Part 46

CHERVIL, ch[.e]r'vil, _n._ an umbelliferous plant, cultivated as a pot-herb, and used in soups and for a garnish, &c., in the same manner as parsley. In Scotland the plant is commonly called _Myrrh_. [A.S. _cerfille_ (Ger. _kerbel_)--L. _caerefolium_--Gr. _chairephyllon_.]

CHESIL, chez'il, _n._ gravel: shingle: bran.--Also CHISEL. [A.S. _cisil_.]

CHESS, ches, _n._ a game of skill for two persons or parties, played with figures or 'pieces,' which are moved on a chequered board.--_n._ CHESS'-BOARD, the board on which chess is played.--_n.pl._ CHESS'-MEN, pieces used in chess. [Fr. _['e]checs_; It. _scacchi_; Ger. _schach_. Orig. from Pers. _sh['a]h_, a king.]

CHESS, ches, _n._ one of the parallel planks of a pontoon-bridge--generally in _pl._

CHESSEL, ches'el, _n._ a cheese mould or vat.

CHEST, chest, _n._ a large strong box: the part of the body between the neck and the abdomen, the thorax.--_adj._ CHEST'ED, having a chest: placed in a chest.--_n._ CHEST'-NOTE, in singing or speaking, a deep note, the lowest sound of the voice. [A.S. _cyst_; Scot. _kist_--L. _cista_--Gr. _kist[=e]_.]

CHESTNUT, CHESNUT, ches'nut, _n._ a nut or fruit enclosed in a prickly case: the tree that bears it: (_slang_) a stale joke or story.--_adj._ of a chestnut colour, reddish-brown. [O. Fr. _chastaigne_--L. _castanea_--Gr. _kastanon_, from _Castana_, in Pontus.]

CHETVERT, chet'vert, _n._ a Russian dry measure, equal to 8 _chevteriks_.

[Illustration]

CHEVAL-DE-FRISE, she-val'-de-fr[=e]z, _n._ a piece of timber armed with spikes, used to defend a passage or to stop cavalry:--_pl._ CHEVAUX-DE-FRISE (she-v[=o]'-).--_n._ CHEVAL'-GLASS, a large glass or mirror supported on a frame. [Fr.,--_cheval_, horse; _Frise_, Friesland.]

CHEVALIER, shev-a-l[=e]r', _n._ a cavalier: a knight: a gallant. [Fr.,--_cheval_--L. _caballus_, a horse.]

CHEVELURE, shev'e-l[=u]r, _n._ a head of hair: a periwig: the nebulous part of a comet. [Fr.,--L. _capillatura_--_capillus_, hair.]

CHEVEN, chev'en, _n._ the chub.--Also CHEV'IN.

CHEVEREL, chev'[.e]r-el, _n._ a kid: soft, flexible leather made of kid-skin.--_adj._ like kid leather, pliable. [Fr. _chevreau_, a kid--_ch[`e]vre_; L. _capra_, a goat.]

CHEVESAILE, chev'e-s[=a]l, _n._ an ornamental collar of a coat. [O. Fr. _chevesaile_--_chevece_, the neck.]

CHEVIOT, ch[=e]'vi-ot, or chev'i-ot, _n._ a hardy breed of short-wooled sheep reared on the _Cheviot_ Hills: a cloth made from their wool.

CHEVISANCE, shev'i-z[:a]ns, _n._ (_Spens._) achievement, performance. [Fr.,--_chevir_, to accomplish; _chef_, the head, the end.]

[Illustration]

CHEVRON, shev'ron, _n._ a rafter: (_her._) the representation of two rafters of a house meeting at the top: the V-shaped band of worsted braid or gold lace worn on the sleeve of a non-commissioned officer's coat.--_adjs._ CHEVRONE', CHEV'RONED. [Fr. _chevron_ (Sp. _cabrio_), a rafter--L. _capreolus_, dim. of _caper_, a goat.]

CHEVY, chev'i, CHIVY, chiv'i, _n._ a cry, shout: a hunt.--_v.t._ to chase. [Perh. from 'Chevy Chase,' a well-known ballad relating a Border battle.]

CHEW, ch[=oo], _v.t._ to cut and bruise with the teeth: to masticate: (_fig._) to meditate, reflect.--_n._ action of chewing: a quid of tobacco.--_ns._ CHEW'ET, a kind of pie or pudding made of various ingredients mixed together; CHEW'ING-GUM, a preparation made from a gum called _chicle_, produced by a Mexican tree allied to the india-rubber tree, sweetened and flavoured.--CHEW THE CUD, to masticate a second time food that has already been swallowed and passed into the first stomach: to ruminate in thought. [A.S. _ce['o]wan_; Ger. _kauen_; cf. JAW.]

CHEWET, ch[=oo]'et, _n._ a chough; (_Shak._) a chatterer. [Fr. _chouette_, an owl.]

CHIAN, k[=i]'an, _adj._ pertaining to _Chios_ in the Aegean Sea.

CHIANTI, k[=e]-an'ti, _n._ a red wine of Tuscany.

CHIAROSCURO, ky[:a]r'o-sk[=u]-ro, _n._ distribution or blending of light and shade, the art of representing light in shadow and shadow in light.

CHIASM, k[=i]'azm, _n._ (_anat._) a decussation or intersection, esp. that of the optic nerves--also CHIAS'MA.--_n._ CHIAS'MUS (_rhet._), contrast by parallelism in reverse order, as 'Do not live to eat, but eat to live.'--_adj._ CHIAS'TIC. [Gr. _chiasma_, two lines crossed as in the letter X.]

CHIAUS, chows, _n._ Same as CHOUSE.

CHIBOUK, CHIBOUQUE, chi-book', _n._ a long straight-stemmed Turkish pipe for smoking. [Turk.]

CHIC, sh[=e]k, _n._ style, fashion: adroitness.--_adj._ stylish, 'up to the mark.' [Fr.]

CHICA, ch[=e]'ka, _n._ an orange-red dye-stuff, obtained by boiling the leaves of the Bignonia, a climber of the banks of the Cassiquiare and the Orinoco. [Native name.]

CHICANE, shi-k[=a]n', _v.i._ to use shifts and tricks.--_v.t._ to deceive.--_n._ a trick or artifice.--_ns._ CHIC[=A]'NER, one who chicanes: a quibbler; CHIC[=A]'NERY, trickery or artifice, esp. in legal proceedings: quibbling; CHIC[=A]'NING, quibbling. [Fr. _chicane_, sharp practice at law, most prob. from Late Gr. _tzykanion_, a game at mall, _tzykaniz-ein_, to play at mall--Pers. _tchaug[=a]n_, a crooked mallet.]

CHICCORY. See CHICORY.

CHICH, chich, _n._ a dwarf pea. Same as CHICK-PEA.

CHICHA, ch[=e]ch'a, _n._ a South American liquor fermented from maize. [Haytian.]

CHICK, chik, _n._ the young of fowls, esp. of the hen: a child, as a term of endearment.--_ns._ CHICK'A-BID'DY, CHICK'-A-DID'DLE, terms of endearment addressed to children; CHICK'EN, the young of birds, esp. of the hen: its flesh: a child: a faint-hearted person; CHICK'EN-HAZ'ARD, a game at dice (see HAZARD); CHICK'EN-HEART, a cowardly person.--_adj._ CHICK'EN-HEART'ED.--_ns._ CHICK'EN-POX, a contagious febrile disease, chiefly of children, and bearing some resemblance to a very mild form of small-pox; CHICK'LING, a little chicken; CHICK'WEED, a species of stitchwort, and one of the most common weeds of gardens and cultivated fields--for making poultices, and for feeding cage-birds, which are very fond of its leaves and seeds.--MOTHER CAREY'S CHICKEN, a sailor's name for the Stormy Petrel; NO CHICKEN, one no longer young. [A.S. _cicen_; cf. Dut. _kieken_, Ger. _k[:u]chlein_.]

CHICK-PEA, chik'-p[=e], _n._ a dwarf species of pea cultivated for food in the south of Europe and other places. [Fr. _chiche_--L. _cicer_, and PEA.]

CHICORY, CHICCORY, chik'o-ri, _n._ a plant whose long carrot-like root is ground to adulterate coffee.--Also SUC'CORY. [Fr. _chicor['e]e_--L. _cichorium_, succory--Gr. _kich[=o]rion_.]

CHIDE, ch[=i]d, _v.t._ to scold, rebuke, reprove by words: to be noisy about, as the sea.--_v.i._ to make a snarling, murmuring sound, as a dog or trumpet:--_pr.p._ chid'ing; _pa.t._ chid, (_obs._) ch[=o]de; _pa.p._ chid, chidd'en.--_ns._ CHID'ER (_Shak._), a quarrelsome person; CHID'ING, scolding. [A.S. _c['i]dan_.]

CHIEF, ch[=e]f, _adj._ head: principal, highest, first: (_Scot._) intimate.--_adv._ chiefly.--_n._ a head or principal person: a leader: the principal part or top of anything: (_her._) an ordinary, consisting of the upper part of the field cut off by a horizontal line, generally made to occupy one-third of the area of the shield.--_ns._ CHIEF'-BAR'ON, the President of the Court of Exchequer; CHIEF'DOM, CHIEF'SHIP, state of being chief: sovereignty; CHIEF'ERY, an Irish chieftaincy: the dues paid to a chief; CHIEF'ESS, a female chief; CHIEF'-JUS'TICE (see JUSTICE).--_adj._ CHIEF'LESS, without a chief or leader.--_adv._ CHIEF'LY, in the first place: principally: for the most part.--_ns._ CHIEF'RY, a rent paid to the supreme lord: a chief's lands; CHIEF'TAIN, the head of a clan: a leader or commander:--_fem._ CHIEF'TAINESS; CHIEF'TAINCY, CHIEF'TAINSHIP; CHIEF'TAINRY.--IN CHIEF (_her._) means that the charge is borne in the upper part of the shield: applied to holding land directly from the sovereign: at the head, as commander-_in-chief_. [Fr. _chef_--L. _caput_, the head.]

CHIELD, ch[=e]ld, _n._ (_Scot._) a lad, a young man.--Also CHIEL. [A form of CHILD.]

CHIFF-CHAFF, chif'-chaf, _n._ a small species of Warbler, so called from the resemblance of its notes to the syllables which form its name.

CHIFFON, shif'ong, _n._ any merely ornamental part of a woman's dress.--_n._ CHIFFONIER', an ornamental cupboard: (_Fr._) a rag-picker. [Fr.--_chiffe_, rag.]

CHIFFRE, sh[=e]'fr, _n._ (_mus._) a figure used to denote the harmony. [Fr.]

CHIG, chig, _v.t._ (_prov._) to chew.--_n._ a chew, quid.

CHIGNON, sh[=e]'nyong, _n._ a general term for the long back-hair of women, when gathered up and folded into a roll on the back of the head and neck. [Fr., meaning first the nape of the neck, the joints of which are like the links of a chain--_cha[^i]non_, the link of a chain--_cha[^i]ne_, a chain.]

CHIGOE, chig'[=o], CHIGRE, CHIGGER, chig'[.e]r, _n._ a species of flea of the West Indies, the female of which buries itself beneath the toe-nails, and produces troublesome sores. [Fr. _chique_.]

CHIKARA, chi-k[:a]'r[:a]', _n._ a four-horned goat-like antelope of Bengal.

CHIKARA, chik'a'r[:a], _n._ a Hindu musical instrument of the violin class.

CHILBLAIN, chil'bl[=a]n, _n._ a localised inflammation of the skin which occurs in cold weather on hands and feet, more rarely on ears and nose. [CHILL and BLAIN.]

CHILD, ch[=i]ld, _n._ an infant or very young person: (_Shak._) a female infant: one intimately related to one older: expressing origin or relation, e.g. child of the East, child of shame, child of God, &c.: a disciple: a youth of gentle birth, esp. in ballads, &c.--sometimes CHILDE and CHYLDE: (_pl._) offspring: descendants: inhabitants:--_pl._ CHIL'DREN.--_ns._ CHILD'-BEAR'ING, the act of bringing forth children; CHILD'BED, the state of a woman brought to bed with child; CHILD'BIRTH, the giving birth to a child: parturition; CHILD'-CROW'ING, a nervous affection with spasm of the muscles closing the glottis.--_adj._ CHILD'ED (_Shak._), possessed of a child.--_n._ CHILD'HOOD, state of being a child: the time of one's being a child.--_adjs._ CHILD'ING (_Shak._), fruitful, teeming; CHILD'ISH, of or like a child: silly: trifling.--_adv._ CHILD'ISHLY.--_ns._ CHILD'ISHNESS, CHILD'NESS, what is natural to a child: puerility.--_adjs._ CHILD'LESS, without children; CHILD'-LIKE, like a child: becoming a child: docile: innocent.--_n._ CHILD'-WIFE, a very young wife.--CHILD'S PLAY, something very easy to do: something slight.--FROM or OF A CHILD, since the days of childhood.--SECOND CHILDHOOD, the childishness of old age.--WITH CHILD, pregnant, e.g. GET WITH CHILD, BE or GO WITH CHILD. [A.S. _cild_, pl. _cild_, later _cildru_, _-ra_. The Ger. equivalent word is _kind_.]

CHILDERMAS-DAY, chil'd[.e]r-mas-d[=a], _n._ an anniversary in the Church of England, called also _Innocents' Day_, held 28th December, to commemorate the slaying of the children by Herod. [CHILD, MASS, and DAY.]

CHILIAD, kil'i-ad, _n._ the number 1000: 1000 of anything.--_ns._ CHIL'IAGON, a plane figure having 1000 angles; CHIL'IAH[=E]DRON, a solid figure having 1000 sides; CHIL'IARCH, a leader or commander of a thousand men; CHIL'IARCHY, the position of chiliarch; CHIL'IASM, the doctrine that Christ will reign bodily upon the earth for 1000 years; CHIL'IAST, one who holds this opinion. [Gr.,--_chilioi_, 1000.]

CHILL, chil, _n._ coldness: a cold that causes shivering: anything that damps or disheartens.--_adj._ shivering with cold: slightly cold: opposite of _cordial_.--_v.i._ to grow cold.--_v.t._ to make chill or cold: to blast with cold: to discourage.--_adj._ CHILLED, made cold: hardened by chilling, as iron.--_n._ CHILL'INESS.--_adj._ CHILL'ING, cooling, cold.--_n._ CHILL'NESS.--_adj._ CHILLY, that chills: somewhat chill.--TAKE THE CHILL OFF, to give a slight heat: to make lukewarm. [A.S. _cele_, _ciele_, cold. See COLD, COOL.]

CHILLI, chil'li, _n._ the seed pod or fruit of the capsicum, extremely pungent and stimulant, and employed in sauces, mixed pickles, &c.; when dried and ground, forms the spice called Cayenne pepper. [The Mexican name.]

CHILLUM, chil'um, _n._ the part of a hookah containing the tobacco and charcoal balls: a hookah itself: the act of smoking it. [Hind. _chilam_.]

CHILTERN HUNDREDS. See HUNDREDS.

CHIME, ch[=i]m, _n._ the harmonious sound of bells or other musical instruments: agreement of sound or of relation: harmony: (_pl._) a set of bells.--_v.i._ to sound in harmony: to jingle: to accord or agree: to rhyme.--_v.t._ to strike, or cause to sound in harmony: to say words over mechanically.--CHIME IN, to join in, in agreement; CHIME IN WITH, to agree, or fall in with. [M. E. _chimbe_, prob. O. Fr. _cymbale_--L. _cymbalum_, a cymbal.]

CHIME, CHIMB, ch[=i]m, _n._ the rim formed by the ends of the staves of a cask: (_naut._) a hollowed or bevelled channel in the waterway of a ship's deck. [Cog. with Dut. _kim_, Ger. _kimme_, edge.]

CHIMER, shim'er, CHIMERE, shi-m[=e]r, _n._ the upper robe worn by a bishop, to which lawn sleeves are attached. [O. Fr. _chamarre_; Sp. _zamarra_, _chamarra_, sheepskin.]

CHIMERA, CHIMAERA, ki-m[=e]'ra, _n._ a fabulous, fire-spouting monster, with a lion's head, a serpent's tail, and a goat's body: any idle or wild fancy: a picture of an animal having its parts made up of various animals: a genus of cartilaginous fishes, often ranked along with the sharks and rays.--_adjs._ CHIMER'IC, -AL, of the nature of a chimera: wild: fanciful.--_adv._ CHIMER'ICALLY. [L.,--Gr. _chimaira_, a she-goat.]

CHIMNEY, chim'ni, _n._ a passage for the escape of smoke or heated air from a furnace: in houses, that part of the passage which is built above the roof: anything of a like shape.--_ns._ CHIM'NEY-CAN, or -POT, a cylindrical pipe of earthenware or other material placed at the top of a chimney to increase the draught; CHIM'NEY-COR'NER, in old chimneys, the space between the fire and the wall forming the sides of the fireplace: fireside, commonly spoken of as the place for the aged and infirm; CHIM'NEY-PIECE, a shelf over the fireplace; CHIM'NEY-SHAFT, the stalk of a chimney which rises above the building; CHIM'NEY-STACK, a group of chimneys carried up together; CHIM'NEY-STALK, a very tall chimney; CHIM'NEY-SWALL'OW, the _Hirundo rustica_, a very common swallow: the chimney-swift; CHIM'NEY-SWEEP, CHIM'NEY-SWEEP'ER, one who sweeps or cleans chimneys; CHIM'NEY-TOP, the top of a chimney.--CHIMNEY-POT HAT, a familiar name for the ordinary cylindrical hat of gentlemen. [Fr. _chemin['e]e_--L. _cam[=i]nus_; Gr. _kaminos_, a furnace.]

CHIMPANZEE, chim-pan'z[=e], _n._ an African ape, the highest of the anthropoid or more man-like apes, belonging to the same genus as the gorilla. [West African.]

CHIN, chin, _n._ the jutting part of the face below the mouth.--UP TO THE CHIN, deeply immersed. [A.S. _cin_; Ger. _kinn_, Gr. _genys_.]

CHINA, ch[=i]n'a, _n._ fine kind of earthenware, originally made in _China_: porcelain.--_ns._ CHIN'A-BARK, a common name of cinchona bark (derived not from the empire of China, but from. _Kina_ or _Quina_, the Peruvian name of cinchona--see QUININE); CHIN'A-CLAY, a fine white clay used in making porcelain; CHIN'A-GRASS (_Boehmeria nivea_), a small shrubby-like plant, allied to the nettle, native to China; the fibre of this plant used for making ropes and cordage, and also in China for the manufacture of grass-cloth; CHIN'A-INK (see INK); CHIN'AMAN, a native of China; CHIN'A-ROOT, the root-stock of a Chinese shrubby plant, formerly used in Europe medicinally, but still in the East as a remedy in rheumatic or syphilitic cases; CHIN'A-ROSE, a name applied to several varieties of garden roses; CHIN'A-SHOP, a shop in which china, crockery, &c. are sold; CHIN'A-WARE, porcelain-ware; CHINEE', a Chinaman.--_adj._ CHINESE', of or belonging to China.--CHINA ASTER (see ASTER).

CHINCH, chinch, _n._ the bed-bug in America. [Sp.,--L. _cimic-em_.]

CHINCHILLA, chin-chil'la, _n._ a small rodent quadruped of South America, valued for its soft gray fur: the fur itself. [Sp.]

CHINCOUGH, chin'kof, _n._ a disease, esp. of children, attended with violent fits of coughing: whooping-cough. [For _chink-cough_; Scot. _kink-host_, Dut. _kinkhoest_. See CHINK and COUGH.]

CHINE, ch[=i]n, _n._ the spine or backbone: a piece of the backbone and adjoining parts for cooking: a ridge, crest.--_v.t._ (_Spens._) to break the back. [O. Fr. _eschine_, prob. from Old High Ger. _scina_, a pin, thorn.]

CHIN['E], sh[=e]-n[=a]', _adj._ mottled in appearance, the warp being dyed in different colours, or from threads of different colours twisted together. [Fr., lit. 'Chinese.']

CHINE, ch[=i]n, _n._ a ravine. [A.S. _cinu_, a cleft.]

CHINK, chingk, _n._ a cleft, a narrow opening.--_v.i._ to crack.--_v.t._ to fill up cracks.--_adj._ CHINK'Y, full of chinks. [Apparently formed upon M. E. _chine_, a crack--A.S. _cinu_, a cleft.]

CHINK, chingk, _n._ the clink, as of coins.--_v.i._ to give forth a sharp sound. [From the sound.]

CHINK, chingk, _n._ a gasp for breath.--_v.i._ to gasp--the northern form _Kink_. [Cf. Dut. _kinken_, to cough; Ger. _keichen_, to gasp.]

CHINKAPIN, ching'ka-pin, _n._ the dwarf chestnut, a native of the United States.--Also CHIN'CAPIN. [Ind.]

CHINOOK, chin-[=oo]k', _n._ a trader's jargon, consisting of words from French and English, as well as Chinook and other Indian tongues.

CHINTZ, chints, _n._ a highly glazed printed calico, with a pattern generally in several colours on a white or light-coloured ground. [Orig. pl. of Hind, _chint_, spotted cotton-cloth.]

CHIP, chip, _v.t._ to chop or cut into small pieces: to hew: of chickens, to break the shell of the egg in hatching: to pare away the crust of bread, &c.: to bet:--_pr.p._ chip'ping; _pa.p._ chipped.--_n._ a small piece of wood or other substance chopped off: (_slang_) a sovereign.--_n._ CHIP'-HAT, a cheap kind of hat, made of what is popularly called Brazilian grass, but really consisting of strips of the leaves of a palm (_Chamaerops argentea_) imported from Cuba.--_adj._ CHIP'PY, abounding in chips: dry as a chip: seedy from an overdose of liquor.--CHIP IN, to supply one's part.--A CHIP OF THE OLD BLOCK, one with the characteristics of his father. [M. E. _chippen_, to cut in pieces. Conn. with CHOP.]

CHIPMUCK, CHIPMUNK, chip'muk, -mungk, _n._ a kind of squirrel, common in North America.

CHIPPENDALE, chip'pen-d[=a]l, _adj._ applied to a light style of drawing-room furniture, after the name of a well-known cabinet-maker of the 18th century. The name is also applied to a style of book plates.

CHIRAGRA, k[=i]-rag'ra, _n._ gout in the hand.--_adjs._ CHIRAG'RIC, -AL. [Gr.]

CHIRIMOYA. See CHERIMOYER.

CHIRK, ch[.e]rk, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to grate: to chirp or squeak. [A.S. _cearcian_, to creak.]

CHIRL, chirl, _v.i._ to emit a low sound: to warble.--_n._ a kind of musical warble. [Scot., from the sound. See CHIRR.]

CHIRM, ch[.e]rm, _v.i._ to cry out: to chirp.--_n._ noise, din, hum of voices. [A.S. _cirman_, to cry out; cf. Dut. _kermen_.]

CHIROGNOMY, k[=i]-rog'n[=o]-mi, _n._ the so-called art or science of judging character from the lines of the hand, palmistry.--_adj._ CHIROGNOM'IC. [Gr. _cheir_, the hand, _gn[=o]m[=e]_, understanding.]

CHIROGRAPH, k[=i]-rog-raf', _n._ any written or signed document.--_ns._ CHIROG'RAPHER, CHIROG'RAPHIST, one who professes the art of writing---_adj._ CHIROGRAPH'IC--_n._ CHIROG'RAPHY, the art of writing, or penmanship. [Gr. _cheir_, the hand, _graph[=e]_, writing.]

CHIROLOGY, k[=i]-rol'o-ji, _n._ the art of discoursing with the hands or by signs, as the deaf and dumb do.--_n._ CHIROL'OGIST, one who converses by signs with the hands. [Gr. _cheir_, the hand, _logia_, a discourse.]

CHIROMANCY. Same as CHEIROMANCY.

CHIROPODIST, k[=i]-rop'o-dist, _n._ a hand and foot doctor: one who removes corns, bunions, warts, &c. [Gr. _cheir_, the hand, and _pous_, _podos_, the foot.]

CHIRP, ch[.e]rp, _n._ the sharp, shrill sound of certain birds and insects.--_v.i._ to make such a sound; to talk in a happy and lively strain.--_v.t._ to cheer.--_n._ CHIRP'ER, a little bird: a chirping-cup.--_adj._ CHIRP'ING, merry: cheering.--_n._ CHIRP'ING-CUP, a cup that cheers.--_adj._ CHIRP'Y, lively: merry. [From the sound.]

CHIRR, ch[.e]r, _v.i._ to chirp, as is done by the cricket or grasshopper. [From the sound.]

CHIRRUP, chir'up, _v.i._ to chirp: to make a sound with the mouth to urge on a horse: to cheer up. [Lengthened form of CHIRP, and then brought into connection with _cheer up_.]

CHIRT, ch[.e]rt, _n._ a squeeze.--_v.t._ to squeeze. [Conn. with CHIRR.]

CHIRUR'GEON, CHIRUR'GERY, CHIRUR'GICAL, old forms of SURGEON, SURGERY, SURGICAL.--_adv._ CHIRUR'GEONLY (_Shak._), in a manner becoming a surgeon. [Fr. _chirurgien_--Gr. _cheirourgos_--_cheir_, the hand, _ergon_, a work.]

CHISEL, chiz'el, _n._ an iron or steel tool to cut or hollow out wood, stone, &c.: esp. the tool of the sculptor.--_v.t._ to cut, carve, &c. with a chisel: (_slang_) to cheat:--_pr.p._ chis'elling; _pa.p._ chis'elled.--_adj._ CHIS'ELLED, cut with a chisel; (_fig._) having sharp outlines, as cut by a chisel.--_n._ CHIS'ELLING.--_adj._ CHIS'EL-SHAPED.--_n._ CHIS'EL-TOOTH, the scalpriform perennial incisor of a rodent. [O. Fr. _cisel_--L. _caed[)e]re_, to cut.]

CHISEL, chiz'el, _n._ See CHESIL.

CHISLEU, chis'l[=u], _n._ the ninth month of the Jewish year, including parts of November and December. [Heb.]

CHIT, chit, _n._ a note: an order or pass.--Also CHIT'TY. [Hind. _chitthi_.]

CHIT, chit, _n._ a baby: a lively or pert young child: contemptuously, a young woman or girl. [A.S. _cith_, a young tender shoot.]

CHITCHAT, chit'chat, _n._ chatting or idle talk: prattle: gossip. [A reduplication of CHAT.]

CHITIN, k[=i]'tin, _n._ the substance which forms most of the hard parts of jointed footed animals.--_adj._ CH[=I]'TINOUS. [Fr. _chitine_--Gr. _chiton_, a tunic.]

CHITON, k[=i]'ton, _n._ the ancient Greek tunic: a genus of marine molluscs. [Gr. _chit[=o]n_, a tunic]

CHITTER, chit'[.e]r, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to shiver.--_n._ CHITT'ERING. [Cf. CHATTER.]

CHITTERLING, chit'[.e]r-ling, _n._ the smaller intestines of a pig or other edible animal: a frill--prov. forms, _Chidling_, _Chitling_, _Chitter_. [Ety. dub.]

CHIVALRY, shiv'al-ri, _n._ the usages and qualifications of chevaliers or knights: bravery and courtesy: the system of knighthood in feudal times.--_adjs._ CHIVAL'RIC, CHIV'ALROUS, pertaining to chivalry: bold: gallant.--_adv._ CHIV'ALROUSLY.--_n._ CHIV'ALROUSNESS. [Fr. _chevalerie_--_cheval_--Low L. _caballus_, a horse.]

CHIVE, ch[=i]v, _n._ an herb like the leek and onion, with small, flat, clustered bulbs: a small bulb.--Also CIVE. [Fr. _cive_--L. _caepa_, an onion.]

CHIVY, chiv'vy, or CHEVY, chev'vy, _n._ a hunting cry.--_v.t._ to chase.--_v.i._ to scamper. [Prob. from the Border battle of _Chevy_ Chase.]

CHLAMYS, kl[=a]'mis, _n._ an ancient Greek short cloak or mantle for men: a purple cope: a genus of phytophagous beetles. [Gr.]

CHLOASMA, kl[=o]-az'ma, _n._ a skin-disease marked by yellowish-brown patches. [Gr. _chlo[=e]_, verdure.]

CHLORINE, kl[=o]'rin, _n._ a yellowish-green gas with a peculiar and suffocating odour.--_ns._ CHL[=O]'RAL, a limpid, colourless, oily liquid, with a peculiar penetrating odour, formed when anhydrous alcohol is acted on by dry chlorine gas; CHL[=O]'RALISM, the habit of using chloral, a morbid state induced by such; CHL[=O]'RATE, a salt composed of chloric acid and a base.--_adj._ CHL[=O]'RIC, of or from chlorine.--_n._ CHL[=O]'RIDE, a compound of chlorine with some other substance, as potash, soda, &c.--_v.t._ CHL[=O]'RIDISE, to convert into a chloride: (_phot._) to cover with chloride of silver--also CHL[=O]'RIDATE.--_n._ CHLORIN[=A]'TION, the process of getting gold, &c., out of ore by the use of chlorine.--_v.t._ CHL[=O]'RINISE, to combine or otherwise treat with chlorine--also CHL[=O]'RINATE.--_ns._ CHL[=O]'RITE, a mineral consisting of silica, alumina, &c., in variable proportions--it is of a green colour, rather soft, and is easily scratched with a knife; CHL[=O]'RODYNE, a patent medicine containing opium, chloroform, &c., used for allaying pain and inducing sleep; CHL[=O]'ROFORM, a limpid, mobile, colourless, volatile liquid, with a characteristic odour and a strong sweetish taste, used to induce insensibility.--_adj._ CHL[=O]'ROID, like chlorine.--_ns._ CHL[=O]ROM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the bleaching powers of chloride of lime; CHL[=O]ROM'ETRY, the process of testing the decolouring power of any compound of chlorine; CHL[=O]'ROPHYL, the ordinary colouring matter of vegetation, consisting of minute soft granules in the cells; CHLOR[=O]'SIS, properly _green-sickness_, a peculiar form of anaemia or bloodlessness, common in young women, and connected with the disorders incident to the critical period of life.--_adjs._ CHL[=O]ROT'IC, pertaining to chlorosis; CHL[=O]'ROUS, full of chlorine.--CHLORIC ACID, a syrupy liquid, with faint chlorine colour and acid reaction. [Gr. _chl[=o]ros_, pale-green.]

CHOBDAR, chob'dar, _n._ a frequent attendant of Indian nobles, and formerly also of Anglo-Indian officials of rank, carrying a staff overlaid with silver. [Pers.]

CHOCK, chok, _v.t._ to fasten as with a block or wedge.--_n._ a wedge to keep a cask from rolling: a log.--_adjs._ CHOCK'-FULL, CHOKE'-FULL, quite full; CHOCK'-TIGHT, very tight. [See CHOKE.]

CHOCOLATE, chok'[=o]-l[=a]t, _n._ a preparation of the seeds of _Theobroma cacao_, made by grinding the seeds mixed with water to a very fine paste: a beverage made by dissolving this paste in boiling water.--_adj._ chocolate-coloured, dark reddish-brown: made of or flavoured with chocolate. [Sp. _chocolate_; from Mex. _chocolatl_, chocolate.]

CHODE, ch[=o]d, an obsolete _pa.t._ of CHIDE.

CHOICE, chois, _n._ act or power of choosing: the thing chosen: alternative: preference: the preferable or best part.--_adj._ worthy of being chosen: select: appropriate.--_adjs._ CHOICE'-DRAWN (_Shak._), selected with care; CHOICE'FUL (_Spens._), making many choices, fickle.--_adv._ CHOICE'LY, with discrimination or care.--_n._ CHOICE'NESS,

## particular value: excellence: nicety.--HOBSON'S CHOICE, the alternative of

a thing offered or nothing, from _Hobson_, a Cambridge carrier and innkeeper, who insisted on lending out the horse nearest the stable door, or none at all.--MAKE CHOICE OF, to select; TAKE ONE'S CHOICE, to take what one wishes. [Fr. _choix_--_choisir_; cf. CHOOSE.]

CHOIR, kw[=i]r, _n._ a chorus or band of singers, esp. those belonging to a church: the part of a church appropriated to the singers: the part of a cathedral separated from the nave by a rail or screen.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to sing in chorus.--_ns._ CHOIR'-OR'GAN, one of the departments of a cathedral organ, standing behind the _great-organ_, having its tones less powerful, and more fitted to accompany the voice; CHOIR'SCREEN, a screen of lattice-work, separating the choir from the nave, so as to prevent general access thereto, though not to interrupt either sight or sound.--_adj._ CH[=O]'RAL, belonging to a chorus or choir.--_ns._ CH[=O]RAL', CHORALE', a simple harmonised composition, with slow rhythm: a tune written for a psalm or hymn: in R.C. usage, any part of the service sung by the whole choir.--_adv._ CH[=O]'RALLY, in the manner of a chorus: so as to suit a choir. [Fr. _choeur_--L. _chorus_--Gr. _choros_.]