fourth stomach of ruminants, lying close to the omasum or third stomach.--Also ABOM[=A]'SUM. [L. _ab_, and _omasum_, paunch.]

ABOMINATE, ab-om'in-[=a]t, _v.t._ to abhor: to detest extremely.--_adj._ ABOM'INABLE, hateful: detestable, an old spelling is ABHOM'INABLE, to agree with a fancied etymology in Lat. _ab homine_.--_n._ ABOM'INABLENESS.--_adv._ ABOM'INABLY.--_n._ ABOMIN[=A]'TION, extreme aversion: anything disgusting or detestable. [L. _abomin[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to turn from as of bad omen. See OMEN.]

ABORD, a-b[=o]rd', _v.t._ (_arch._) to accost: (_Spens._) astray, at a loss.--_n._ (_Spens._) harbour: act of approaching: manner of approach. [Fr. _aborder_, _[`a] bord_. See ABOARD and BORDER.]

ABORIGINAL, ab-o-rij'in-al, _adj._ first, primitive, indigenous.--_adv._ ABORIG'INALLY.

ABORIGINES, ab-o-rij'in-[=e]z, _n.pl._ the original inhabitants of a country. [L. See ORIGIN.]

ABORT, ab-ort', _v.i._ to miscarry in birth: to remain in a rudimentary state.--_n._ ABOR'TION, premature delivery, or the procuring of such: anything that does not reach maturity: a mis-shapen being or monster.--_adj._ ABORT'IVE, born untimely: unsuccessful: producing nothing: brought forth in an imperfect condition: rudimentary.--_adv._ ABORT'IVELY.--_n._ ABORT'IVENESS. [L. _abor[=i]ri_, _abortus_--_ab_, from, away, _or[=i]ri_, to rise.]

ABOUND, ab-ownd', _v.i._ to overflow, be in great plenty: to possess in plenty (with _in_): to be filled with (used with _with_). [O. Fr. _abunder_--L. _abund[=a]re_, to overflow, _ab_, from, _unda_, a wave.]

ABOUT, a-bowt', _prep._ round on the outside: around: here and there in: near to: concerning: engaged in.--_adv._ around: nearly: here and there.--BRING ABOUT, to cause to take place; COME ABOUT, to take place; GO ABOUT, to prepare to do; PUT ABOUT, disturbed; TO BE ABOUT, to be astir; TURN ABOUT, alternately. [A.S. _on b['u]tan_; _on_, in, _b['u]tan_, without, itself compounded of _be_, by, and _['u]tan_, locative of _['u]t_, out.]

ABOVE, a-buv', _prep._ on the upside: higher than: more than.--_adv._ overhead: in a higher position, order, or power.--_adjs._ ABOVE'-BOARD, open, honourable; ABOVE'-GROUND, alive: not buried. [A.S. _['a]b['u]fan_--_['a]_, on, _bufan_, above, itself compounded of _be_, by, _ufan_, high, upwards, prop. the locative of _uf_, up.]

ABRACADABRA, ab-ra-ka-dab'ra, _n._ a cabbalistic word, written in successive lines, each shorter by a letter than the one above it, till the last letter A formed the apex of a triangle. It was worn as a charm for the cure of diseases. Now used generally for a spell or conjuring word: mere gibberish. [First found in 2d-cent. poem (_Praecepta de Medicina_) by Q. Serenus Sammonicus; further origin unknown.]

ABRADE, ab-r[=a]d', _v.t._ to scrape or rub off: to wear down by friction. [L. _ab_, off, _rad[)e]re_, _rasum_, to scrape.]

ABRAHAM-MAN, [=a]'bra-ham-man, _n._ originally a lunatic beggar from Bethlehem Hospital in London, marked by a special badge. Many sturdy beggars assumed this, hence the phrase TO SHAM ABRAHAM, to feign sickness, still used among sailors. [The wards in the old Bedlam are said to have been distinguished by the names of saints and patriarchs, as _Abraham_. Some find the origin of the name in an allusion to the parable of the beggar Lazarus, who found his rest in _Abraham's_ bosom (Luke xvi.).]

ABRANCHIATE, a-brang'ki-[=a]t, _adj._ having no gills.--Also ABRAN'CHIAL. [Gr. _a_, priv., and _brangchia_, gills.]

ABRASION, ab-r[=a]'zhun, _n._ the act of rubbing off.--_adj._ and _n._ ABR[=A]'SIVE. [See ABRADE.]

[Illustration]

ABRAXAS, a-braks'as, _n._ a mystic word, or an amulet, consisting of a gem engraved therewith on some part of it, often bearing a mystical figure of combined human and animal form, used as a charm. [Said to be coined by the Egyptian Gnostic Basilides in 2d century to express 365 in Greek letters; thus [Greek: abraxas] used as numerals = 1 + 2 + 100 + 1 + 60 + 1 + 200. But Mr C. W. King finds its origin in Heb. _ha-b'r[=a]k[=a]h_, 'the blessing,' or 'sacred name,' used as the title of a Gnostic deity representing the 365 emanations of the Divine Pl[=e]r[=o]ma or fullness.]

ABRAY, a-br[=a]', ABRAYD, a-br[=a]d', _v.i._ (_Spens._) to start out of sleep: to awake.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to arouse, startle.--The more correct form is _abraid_. [Made up of pfx. _a-_, and _abr['e]dan_. A.S. _breydan_, to twist. See BRAID.]

ABREAST, a-brest', _adv._ with fronts in a line: side by side: (_naut._) opposite to. [Prep. _a_, on, and BREAST.]

ABRICOCK. See APRICOT.

ABRIDGE, a-brij', _v.t._ to make brief or short: to shorten: to epitomise: to curtail, as privileges or authority.--_ns._ ABRIDG'MENT, ABRIDGE'MENT, contraction: shortening of time, labour or privileges: a compendium of a larger work: an epitome or synopsis: (_law_) the leaving out of certain portions Of a plaintiff's demand, the writ still holding good for the remainder. [O. Fr. _abregier_ (Fr. _abr['e]ger_)--L. _abbrevi[=a]re_. See ABBREVIATE.]

ABROACH, a-br[=o]ch', _adv._ broached: in a condition to let the liquor run out: in a state to be diffused, afloat: astir. [Prep. _a_, and BROACH.]

ABROAD, a-brawd', _adv._ on the broad or open space: out of doors: public: in another country. [Prep. _a_, and BROAD.]

ABROGATE, ab'ro-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to repeal (a law): to set aside.--_n._ ABROG[=A]'TION, act of repealing or setting aside.--_adj._ AB'ROGATIVE. [L. _ab_, away, _rog[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to ask or propose a law.]

ABROOK, a-brook', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to brook, bear, or endure. [Pfx. _a-_, and BROOK, _v._]

ABRUPT, ab-rupt', _adj._ the opposite of gradual, as if broken off: sudden: unexpected: precipitous: (_of style_) passing from one thought to another without transitions: (_of manners_) short, rude.--_n._ an abrupt place.--_n._ ABRUP'TION, a sudden breaking off: violent separation: (_Shak._) interruption, pause.--_adv._ ABRUPT'LY.--_n._ ABRUPT'NESS. [L. _abruptus_--_ab_, off, _rump[)e]re_, _ruptum_, to break.]

ABSCESS, ab'ses, _n._ a collection of purulent matter within some tissue of the body. [L. _abscessus_--_abs_, away, _ced[)e]re_, _cessum_, to go, to retreat.]

ABSCIND, ab-sind', _v.t._ to cut off.--_n._ ABSCIS'SION, act of cutting off, or state of being cut off: (_rhet._) a figure of speech in which the words demanded by the sense are left unsaid, the speaker stopping short suddenly. [L. _abscindo_; _ab_, off, _scindo_, to cut.]

ABSCISS, ab'sis, ABSCISSA, ab-sis'sa, _n._ the straight line cut off or intercepted between the vertex of a curve and an ordinate, measured along the principal axis:--_pl._ ABSCISS'ES, ABSCISS'AE, ABSCISS'AS. [L. _abscissus_, cut off, _pa.p._ of _abscind[)e]re_--_ab_, from, _scind[)e]re_, to cut.]

ABSCOND, abs-kond', _v.i._ to hide, or quit the country, in order to escape a legal process. [L. _abscond[)e]re_, _abs_, from or away, _cond[)e]re_, to hide.]

ABSENT, abs'ent, _adj._ being away: not present: inattentive--_v.t._ (abs-ent') to keep one's self away.--_ns._ ABS'ENCE, the state of being away or not present: want: inattention; ABSENTEE', one who is absent on any occasion: one who makes a habit of living away from his estate or his office; ABSENTEE'ISM, the practice of absenting one's self from duty or station, esp. of a landowner living away from his estate.--_adv._ AB'SENTLY. [L. _absent-_, pr.p. of _absum_--_ab_, away from, _sum_, _esse_, to be.]

ABSINTH, ABSINTHE, ab'sinth, _n._ spirit combined with extract of wormwood.--_adjs._ ABSINTH'IAN, ABSINTH'IATED, impregnated with absinth. [Fr.--L. _absinthium_, wormwood--Gr.]

ABSOLUTE, ab'sol-[=u]t, _adj._ free from limits or conditions: complete: unlimited: free from mixture: considered without reference to other things: unconditioned, unalterable: unrestricted by constitutional checks (said of a government): (_gram._) not immediately dependent: (_phil._) existing in and by itself without necessary relation to any other being: capable of being conceived of as unconditioned. In the sense of being finished, perfect, it may be considered as opposed to the Infinite; but, in the sense of being freed from restriction or condition, it is evident the Infinite itself must be absolute. Opposite schools differ on the question whether the Absolute can be known under conditions of consciousness.--_adv._ AB'SOLUTELY, separately: unconditionally: positively: completely.--_ns._ AB'SOLUTENESS; ABSOL[=U]'TION, release from punishment: acquittal: remission of sins declared officially by a priest, or the formula by which such is expressed; AB'SOLUTISM, government where the ruler is without restriction; AB'SOLUTIST, a supporter of absolute government.--_adjs._ ABSOL'UTORY, ABSOLV'ATORY.--THE ABSOLUTE, that which is absolute, self-existent, uncaused. [L. _absolutus_, pa.p. of _absolv[)e]re_. See ABSOLVE.]

ABSOLVE, ab-zolv', _v.t._ to loose or set free: to pardon: to acquit: to discharge (with _from_).--_ns._ ABSOLV'ER, one who gives absolution or acquits; ABSOLV'ITOR, a decision favourable to a defender.--_v.t._ ASSOIL'ZIE, in Scots law, to absolve the accused on the grounds that the evidence disproves or does not establish the charge. [L. _ab_, from, _solv[)e]re_, _solutum_, to loose. See SOLVE.]

ABSONANT, ab'so-nant, _adj._ discordant: absurd: unnatural (with _to_ or _from_)--opp. to _Consonant_. [L. _ab_, from, _sonant-_, pr.p. of _son[=a]re_, to sound.]

ABSORB, ab-sorb', _v.t._ to suck in: to swallow up: to engage wholly.--_n._ ABSORBABIL'ITY.--_adj._ ABSORB'ABLE, that may be absorbed.--_p.adj._ ABSORBED', swallowed up: entirely occupied.--_advs._ ABSORB'EDLY, ABSORB'INGLY.--_adj._ ABSORB'ENT, imbibing: swallowing.--_n._ that which absorbs.--_n._ ABSORP'TION, the act of absorbing: entire occupation of mind.--_adj._ ABSORP'TIVE, having power to absorb.--_n._ ABSORPTIV'ITY. [Fr.--L. _ab_, from, _sorb[=e]re_, _-sorptum_, to suck in.]

ABSTAIN, abs-t[=a]n', _v.i._ to hold or refrain from.--_ns._ ABSTAIN'ER, specially one who does not take alcoholic drinks; ABSTEN'TION, a refraining. [Fr. _abstenir_--L. _abs_, from, _ten[=e]re_, to hold. See TENABLE.]

ABSTEMIOUS, abs-t[=e]m'i-us, _adj._ temperate: sparing in food, drink, or enjoyments.--_adv._ ABSTEM'IOUSLY.--_n._ ABSTEM'IOUSNESS. [L. _abstemius_--_abs_, from, _temetum_, strong wine.]

ABSTERSION, abs-ter'shun, _n._ act of cleansing or washing away impurities.--_v.t._ ABSTERGE', to cleanse, purge.--_adjs._ ABSTER'GENT, serving to cleanse; ABSTER'SIVE, having the quality of cleansing: purgative. [L. _absterg[=e]re_, _-tersum_, to wipe away.]

ABSTINENT, abs'tin-ent, _adj._ abstaining from: temperate.--_n._ ABS'TINENCE, an abstaining or refraining, especially from some indulgence (with _from_)--also ABS'TINENCY.--_adv._ ABS'TINENTLY. [See ABSTAIN.]

ABSTRACT, abs-trakt', _v.t._ to draw away: to separate: to purloin.--_adj._ ABSTRACT'ED, drawn off (with _from_): removed: absent in mind.--_adv._ ABSTRACT'EDLY.--_ns._ ABSTRACT'EDNESS; ABSTRAC'TION, act of abstracting: state of being abstracted: absence of mind: the operation of the mind by which certain qualities or attributes of an object are considered apart from the rest: a purloining.--_adj._ ABSTRACT'IVE, having the power of abstracting.--_n._ anything abstractive: an abstract.--_adv._ ABS'TRACTLY.--_n._ ABS'TRACTNESS. [L. _abs_, away from, _trah[)e]re_, _tractum_, to draw. See TRACE.]

ABSTRACT, abs'trakt, _adj._ general, as opposed to particular or individual (the opposite of _abstract_ is _concrete_--a red colour is an abstract notion, a red rose is a concrete notion; an abstract noun is the name of a quality apart from the thing, as redness).--_n._ summary: abridgment: essence. [L. _abstractus_, as if a quality common to a number of things were drawn away from the things and considered by itself.]

ABSTRUSE, abs-tr[=oo]s', _adj._ hidden: remote from apprehension: difficult to be understood.--_adv._ ABSTRUSE'LY.--_ns._ ABSTRUSE'NESS; ABSTRUS'ITY (_Sir T. Browne_). [L. _abstrusus_, thrust away (from observation)--_trud[)e]re_, _trusum_, to thrust.]

ABSURD, ab-surd', _adj._ obviously unreasonable or false: ridiculous.--_ns._ ABSURD'ITY, ABSURD'NESS, the quality of being absurd: anything absurd.--_adv._ ABSURD'LY. [L. _absurdus_--_ab_, from, _surdus_, harsh-sounding, deaf.]

ABUNDANCE, ab-und'ans, _n._ ample sufficiency: great plenty.--_adj._ ABUND'ANT, plentiful.--_adv._ ABUND'ANTLY. [See ABOUND.]

ABUSE, ab-[=u]z', _v.t._ to use wrongly: to pervert: to revile: to violate.--_ns._ ABUSE (ab-[=u]s'), ill use: misapplication: reproach: vituperation; AB[=U]'SION (_Spens._), abuse: deception: reproach.--_adj._ ABUS'IVE, containing or practising abuse: full of abuses: vituperative.--_adv._ ABUS'IVELY.--_n._ ABUS'IVENESS. [L. _ab_, away (from what is right), _uti_, _usus_, to use.]

ABUT, a-but', _v.i._ to end: to border (on):--_pr.p._ abut'ting; _pa.p._ abut'ted.--_ns._ ABUT'MENT, that which abuts: (_archit._) what a limb of an arch ends or rests on; ABUT'TAL, an abutment: (_pl._) the boundaries.--_p.adj._ ABUT'TING, facing each other: front to front. [Fr. _abouter_, lit. to join end to end (_[`a]_, to, _bout_, end). See BUTT, the end.]

ABY, ABYE, a-b[=i], _v.t._ or _v.i._ (_arch._) to pay the penalty: to suffer for: to give satisfaction.--ABY occurs in Spens. with sense of 'abide.' [Pfx. _a-_, and A.S. _bycgan_. See BUY.]

ABYSM, a-bizm', _n._ a form of ABYSS.--_adj._ ABYS'MAL, bottomless: unending.--_adv._ ABYSM'ALLY. [O. Fr. _abisme_, from Lat. _abyssimus_, superl. of _abyssus_, bottomless.]

ABYSS, a-bis', _n._ a bottomless gulf: a deep mass of water.--_adj._ ABYSS'AL. [Gr. _abyssos_, bottomless--_a_, without, _byssos_, bottom.]

ACACIA, a-k[=a]'shi-a, _n._ a genus of thorny leguminous plants with pinnate leaves. [L.--Gr. _akakia_--_ak[=e]_, a sharp point.]

ACADEME, ak-a-d[=e]m', _n._ (_obs._) an academy.

ACADEMIC, ak-ad-em'ik, _n._ a Platonic philosopher: a student in a college. [See ACADEMY.]

ACADEMY, ak-ad'em-i, _n._ (_orig._) the school of Plato: a higher school: a society for the promotion of science or art.--_adjs._ ACADEM'IC, -AL, of an academy: theoretical as opposed to practical.--_adv._ ACADEM'ICALLY.--_n.pl._ ACADEM'ICALS, the articles of dress worn by members of an academy or college.--_ns._ ACADEMIC'IAN, ACAD'EMIST, a member of an academy, or, specially, of the French Academy, or the Royal Academy in London. [Gr. _Akad[=e]mia_, the name of the garden near Athens where Plato taught.]

ACADIAN, a-k[=a]'di-an, _adj._ of or native to Nova Scotia, Acadia being the name given to the country by the first French settlers in 1604.

ACAJOU, ak'a-j[=oo], _n._ the gum or resin of a kind of red mahogany. [Origin doubtful. See CASHEW.]

ACALEPHA, ak-a-l[=e]'fa, _n._ a class of Radiate marine animals, consisting of soft gelatinous substance. The name was first applied to the Jelly-fish tribe, but later was made to include the true _Medusae_ or jelly-fishes, and others.--Other forms are ACALEPH and ACALEPHAN. [Gr. _akal[=e]ph[=e]_, a nettle.]

ACANTHOPTERYGIAN, ak-an-thop-t[.e]r-ij'i-an, _adj._ having spiny fins. [Gr. _akantha_, thorn, _pteryx_, _pterygos_, a wing, a fin.]

[Illustration]

ACANTHUS, a-kan'thus, _n._ a prickly plant, called bear's breech or brank-ursine: (_archit._) an ornament resembling its leaves used in the capitals of the Corinthian and Composite orders, &c.--also ACAN'THA.--_adjs._ ACAN'THINE, ACANTH[=A]'CEOUS. [L.--Gr. _akanthos_--_ak[=e]_, a point, _anthos_, a flower.]

ACARPOUS, a-kar'pus, _adj._ (_bot._) without, or not producing, fruit. [Gr. _a_, neg., and _karpos_, fruit.]

ACARUS, ak'ar-us, _n._ a genus of minute insects, of the class Arachnides, embracing the mites and ticks:--_pl._ AC'AR[=I]. [L.; Gr. _akares_, minute, too small to cut--_a_, neg., _keirein_, to cut short.]

ACATALECTIC, a-kat-a-lek'tik, _adj._ having the complete number of syllables as a verse: without defect.--_n._ an acatalectic verse. [L.--Gr. _a_, not, and CATALECTIC.]

ACATALEPSY, a-kat-a-lep'si, _n._ incomprehensibility, a term of the sceptic school of Carneades, who thought nothing could be known to certainty by man.--_adj._ ACATALEP'TIC. [Gr. _akatal[=e]psia_--_a_, neg., _kata_, thoroughly, _l[=e]psis_, a seizing--_lambanein_, to take hold.]

ACATER, a-k[=a]t'[.e]r, _n._ (_obs._) a caterer.--_n.pl._ ACATES', provisions: food. [O. Fr. _acateor_, _achatour_ (Fr. _acheteur_)--Low L. _accapt[=a]t[=o]r-em_, _accaptare_, to acquire--L. _ad-_, to, and _capt[=a]re_, to seize. See CATES.]

ACAULESCENT, a-kaw-les'ent, _adj._ without a stalk: (_bot._) having no stem above ground, or only a very short one.--Also ACAU'LOUS. [_a_, neg., L. _caulis_, a stalk, formed on pattern of ARBORESCENT.]

ACCABLE, ak-k[=a]'bl, _v.t._ (_obs._) to crush, to encumber. [Fr. _accabler_, to crush.]

ACCADIAN, a-k[=a]'di-an, _adj._ of or belonging to Accad, an ancient city mentioned in Gen. x. 10: the language preserved in the earliest form of cuneiform writing.

ACCEDE, ak-s[=e]d', _v.i._ to come to, or arrive at, a place or condition: to join one's self, hence to agree or assent (with _to_).--_ns._ ACCED'ER; ACCED'ING. [L. _acced[)e]re_, _accessum_, to go near to--_ad_, to, _ced[)e]re_, to go. See CEDE.]

ACCELERATE, ak-sel'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to increase the speed of: to hasten the progress of.--_n._ ACCELER[=A]'TION, the act of hastening: increase of speed.--_adj._ ACCEL'ERATIVE, quickening.--_n._ ACCEL'ERATOR, one who or that which accelerates: a light van to take mails between a post-office and a railway station.--_adj._ ACCEL'ERATORY. [L. _acceler[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_ad_, to, _celer_, swift. See CELERITY.]

ACCEND, ak-send', _v.i._ (_obs._) to kindle.--_ns._ ACCENDIBIL'ITY, ACCEN'SION.--_adjs._ ACCEND'IBLE, ACCEND'ING.

ACCENT, ak'sent, _n._ modulation of the voice: stress on a syllable or word: a mark used to direct this stress: any mode of utterance peculiar to a country, a province, or an individual: (_poet._) a significant word, or words generally: (_pl._) speech, language.--_v.t._ ACCENT', to express or note the accent.--_adj._ ACCENT'UAL, relating to accent.--_n._ ACCENTUAL'ITY.--_adv._ ACCENT'UALLY.--_v.t._ ACCENT'UATE, to mark or pronounce with accent: to make prominent.--_n._ ACCENTU[=A]'TION, the act of marking or of pronouncing accents. [Fr.--L. _accentus_, a tone or note--_ad_, to, _can[)e]re_, to sing.]

ACCENTOR, ak-sent'or, _n._ the so-called 'hedge-sparrow' (q.v.).

ACCEPT, ak-sept', _v.t._ to receive: to agree to: to promise to pay: (_B._) to receive with favour.--_adj._ ACCEPTABLE (ak-sept'a-bl, or ak'sept-a-bl), to be accepted: pleasing: agreeable.--_ns._ ACCEPT'ABLENESS, ACCEPTABIL'ITY, quality of being acceptable.--_adv._ ACCEPT'ABLY.--_ns._ ACCEPT'ANCE, a favourable reception: an agreeing to terms: an accepted bill; ACCEPT'ANCY, willingness to receive; ACCEPT'ANT, one who accepts--also _adj._; ACCEPT[=A]'TION, a kind reception: the received meaning of a word; ACCEPT'ER, ACCEPT'OR, one who accepts. [L. _accept[=a]re_--_accip[)e]re_, _acceptum_--_ad_, to, _cap[)e]re_, to take.]

ACCEPTILATION, ak-sept-il-[=a]'shun, _n._ (_Roman_ and _Scots law_) the remission of a debt through an acquittance by the creditor testifying to the receipt of money which never has been paid--a kind of legal fiction for a free remission: (_theol._) the doctrine that the satisfaction rendered by Christ was not in itself really a true or full equivalent, but was merely accepted by God, through his gracious good-will, as sufficient--laid down by Duns Scotus, and maintained by the Arminians. [L. _acceptilatio_.]

ACCESS, ak'ses, or ak-ses', _n._ liberty to come to, approach: increase.--_n._ ACCESSIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ ACCESS'IBLE, that may be approached.--_adv._ ACCESS'IBLY. [See ACCEDE.]

ACCESSARY, ak-ses'ar-i, or ak'ses-ar-i. Same as ACCESSORY. _Accessary_ is now the usual spelling of both the adjective and the noun in their legal sense.

ACCESSION, ak-sesh'un, _n._ a coming to: increase.--A DEED OF ACCESSION (_Scots law_), a deed by which the creditors of a bankrupt approve of a trust settlement executed by the debtor for the general behoof, and consent to the arrangement proposed.

ACCESSORY, ak'ses-sor-i, _adj._ additional: contributing to: aiding: (_law_) participating in a crime, as in reset of theft, and the like.--_n._ anything additional: one who aids or gives countenance to a crime.--_adj._ ACCESS[=O]R'IAL, relating to an accessory.--_adv._ AC'CESSORILY, in the manner of an accessory: by subordinate means.

ACCIDENCE, ak'sid-ens, _n._ the part of grammar treating of the inflections of words (because these changes are 'accidentals' of words and not 'essentials').

ACCIDENT, ak'sid-ent, _n._ that which happens: an unforeseen or unexpected event: chance: an unessential quality or property.--_adj._ ACCIDENT'AL, happening by chance: not essential.--_n._ anything not essential.--_ns._ ACCIDENT'ALISM, ACCIDENTAL'ITY.--_adv._ ACCIDENT'ALLY.--THE CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS, the unforeseen course of events. [L. _accid[)e]re_, to happen--_ad_, to, _cad[)e]re_, to fall.]

ACCITE, ak-s[=i]t', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to cite or call, to summon:--_pr.p._ acc[=i]t'ing; _pa.p._ acc[=i]t'ed. [L. _acc[=i]re_, _-citum_--_ad_, to, _ci[=e]re_, _citum_, to call.]

ACCLAMATION, ak-klam-[=a]'shun, _n._ a shout of applause--(_poet._) ACCLAIM'.--_v.t._ ACCLAIM', to declare by acclamation.--_adj._ ACCLAM'ATORY, expressing acclamation. [L. _acclam[=a]re_--_ad_, to, _clam[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to shout. See CLAIM.]

ACCLIMATISE, ak-kl[=i]m'at-[=i]z, _v.t._ to inure to a foreign climate--also ACCLIM'ATE.--_n._ ACCLIMATIS[=A]'TION, the act of acclimatising: the state of being acclimatised--also ACCLIM[=A]'TION, ACCLIMAT[=A]'TION, the former anomalous, the second used in French. [Fr. _acclimater_, from _[`a]_ and _climat_. See CLIMATE.]

ACCLIMATURE, ak-kl[=i]'ma-t[=u]r, _n._ Same as ACCLIMATISATION.

ACCLIVITY, ak-kliv'i-ti, _n._ a slope upwards--opp. to _Declivity_, a slope downwards.--_adj._ ACCL[=I]'VOUS, rising as an acclivity--also ACCLIV'ITOUS. [L. _ad_, to, _clivus_, a slope.]

ACCLOY, ak-kloi', _v.t._ (_obs._) to cloy or choke: to fill to satiety: to encumber. [See CLOY.]

ACCOAST, ak-k[=o]st', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to fly near the earth. [See ACCOST.]

ACCOIL, ak-koil', _v.i._ (_Spens._) to gather together. [Through Fr.--L. _ad_, to, _collig[)e]ere_, to collect. See COIL.]

ACCOLADE, ak-ol-[=a]d', _n._ a ceremony used in conferring knighthood, formerly an embrace, a kiss, now a slap on the shoulders with the flat of a sword. [Fr.--L. _ad_, to, _collum_, neck.]

ACCOMMODATE, ak-kom'mod-[=a]t, _v.t._ to adapt: to make suitable: to adjust: to harmonise or force into consistency (_to_): to furnish or supply (_with_): to provide entertainment for.--_p.adj._ ACCOM'MODATING, affording accommodation: obliging: pliable: easily corrupted.--_n._ ACCOMMOD[=A]'TION, convenience: fitness: adjustment: obligingness: an arrangement or compromise: (_theol._) an adaptation or method of interpretation which explains the special form in which the revelation is presented as unessential to its contents, or rather as often adopted by way of compromise with human ignorance or weakness: a loan of money.--_adj._ ACCOM'MODATIVE, furnishing accommodation: obliging.--_ns._ ACCOM'MODATIVENESS; ACCOM'MODATOR.--ACCOMMODATION BILL, a bill drawn, accepted, or endorsed by one or more persons as security for a sum advanced to another by a third party, as a banker; ACCOMMODATION LADDER, a stairway at the outside of a ship's gangway to facilitate access to boats. [L. _ad_, to, _commodus_, fitting. See COMMODIOUS.]

ACCOMPANABLE, ak-kum'pan-a-bl, _adj._ (_obs._) sociable. [From ACCOMPANY.]