Part 35

BUM, bum, _v.i._ to hum or make a murmuring sound, as a bee: (_slang_) to live dissolutely.--_pr.p._ bum'ming; _pa.p._ bummed.--_n._ a humming sound: a spree, debauch: a dissipated fellow. [Onomatopoeic.]

BUMBAZE, bum'b[=a]z, _v.t._ to confound, bamboozle.

BUMBLE-BEE, bum'bl-b[=e], _n._ a large kind of bee that makes a bumming or humming noise: the humble-bee.--_n._ BUM'-CLOCK (_Scot._), a drone-beetle. [M. E. _bumble_, freq. of BUM, and BEE.]

BUMBLEDOM, bum'bl-dom, _n._ fussy pomposity. [From _Bumble_, name of the beadle in Dickens's _Oliver Twist_.]

BUMBLE-FOOT, bum'bl-foot, _n._ a disease of domestic fowls, marked by inflammation of the ball of the foot: a club-foot.--_adj._ BUM'BLE-FOOT'ED, club-footed.

BUMBLE-PUPPY, bum'bl-pup'i, _n._ whist played regardless of rules: the game of nine-holes.--_n._ BUM'BLE-PUPP'IST, one who plays whist without knowing the game.

BUMBO, bum'b[=o], _n._ a punch of rum or gin with sugar, nutmeg, &c.

BUMKIN, BUMPKIN, bum'kin, _n._ a short beam of timber projecting from each bow of a ship, for the purpose of extending the lower corner of the foresail to windward: a small outrigger over the stern of a boat, usually serving to extend the mizzen. [From BOOM, and dim. termination _kin_.]

BUMMALO, bum'a-l[=o], _n._ a small fish dried and salted all round the coast of India--_Bombay duck_ and _nehar_.--Also BUMMAL[=O]'TI. [East Ind.]

BUMMAREE, bum'ar-[=e], _n._ a middleman in the Billingsgate fish-market. [Ety. unknown: hardly the Fr. _bonne mar['e]e_, good fresh sea-fish.]

BUMMER, bum'[.e]r, _n._ a plundering straggler or camp-follower during the American Civil War: a dissolute fellow, a loafer, a sponge.

BUMMLE, bum'l, _v.i._ (_prov._) to blunder.--_n._ an idle fellow.

BUMMOCK, bum'ok, _n._ (_Scot._) a brewing of ale. [Ety. unknown.]

BUMP, bump, _v.i._ to make a heavy or loud noise.--_v.t._ to strike with a dull sound: to strike against: to overtake and impinge upon the stern or side of a boat by the boat following, the bumper consequently taking the place of the bumped in rank--also 'to make a bump:' to spread out material in printing so as to fill any desired number of pages.--_n._ a dull heavy blow: a thump: a lump caused by a blow, one of the protuberances on the surface of the skull confidently associated by phrenologists with certain distinct qualities or propensities of the mind, hence colloquially for organ: the noise of the bittern.--_n._ BUMP'ER, a cup or glass filled to the brim for drinking a toast: anything large or generous in measure: a crowded house at a theatre or concert.--_adj._ as in a 'bumper house.'--_v.i._ to drink bumpers.--_n._ BUMPOL'OGY, phrenology.--_adj._ BUMP'Y. [Onomatopoeic.]

BUMPKIN, bump'kin, _n._ an awkward, clumsy rustic: a clown.--_adj._ BUMP'KINISH. [Prob. Dut. _boomken_, a log.]

BUMPTIOUS, bump'shus, _adj._ offensively self-assertive.--_adv._ BUMP'TIOUSLY.--_n._ BUMP'TIOUSNESS. [Prob. formed from BUMP.]

BUN, bun, _n._ a kind of sweet cake. [Prob. from O. Fr. _bugne_, a swelling.]

BUN, bun, _n._ a dry stalk: a hare's scut: a rabbit. [Prob. Gael. _bun_, a root.]

BUNCE, buns, _n._ (_slang_) extra gain--used as an interjection.

BUNCH, bunsh, _n._ a number of things tied together or growing together: a definite quantity fastened together, as of linen yarn (180,000 yards), &c.: a cluster: something in the form of a tuft or knot.--_v.i._ to swell out in a bunch.--_v.t._ to make a bunch of, to concentrate.--_adjs._ BUNCH'-BACKED (_Shak._), having a bunch on the back, crook-backed; BUNCHED, humped, protuberant.--_ns._ BUNCH'-GRASS, a name applied to several West American grasses, growing in clumps; BUNCH'INESS, the quality of being bunchy: state of growing in bunches.--_adj._ BUNCH'Y, growing in bunches or like a bunch, bulging.--BUNCH OF FIVES, the fist with the five fingers clenched. [Ety. obscure.]

BUNCOMBE. See BUNKUM.

BUNDESRATH, b[=oo]n'des-r[:a]t, _n._ the Federal Council of the German Empire, its members annually appointed by the governments of the various states.

BUNDLE, bun'dl, _n._ a number of things loosely bound together: an aggregation of one or more kinds of tissue traversing other tissues: a definite measure or quantity, as two reams of paper, twenty hanks of linen yarn, &c.--_v.t._ to bind or tie into bundles.--_v.i._ to pack up one's things for a journey, to go hurriedly or in confusion (with _away_, _off_, _out_).--_n._ BUN'DLING, an old custom in Wales, New England, and elsewhere for sweethearts to sleep on the same bed without undressing.--TO BUNDLE OFF, BUNDLE OUT, to send away unceremoniously or summarily. [Conn. with BIND and BOND.]

BUNG, bung, _n._ the stopper of the hole in a barrel: a large cork: (_Shak._) a sharper.--_v.t._ to stop up with a bung: to thrash severely.--_ns._ BUNG'-HOLE, a hole in a cask through which it is filled, closed by a bung; BUNG'-VENT, a small hole in a bung to let gasses escape, &c.--BUNG UP, to bruise. [Ety. dub.]

BUNGALOW, bung'ga-l[=o], _n._ the kind of house usually occupied by Europeans in the interior of India, and commonly provided for officers' quarters in cantonments.--D[^A]K-BUNGALOWS are houses for travellers. [Hind. _bangl[=a]_, Bengalese.]

BUNGLE, bung'l, _n._ anything clumsily done: a gross blunder.--_v.i._ to

## act in a clumsy, awkward manner.--_v.t._ to make or mend clumsily: to

manage awkwardly.--_p.adj._ BUNG'LED, done clumsily.--_n._ BUNG'LER.--_p.adj._ BUNG'LING, clumsy, awkward: unskilfully or ill done.--_adv._ BUNG'LINGLY. [Ety. obscure; prob. onomatopoeic; Prof. Skeat quotes a dial. Sw. _bangla_, to work ineffectually; Mr F. Hindes Groome suggests Gipsy _bongo_, left, awkward.]

BUNION, bun'yun, _n._ a lump or inflamed swelling on the ball of the great toe. [Ety. unknown; Prof. Skeat suggests It. _bugnone_, a botch.]

BUNK, bungk, _n._ a box or recess in a ship's cabin, a sleeping-berth anywhere.--_v.i._ to occupy the same bunk, sleep together.--_n._ BUNK'ER, a large bin or chest used for stowing various things, as coals, &c.: a hazard in a golf-links, originally confined to sand-pits, but now often used for hazards generally. [Prob. of Scand. origin; cf. Ice. _bunki_, Dan. _bunke_, a heap.]

BUNKO, BUNCO, bung'k[=o], _n._ (_U.S._) a form of confidence-trick by which a simple fellow is swindled or taken somewhere and robbed.--_v.t._ to rob or swindle in such a way.--_n._ BUNK'O-STEER'ER, that one of the swindling confederates who allures the victim.

BUNKUM, bung'kum, _n._ empty clap-trap oratory, bombastic speechmaking intended for the newspapers rather than to persuade the audience.--Also BUN'COMBE. [From _Buncombe_, the name of a county in North Carolina. Bartlett quotes a story of how its member once went on talking in congress, explaining apologetically to the few hearers that remained that he was 'only talking for Buncombe.']

BUNNY, bun'i, _n._ a pet name for a rabbit. [Ety. unknown; prob. conn. with Gael. _bun_, a root.]

BUNODONT, b[=u]'n[=o]-dont, _adj._ having tuberculate molars--opp. to _Lophodont_. [Gr. _bounos_, a rounded hill, _odous_, _odontos_, a tooth.]

BUNSEN, b[=oo]n'sen, or bun'sen, _adj._ applied to some of the inventions of the great chemist, R. W. _Bunsen_ of Heidelberg.--_n._ BUN'SEN-BURN'ER, a gas-burner in which a plentiful supply of air is caused to mingle with the gas before ignition, so that a smokeless flame of low luminosity but great heating power is the result.

BUNT, bunt, _n._ a parasitic disease of wheat and other grains.--_adjs._ BUNT'ED, BUNT'Y. [Ety. unknown.]

BUNT, bunt, _n._ the bagging part of a fishing-net, a sail, &c.--_v.i._ to belly, as a sail. [Ety. unknown.]

BUNT, bunt, _v.i._ to push with the horns, butt: to spring, rear.--_n._ a push.--_n._ BUNT'ING, pushing: a boys' game, played with sticks and a small piece of wood: a strong timber, a stout prop.

BUNTER, bunt'[.e]r, _n._ a rag-picker, a low woman.

BUNTING, bunt'ing, _n._ a thin worsted stuff of which ships' colours are made. [Ety. dub.]

BUNTING, bunt'ing, _n._ a genus of birds in the Finch family nearly allied to the crossbills.

BUNTLINE, bunt'l[=i]n, _n._ a rope passing from the foot-rope of a square sail, led up to the masthead and thence on deck, to help in hauling the sail up to the yard.

BUOY, boi, _n._ a floating cask or light piece of wood fastened by a rope or chain to indicate shoals, the position of a ship's anchor, &c.--_v.t._ to fix buoys or marks: to keep afloat, bear up, or sustain: to raise the spirits.--_ns._ BUOY'AGE, a series of buoys or floating beacons to mark the course for vessels: the providing of buoys; BUOY'ANCY, capacity for floating lightly on water or in the air: specific lightness: (_fig._) lightness of spirit, cheerfulness.--_adj._ BUOY'ANT, light: cheerful.--_n._ BUOY'ANTNESS. [Dut. _boei_, buoy, fetter, through Romance forms (Norman _boie_), from Low L. _boia_, a collar of leather.]

BUPHAGA, b[=u]'f[=a]-ga, _n._ a small genus of African perching birds, nearly related to the starlings, feeding on the larvae of gadflies and the like, which they find on the backs of cattle, camels, &c.--Also _Beef-eater_ and _Ox-pecker_. [Gr., _bous_, an ox, _phagein_, to eat.]

BUPRESTIS, b[=u]-pres'tis, _n._ a genus of beetles, typical of a large family, _Buprestidae_, those occurring in warmer countries having lively colour and metallic sheen--some known as Golden Beetles. [L.,--Gr. _bouprestis_, _bous_, an ox, _pr[=e]thein_, to swell.]

BUR, BURR, bur, the prickly seed-case or head of certain plants, which sticks to clothes: any impediment or inconvenient adherent: any lump, ridge, &c., more or less sharp, a knot on a tree, knot in thread, knob at the base of a deer's horn, &c.: waste raw silk: the sweetbread or pancreas: (_Scot._) club-moss: the name for various tools and appliances, as the triangular chisel for clearing the corners of mortises, &c.: the blank driven out of a piece of sheet-metal by a punch: a partly vitrified brick.--_ns._ BUR'DOCK, a dock with a bur or prickly head; BUR'-THIS'TLE, the spear-thistle.--BUR IN THE THROAT, something seeming to stick in the throat, producing a choking sensation. [Cog. with Dan. _borre_, a bur.]

BUR, BURR, bur, _n._ the rough sound of _r_ pronounced in the throat, as in Northumberland--_v.i._ to whisper hoarsely, to murmur. [Usually associated with preceding, but perh. from the sound.]

BUR, bur, _n._ in an engraving, a slight ridge of metal raised on the edges of a line by the graver or the dry point, producing an effect like a smear, but dexterously used by some etchers, as Rembrandt, to deepen their shadows.

BURBLE, burb'l, _n._ trouble, disorder.--_v.t._ to trouble, confuse. [Scot.; prob. conn. with O. Fr. _barbouiller_, to confound.]

BURBOT, bur'bot, _n._ a fresh-water fish, like the eel, having a longish beard on its lower jaw. [Fr. _barbote_--L. _barba_, a beard.]

BURD, burd, _n._ (_obs._) for BIRD, a poetic name for a girl or lady.--_n._ BUR'DALANE, the last surviving child of a family.

BURDASH, burd'ash, _n._ a fringed sash worn round the waist by fine gentlemen in the time of Anne and George I.

BURDEN, bur'dn, _n._ a load: weight: cargo: that which is grievous, oppressive, or difficult to bear, as blame, sin, sorrow, &c.: birth.--_v.t._ to load: to oppress: to encumber.--_adjs._ BUR'DENOUS, BUR'DENSOME, heavy: oppressive.--BURDEN OF PROOF, in legal procedure, signifies the obligation to establish by evidence certain disputed facts. [A.S. _byrthen_--_beran_, to bear.]

BURDEN, bur'dn, _n._ part of a song repeated at the end of every stanza, refrain: the leading idea of anything: a load of care, sorrow, or responsibility. [Fr. _bourdon_, a humming tone in music--Low L. _burdo_, a drone or non-working bee.]

BURDEN, bur'dn, _n._ (_Spens._) a pilgrim's staff. [See BOURDON.]

BURDOCK. See BUR (1).

BUREAU, b[=u]r'[=o], _n._ a writing-table or chest of drawers: a room or office where such a table is used: a department for the transacting of public business:--_pl._ BUREAUX (b[=u]r'[=o]), BUREAUS (b[=u]r'[=o]z). [Fr. _bureau_--O. Fr. _burel_, russet cloth--L. _burrus_, red.]

BUREAUCRACY, b[=u]r[=o]'kras-i, _n._ a system of government centralised in graded series of officials, responsible only to their chiefs, and controlling every detail of public and private life.--_ns._ BUREAU'CRAT, BUREAU'CRATIST, one who advocates government by bureaucracy.--_adj._ BUREAUCRAT'IC, relating to or having the nature of a bureaucracy.--_adv._ BUREAUCRAT'ICALLY. [BUREAU, and Gr. _kratein_, to govern.]

BURETTE, b[=u]-ret', _n._ a flask-shaped vessel for holding liquids, an altar-cruet. [Fr.]

BURGAGE, bur'g[=a]j, _n._ a tenure in socage for a yearly rent: a tenure in Scotland in royal burghs under nominal service of watching. [O. Fr.]

BURGAMOT. Same as BERGAMOT.

BURGANET, bur'ga-net, _n._ a 16th-century helmet.--Also BUR'GONET. [Lit. 'Burgundian.']

BURGEE, bur'j[=e], _n._ a swallow-tailed flag or pennant: a kind of small coal for furnaces.

BURGEON, bur'jun, _n._ and _v.i._ Same as BOURGEON.

BURGH, bur'[=o], _n._ the Scotch word corresponding to the English BOROUGH.--_ns._ BURG (same as BOROUGH); BURG'AGE, a system of tenure where the king or other person is lord of an ancient borough, city, or town, by which the citizens hold their lands or tenements, for a certain annual rent; BURGESS (bur'jes), BUR'GHER, an inhabitant of a borough: a citizen or freeman: a magistrate of certain towns: one able to take the usual burgesses' oath (see ANTIBURGHER).--_adj._ BUR'GHAL, relating to a burgh.--_n._ BURG'OMASTER, the chief magistrate of a German or a Dutch borough, answering to the English term mayor.--BURGH OF BARONY, a corporation consisting of the inhabitants of a determinate tract of land within the _barony_, and municipally governed by magistrates and a council whose election is either vested in the baron superior of the district, or vested in the inhabitants themselves; BURGH OF REGALITY, a burgh of barony, spiritual or temporal, enfranchised by crown charter, with regal or exclusive criminal jurisdiction within their own territories.--PARLIAMENTARY BURGH, one like Paisley, Greenock, Leith, whose boundaries, as first fixed in 1832, were adopted for municipal purposes, with regard to which they stand practically in the same position as royal burghs; POLICE BURGH, a burgh constituted by the sheriff for purposes of improvement and police, the local authority being the police commissioners; ROYAL BURGH, a corporate body deriving its existence, constitution, and rights from a royal charter, such being either actual and express, or presumed to have existed.

BURGLAR, burg'lar, _n._ one who breaks into a house by night to steal.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to commit burglary.--_adj._ BURGL[=A]R'IOUS.--_adv._ BURGL[=A]R'IOUSLY.--_v.t._ BURG'LARISE.--_n._ BURG'LARY, breaking into a house by night to steal. [Ety. dub.]

BURGONET. See BURGANET.

BURGOO, bur'g[=oo], _n._ a dish made of boiled oatmeal seasoned with salt, butter, and sugar, used by seamen. [Derivation unknown.]

BURGRAVE, bur'gr[=a]v, _n._ the governor of a town or castle. [Ger. _burg_-_graf_.]

BURGUNDY, bur'gun-di, _n._ a generous French red wine, so called from _Burgundy_, the district where it is made.

BURIAL, ber'i-al, _n._ the act of laying a dead body in the grave: interment.--_ns._ BUR'IAL-AISLE, an aisle in a church used for burials; BUR'IAL-GROUND, BUR'IAL-PLACE, a piece of ground set apart for burying.--BURIAL SERVICE, a religious service or form of ritual accompanying a burial; BURIAL SOCIETY, an insurance society for providing the expenses of burial. [A.S. _byrgels_, a tomb. See BURY.]

BURIN, b[=u]r'in, _n._ a kind of chisel of tempered steel, used in copper engraving--the distinctive style of a master is frequently described by such expressions as a _soft_, a _graphic_, or a _brilliant_ burin.--_n._ BUR'INIST, an engraver. [Fr.; from root of BORE.]

BURKE, burk, _v.t._ to murder, esp. by stifling: hence (_fig._) to put an end to quietly. [From _Burke_, an Edinburgh Irishman (hanged 1829), who committed the crime in order to sell the bodies of his victims for dissection.]

BURL, burl, _n._ a small knot in thread, a knot in wood.--_v.t._ to pick knots, &c., from, in finishing cloth.--_ns._ BUR'LING-[=I]'RON; BUR'LING-MACHINE'.--_adj._ BUR'LY, knotty.

BURLAP, bur'lap, _n._ a coarse canvas for wrappings, &c.--usually in _pl._ [Origin unknown.]

BURLESQUE, bur-lesk', _n._ a ludicrous representation--in speaking, acting, writing, drawing--a low and rude grade of the comic, whose legitimate office is to turn to laughter pretension and affectation.--_adj._ jocular: comical.--_v.t._ to turn into burlesque: to ridicule.--_p.adj._ BURLESQUED', caricatured.--_adv._ BURLESQUE'LY. [It. _burlesco_; prob. from Low L. _burra_, a flock of wool, a trifle.]

BURLETTA, bur-let'a, _n._ a musical farce: comic opera. [It.;--dim. of _burla_, a jest.]

BURLY, bur'li, _adj._ bulky: boisterous, bluff.--_n._ BUR'LINESS. [M. E. _borlich_; prob. Old High Ger. _burl[=i]h_, high, _b[=o]r_, a height.]

BURMESE, bur'm[=e]z, _adj._ relating to _Burma_ in Farther India, or its language.--_n._ a native of Burma, or the language of Burma--also BUR'MAN.

BURN, burn, _n._ a small stream or brook: a spring or fountain. [A.S. _burna_; cog. with Dut. and Ger. _born_.]

BURN, burn, _v.t._ to consume or injure by fire.--_v.i._ to be on fire: to feel excess of heat: to be inflamed with passion:--_pa.p._ burned or burnt.--_n._ a hurt or mark caused by fire.--_ns._ BURN'ER, the part of a lamp or gas-jet from which the flame arises; BURN'ING, act of consuming by fire: conflagration: inflammation.--_adj._ very hot: scorching: ardent: excessive.--_ns._ BURN'ING-GLASS, a convex lens concentrating the sun's rays at its focus; BURN'ING-HOUSE, a kiln; BURN'ING-MIRR'OR, a concave mirror for producing heat by concentrating the sun's rays; BURN'ING-POINT, the temperature at which a volatile oil in an open vessel will take fire from a match held close to its surface; BURNT'-EAR, a kind of smut in oats, wheat, &c., caused by a microscopic fungus; BURNT'-OFF'ERING, something offered and burned upon an altar as a sacrifice--amongst the Hebrews, apparently offerings of dedication and to some extent of expiation; BURNT'-SIENN'A (see SIENNA); BURN'-THE-WIND (_Scot._), a blacksmith.--BURN A HOLE IN ONE'S POCKET, said of money, when one is eager to spend it; BURN BLUE, to burn with a bluish flame like that of brimstone; BURN DAYLIGHT (_Shak._), to waste time in superfluous actions; BURN DOWN, to burn to the ground; BURN IN, to eat into, as fire: to fix and render durable, as colours, by means of intense heat, to imprint indelibly on the mind; BURNING BUSH, the emblem of the Presbyterian churches of Scotland, with the motto, 'Nec tamen consumebatur,' adopted from Ex. iii. 2, in memory of the unconquerable courage of the Covenanters under the cruel persecutions of the 17th century; BURNING QUESTION, one being keenly discussed; BURN ONE'S BOATS, to cut one's self off, as Cortes did, from all chance of retreat, to stake everything on success; BURN ONE'S FINGERS, to suffer from interfering in others' affairs, from embarking in speculations, &c.; BURN OUT, to destroy by means of burning: to burn till the fire dies down from want of fuel; BURN THE WATER, to spear salmon by torchlight; BURN UP, to consume completely by fire: to be burned completely. [A.S.; the weak verb _boernan_, _boernde_, _boerned_, has been confused with _beornan_, _byrnan_, _barn_, _bornen_; cf. Ger. _brennen_, to burn.]

BURNET, bur'net, _n._ the English name of two closely united genera of _Rosaceae_--the Great Burnet common in meadows all over Europe; the Common Burnet growing on chalky soils, its slightly astringent leaves used in salads or soups, also as an ingredient in 'cool tankard.' [From its _brown_ flowers.]

BURNISH, burn'ish, _v.t._ to polish: to make bright by rubbing.--_n._ polish: lustre.--_ns._ BURN'ISHER, an instrument employed in burnishing; BURN'ISHING; BURN'ISHMENT.

BURNOUS, bur-n[=oo]s', _n._ a mantle with a hood much worn by the Arabs. [Fr.--Ar. _burnus_.]

BURNT, _pa.p._ of BURN (q.v.).

BURR. Same as BUR (q.v.).

BURREL, bur'el, _n._ a kind of coarse russet cloth in medieval times. [See BUREAU.]

BURRO, bur'[=o], _n._ a donkey. [Sp.]

BURROCK, bur'ok, _n._ a small weir or dam in a river, to direct the current toward fish-traps.

BURROW, bur'[=o], _n._ a hole in the ground dug by certain animals for shelter or defence.--_v.i._ to make holes underground as rabbits: to dwell in a concealed place.--_ns._ BURR'OW-DUCK, the sheldrake or bergander; BURR'OWING-OWL, a small long-legged diurnal American owl nesting in burrows; BURR'OWSTOWN (_Scot._), a town that is a burgh. [Ety. obscure; prob. a variant of Borough--A.S. _beorgan_, to protect.]

BURSA, bur'sa, _n._ a pouch or sac, esp. a synovial cavity formed where tendons pass over the harder parts of the body:--_pl._ BUR'SAE (-s[=e]).--_adj._ BUR'SAL.--_ns._ BURS[=A]'LIS, a muscle moving the nictitating membrane, as in birds; BURSAL'OGY, knowledge about the bursae. [See BURSAR.]

BURSAR, burs'ar, _n._ one who keeps the purse, a treasurer: in Scotland, a student maintained at a university by funds derived from endowment.--_adj._ BURSAR'IAL.--_ns._ BURS'ARSHIP, the office of a bursar; BURS'ARY, in Scotland, the allowance paid to a bursar; BURSE, a purse, an obsolete form of BOURSE.--_adjs._ BURSIC'ULATE, bursiform: resembling a small pouch, or provided with such; BURS'IFORM, pouch-shaped. [Low L. _bursarius_--_bursa_, a purse--Gr. _byrsa_, skin or leather.]

BURSCH, b[=oo]rsh, _n._ a German student:--_pl._ BURSCH'EN.--_n._ BURSCH'ENISM. [Ger. _bursch_, a companion, student.]

BURST, burst, _v.t._ to break into pieces: to break open suddenly or by violence: to disturb, interrupt.--_v.i._ to fly open or break in pieces: to break forth or away: to break into some sudden expression of feeling--e.g. 'to burst into song:'--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ burst.--_n._ a sudden outbreak: a hard gallop: a spurt: a drunken bout.--BURST IN, to force one's way violently into; BURST INTO BLOSSOM, to begin to blossom; BURST INTO TEARS, to fall a-crying; BURST OUT, to force one's way out violently; BURST UP (_coll._), to explode: to fail, become bankrupt.--A BURST UP, a collapse, failure.--ON THE BURST, on the spree. [A.S. _berstan_; Ger. _bersten_; Gael. _brisd_, to break.]

BURSTEN, bur'stn, _obs. pa.p._ of BURST.

BURTHEN, bur'thn, _n._ and _v.t._ For BURDEN.

BURTON, bur'ton, _n._ a tackle variously used.

BURY, ber'i, _v.t._ to hide in the ground: to cover: to place in the grave, as a dead body: to hide or blot out of remembrance:--_pr.p._ bur'ying; _pa.p._ bur'ied.--_ns._ BUR'YING-GROUND, BUR'YING-PLACE, ground set apart for burying the dead: a graveyard.--BURY THE HATCHET, to cease strife. [A.S. _byrgan_, to bury; Ger. _bergen_, to hide.]

BURY, ber'i, _n._ a delicate pear of several varieties.--Also BURR'EL, BURR'EL-PEAR. [Cf. the Fr. _beurr['e]_, as in '_Beurr['e]_ d'Angoul[^e]me.']

BUS, BUSS, bus, _n._ Short for OMNIBUS.

BUSBY, bus'bi, _n._ a fur hat with short bag hanging down from the top on its right side, of the same colour as the facings of the regiment, worn by hussars, and, in the British army, by horse artillerymen also. [Prob. Hung.]

BUSCON, bus'kon, _n._ (_U.S._) a miner paid by a percentage of the ore he raises. [Sp.]

BUSH, boosh, _n._ a shrub thick with branches: anything of bushy tuft-like shape: any wild uncultivated country, esp. at the Cape or in Australia: a bunch of ivy hung up as a tavern sign, a tavern itself--'Good wine needs no bush.'--_v.i._ to grow thick or bushy.--_v.t._ to set bushes about, support with bushes: to cover seeds by means of the bush-harrow.--_n._ BUSH'-CAT, the serval.--_adj._ BUSHED, lost in the bush.--_ns._ BUSH'-HARR'OW, a light kind of harrow used for covering grass-seeds, formed of a barred frame interwoven with bushes or branches; BUSH'INESS; BUSH'MAN, a settler in the uncleared land of America or the Colonies, a woodsman: one of a native race in South Africa (Dut. _boschjesman_); BUSH'-RANG'ER, in Australia, a lawless fellow, often an escaped criminal, who takes to the bush and lives by robbery; BUSH'-SHRIKE, a tropical American ant-thrush; BUSH'TIT, a small long-tailed titmouse of West America, building a large hanging-nest.--_v.i._ BUSH'-WHACK, to range through the bush: to fight in guerilla warfare.--_ns_. BUSH'-WHACK'ER, a guerilla fighter: a country lout: a short heavy scythe for cutting bushes; BUSH'-WHACK'ING, the habits or practice of bush-whackers: the process of forcing a way for a boat by pulling at the bushes overhanging a stream.--_adj._ BUSH'Y, full of bushes: thick and spreading.--BEAT ABOUT THE BUSH, to go round about anything, to evade coming to the point. [M. E. _busk_, _busch_; from a Teut. root found in Ger. _busch_, Low L. _boscus_, Fr. _bois_.]

BUSH, boosh, _n._ the metal box or lining of any cylinder in which an axle works.--_v.t._ to furnish with a bush.--_n._ BUSH'-MET'AL, hard brass, gun-metal, a composition of copper and tin, used for journals, bearings, &c. [Dut. _bus_--L. _buxus_, the box-tree.]

BUSHEL, boosh'el, _n._ a dry measure of 8 gallons, for measuring grain, fruit, &c. [O. Fr. _boissiel_, from the root of BOX.]

BUSHEL, boosh'el, _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_U.S._) to mend or alter, as men's clothes.--_ns._ BUSH'ELLER; BUSH'ELLING; BUSH'EL-WOM'AN.

BUSINESS, biz'nes, _n._ employment: engagment: trade, profession, or occupation: one's concerns or affairs: a matter or affair: (_theat._)

## action as distinguished from dialogue.--_adj._ BUS'INESS-LIKE, methodical,

systematic, practical.--DO THE BUSINESS FOR, to settle, make an end of: to ruin.--GENTEEL BUSINESS (_theat._), such parts as require good dressing.--MAKE IT ONE'S BUSINESS, to undertake to accomplish something or see it done; MEAN BUSINESS, to be in earnest; MIND ONE'S OWN BUSINESS, to confine one's self to one's own affairs.--SEND ABOUT ONE'S BUSINESS, to dismiss promptly.

BUSK, busk, _v.t._ or _v.i._ to prepare: to dress one's self. [Ice. _b['u]a_, to prepare, and _-sk_, contr. of _sik_, the recip. pron.--_self_.]