Part 38

CALX, kalks, _n._ chalk or lime: the substance of a metal or mineral which remains after being subjected to violent heat:--_pl._ CALXES (kalk's[=e]z), or CALCES (kal's[=e]z). [L. _calx_, lime.]

CALYCANTHUS, kal-i-kan'thus, _n._ a small order of square-stemmed aromatic shrubs, natives of North America and Japan. [Made up of CALYX and Gr. _anthos_.]

CALYPTRA, ka-lip'tra, _n._ a hood, covering, esp. that of the theca or capsule of mosses.--_adjs._ CALYP'TRATE, furnished with such; CALYP'TRIFORM, CALYPTRIMOR'PHOUS, having the form of a calyptra.--_n._ CALYP'TROGEN, the root-cap. [Gr., a veil.]

CALYX, CALIX, kal'iks, or k[=a]'liks, _n._ the outer covering or cup of a flower, its separate leaves termed sepals:--_pl._ CALYCES, or CALYXES.--_adjs._ CAL'YCATE, having a calyx; CALYC[=I]F'EROUS, bearing the calyx; CALYCIFL[=O]'RAL, CALYCIFL[=O]'RATE, CALYCIFL[=O]'ROUS, having the petals and stamens borne upon the calyx; CALYC'IFORM, having the form of a calyx; CAL'YCINE, CALYC'INAL, pertaining to a calyx.--_n._ CAL'YCLE, an accessory calyx outside the true one.--_adjs._ CAL'YCLED, having a calycle; CAL'YCOID, CALYCOI'DEOUS, like a calyx. [L.,--Gr. _kalyx_--_kalyptein_, to cover.]

CAM, kam, _n._ (_mech._) a device for changing a regular rotary motion into a reciprocating motion, various forms of which are the cam-wheel and shaft, the heart-wheel, the wiper-wheel, and the eccentric. [Dut. _kam_.]

CAMAIEU, kam'[=i]-[=u], _n._ a cameo: a painting in monochrome, or in simple colours not imitating nature: a style of printing pictures producing the effect of a pencil-drawing.--Also CAM'AYEU. [Fr. See CAMEO.]

CAMARADERIE, kam-a-rad-r[=e]', _n._ good-fellowship: the intimacy of comradeship. [Fr.]

CAMARILLA, kam-ar-il'a, _n._ a body of secret intriguers, esp. of a court party against a king's legitimate ministers: a small room. [Sp. dim. of _camara_, a chamber.]

CAMASS, ka-mas', _n._ a small plant growing in the north-western United States, also its nutritious bulb.--_ns._ CAMASS'IA, a genus of liliaceous plants nearly related to the European _Scilla_; CAMASS'-RAT, a small gopher rodent which devours the bulbs of the camass.

CAMBER, kam'b[.e]r, _n._ a convexity upon an upper surface, as of a deck amidships, a bridge, or lintel: the curve of a ship's plank: a small dock in the royal yards where timber is loaded and discharged.--_v.t._ to curve ship-planks, to arch slightly. [Fr.--L. _camer[=a]re_, to vault.]

CAMBIST, kam'bist, _n._ one skilled in the science of exchange.--_ns._ CAM'BISM, CAM'BISTRY. [It--L. _camb[=i]re_, to exchange.]

CAMBERWELL BEAUTY, kam'ber-wel b[=u]'ti, _n._ (_Vanessa antiopa_) a fancy name for one of the largest and most beautiful of British butterflies.

CAMBIUM, kam'bi-um, _n._ a layer of vascular tissue formed between the wood and the bark of exogens, in which the annual growth is formed. [Low L.--_cambium_--L. _camb[=i]re_, to change.]

CAMBOGE, obsolete form of GAMBOGE.

CAMBREL, kam'brel, _n._ a bent piece of wood or iron on which butchers hang the carcasses of animals: the hock of a horse. [Prob. conn. with CAMBER.]

CAMBRIAN, kam'bri-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Cambria_ or Wales: Welsh: the name given by Sedgwick in 1836 to a group or series of sedimentary deposits which come next in order to the Archaean System.--_n._ an inhabitant of Cambria, or Wales. [Formed from _Cymry_, Welshmen, or _Cymru_, Wales.]

CAMBRIC, k[=a]m'brik, _n._ a kind of fine white linen, originally manufactured at _Cambrai_ in the French department of Nord.

CAMBUCA, kam-b[=u]'ka, _n._ a pastoral staff: a curved stick used in the game of pall-mall.--Also CAMBUT'TA. [Low L., of Celt. origin.]

CAME, k[=a]m, did come _pa.t._ of COME.

CAMEL, kam'el, _n._ an animal of Asia and Africa with one or two humps on its back, used as a beast of burden and for riding.--_adj._ CAM'EL-BACKED, hump-backed.--_ns._ CAM'ELEER, one who drives or rides a camel; CAM'ELINE, camlet.--_adj._ CAM'ELISH, like a camel, obstinate.--_n._ CAM'ELRY, troops mounted on camels.--CAMEL'S HAIR, the hair of the camel: the hair of the squirrel's tail used for paint-brushes; CAMEL'S THORN, a shrub of the bean family which camels eat greedily. [L. _camelus_--Gr. _kam[=e]los_--Heb. _g[=a]m[=a]l_.]

CAMELEON. See CHAMELEON.

CAMELLIA, ka-mel'ya, _n._ a species of evergreen shrubs, natives of China and Japan, noted for the singular beauty of their flowers. [Named from Kamel, Latinised _Camellus_, a Moravian Jesuit, who collected plants in the Philippine Islands in 1639.]

CAMELOPARD, kam'el-[=o]-p[:a]rd, or kam-el'[=o]-p[:a]rd, _n._ the giraffe. [L.,--Gr. _cam[=e]lopardalis_; from Gr. _kam[=e]los_, the camel, and _pardalis_, the panther.]

CAMELOT, kam'lot, _n._ Same as CAMLET.

CAMEO, kam'[=e]-[=o], _n._ an engraved gem in which the figure or subject is carved in relief. [It. _camm['e]o_ (Fr. _cam['e]e_)--Low L. _cammaeus_ traced by Littr['e] to Gr. _kamnein_, to work; by the late Mr C. W. King through an Ar. form, 'an amulet,' from Pers. _camahen_, loadstone, the usual material for Babylonian cylinders.]

CAMERA, kam'[.e]r-a, _n._ the variety of camera-obscura used by photographers.--_ns._ CAM'ERA-L[=U]'CIDA, an instrument by which the rays of light from an object are reflected by a specially shaped prism, forming an image on the paper underneath; CAM'ERA-OBSC[=U]'RA, an instrument for throwing the images of external objects on a white surface placed within a dark chamber or box. [L.]

CAMERA, kam'[.e]r-a, _n._ a vaulted room: the judge's private chamber (IN CAMERA, of a case heard there rather than in public court).--_adj._ CAM'ER[=A]TED, divided into chambers: arched or vaulted.

CAMERONIAN, kam-er-[=o]n'i-an, _n._ a follower of the Covenanter Richard _Cameron_, killed at Airds Moss in 1680, a member of the Reformed Presbyterian Church.--_adj._ pertaining to this party, or to the famous Cameronian regiment (26th Foot, now the First Battalion of Scottish Rifles) in the British army, which had its origin in a body of Cameronians (1689).

CAMIS, kam'is, _n._ (_Spens._) a loose robe made of some light material, as silk, &c.: a chemise. [See CHEMISE.]

CAMISADE, kam-i-s[=a]d', _n._ a night attack, probably because shirts were often put on over the armour.--Also CAMISAD'O. [Sp., from _camisa_, a shirt.]

CAMISARDS, kam'is-ar, _n.pl._ the insurgent Huguenots of the Cevennes, so called from the _camise_ or blouse worn by the peasants.

CAMISE, kam'[=e]s, _n._ the usual Arab shirt.--Also CAM'ISO, CAM'ESE.

CAMISOLE, kam'is-[=o]l, _n._ a sleeved jacket, a woman's loose morning gown or jacket.

CAMLET, kam'let, _n._ a cloth originally made of camel's hair, but now chiefly of wool and goat's hair. [Fr.--Low L. _camelotum_--L. _camelus_.]

CAMOMILE, CHAMOMILE, kam'o-m[=i]l, _n._ a plant, or its dried flowers, used in medicine, affording a bitter stomachic and tonic. [Fr.--L.--Gr. _chamaim[=e]lon_, the earth-apple, from the apple-like smell of its blossoms--_chamai_, on the ground, _m[=e]lon_, an apple.]

CAMORRA, kam-or'a, _n._ the name of a secret society in the former kingdom of Naples, whose members, the _Camorristi_, for many years terrorised the country.--_ns._ CAMORR'ISM; CAMORR'IST. [It.]

CAMP, kamp, _n._ the ground on which an army pitch their tents: the tents of an army, quarters generally, a permanent military station, as at Aldershot: any fortified site in which a force once defended itself, as a Roman or British camp: any temporary quarters for travellers, &c.--_v.i._ to encamp or pitch tents.--_ns._ CAMP'-FOLL'OWER, any one who follows in the train of an army, but takes no part in battle; CAMP'MEET'ING, a religious gathering held in the open air or in a temporary encampment in the fields; CAMP'-SHED'DING, -SHEET'ING, -SHOT, an erection of piles, &c., along the bank of a river or an embankment, for strengthening; CAMP'-STOOL, or -BED'STEAD, a portable folding-stool, a trestle-bed. [Fr. _camp_, a camp--L. _campus_, a plain.]

CAMP, kamp, _n._ (_obs._) conflict: an old form of the game of football.--_v.i._ to fight, struggle.--_v.i._ CAM'PLE, to wrangle. [A.S. _camp_, battle; cf. Ger. _kampf_.]

CAMPAGNOL, kam-pa-nyol', _n._ a French name for several species of field-mice or voles.

CAMPAIGN, kam-p[=a]n', _n._ a large open field or plain: the time during which an army keeps the field: an excursion into the country: an organised series of operations in the advocacy of a political or social cause.--_v.i._ to serve in a campaign.--_ns._ CAMPAGN'A, once equivalent to _champaign_, now used only of the Campagna, an undulating, mostly uncultivated and unhealthy plain around Rome; CAMPAIGN'ER, one who has served in several campaigns. [Fr. _campagne_--L. _campania_--_campus_, a field.]

CAMPANERO, kam-pa-n[=e]'ro, _n._ one of the South American bell-birds, the arapunga, &c. [Sp., a bellman.]

CAMPANILE, kam-pan-[=e]'l[=a] (sometimes also kam-pan-[=e]l', and even kam'pan-il and kam'pan-[=i]l), _n._ a name adopted from the Italian to signify a bell-tower of the larger kind, and usually applied only to such as are detached from the church: (_pl._ usually CAMPANILES, but sometimes the It. CAMPANILI). [It., from _campana_, a bell.]

CAMPANOLOGY, kam-pan-ol'o-ji, _n._ the subject or science of bells or bell-ringing.--_ns._ CAM'PANIST, CAMPANOL'OGIST, one skilled in the same.--_adj._ CAMPANOLOG'ICAL. [It. _campana_, a bell, and Gr. _logos_, a discourse.]

CAMPANULA, kam-pan'[=u]-la, _n._ a genus of flowers, commonly known as bell-flowers or bells, usually blue or white, the best-known species the harebell and Scotch bluebell.--The _Canterbury Bells_ is a biennial species--seen in many florists' varieties.--_adjs._ CAMPAN'IFORM, CAMPAN'ULATE, CAMPAN'ULAR.--_n._ CAMPANUL[=A]'RIA, a common genus of Hydroids, with stems simple or branched, the nutritive polyps surrounded by transparent bell-shaped sheaths. [It. _campana_, a bell.]

CAMPBELLITE, kam'bel-[=i]t, _n._ a follower of Alexander _Campbell_ (1788-1866), founder of the sect known as the 'Disciples of Christ.'

CAMPEACHY, kam'p[=e]ch-i, _adj._ pertaining to the red dye-wood better known as Logwood, first exported from _Campeachy_ in Yucatan.

CAMPEADOR, kam-pe-a-d[=o]r', _n._ a warrior. [Sp.]

CAMPESTRAL, kam-pes'tral, _adj._ growing in or pertaining to fields.--Also CAMPES'TRIAN. [L. _campestris_, from _campus_.]

CAMPHINE, kam'f[=i]n, _n._ rectified oil of turpentine.--Also CAM'PHENE.

CAMPHOR, kam'for, _n._ a solid essential oil, mostly obtained from the camphor laurel of India, China, and Japan, having a peculiar hot aromatic taste and a pleasant smell.--_adj._ CAMPHOR[=A]'CEOUS, like camphor.--_v.t._ CAM'PHORATE, to impregnate with camphor.--_adjs._ CAM'PHORATE, CAMPHOR'IC, pertaining to camphor. [Fr. _camphre_--Low L. _camphora_--Malay _kapur_, chalk.]

CAMPION, kam'pi-un, _n._ the common name of plants belonging to the genera Lychnis and Silene. [Perh. from L. _campus_, a field.]

CAMPO SANTO, kam'po sant'o, _n._ the Italian name for a cemetery or burying-ground, esp. for one enclosed by an arcade. [Lit. 'holy ground,' the earth of that at Pisa having been brought from Palestine.]

CAMPYLOSPERMOUS, kam-pi-l[=o]-sper'mus, _adj._ (_bot._) having the albumen of the seed curved at the margin so as to form a longitudinal furrow on the ventral face. [Gr. _kampylos_, curved, _sperma_, a seed.]

CAMPYLOTROPAL, kam-pi-lot'r[=o]-pal, _adj._ (_bot._) curved so as to bring the true apex close to the base--of an ovule or seed.--Also CAMPYLOT'ROPOUS. [Gr. _kampylos_, curved, _trepein_, to turn.]

CAMSTAIRY, kam-st[=a]r'i, _adj._ perverse, unruly. [Ety. dub.; first part at any rate _cam_, crooked.]

CAMSTONE, kam'st[=o]n, _n._ a kind of clay used to whiten doorsteps, &c.

CAM-WOOD, kam'-wood, _n._ a dye-wood obtained from _Baphia nitida_, a leguminous tree, a native of Angola. It is at first white, but turns red on exposure to air. [Perh. from African name _kambi_.]

CAN, kan, _v.i._ to be able: to have sufficient power:--_pa.t._ COULD.--CAN is used for _gan_ in M. E. and even in Spenser. [A.S. _cunnan_, to know (how to do a thing), to be able, pres. indic. _can_; Goth. _kunnan_, Ger. _k[:o]nnen_, to be able. See KNOW.]

CAN, kan, _n._ a vessel for holding or carrying liquids, generally of tinned iron, with a handle over the top: a chimney-pot: a vessel of tin-plate in which meat, fruit, &c. are hermetically sealed for exporting--in England usually called a _tin_: a drinking-mug.--_v.t._ to put up for preservation in cans.--_n.pl._ CANNED'-GOODS, meat, fruit, &c. so prepared for preservation.--_n._ CAN'NERY, a place where meat, fish, fruit, &c. are canned. [A.S. _canne_; cf. L. _canna_, a reed, Gr. _kann[=e]_, a reed.]

CANAANITE, k[=a]'nan-[=i]t, _n._ a descendant of _Canaan_, the son of Ham: a native of the land of Canaan.--_adj._ C[=A]'NAANITISH.

CANADA, kan'ya-da, _n._ a narrow canon. [Sp.]

CANADIAN, ka-n[=a]'di-an, _adj._ and _n._ pertaining to _Canada_: a native of Canada.--CANADA BALSAM (see BALSAM).

CANAIGRE, ka-n[=a]'ger, _n._ a Texan dock whose root is used in tanning,

CANAILLE, ka-n[=a]l', _n._ the mob, the vulgar rabble. [Fr., a dog--L. _canis_.]

CANAKIN. See CANNIKIN.

CANAL, kan-al', _n._ an artificial watercourse for navigation: a duct in the body for any of its fluids.--_n._ CANAL'-BOAT, a boat for canal traffic.--_adjs._ CANALIC'ULAR, canal-shaped; CANALIC'ULATE, -D, channelled, grooved.--_ns._ CANALIC'ULUS (_anat._), a small furrow or channel; CANALIS[=A]'TION, the construction of canals.--_v.t._ CANAL'ISE, to make a canal through: to convert into a canal. [L. _canalis_, a water-pipe.]

CANARD, ka-n[:a]r', or ka-n[:a]rd', _n._ an extravagant or lying story. [Fr., lit. 'duck.']

CANARY, ka-n[=a]'ri, _n._ a light sweet wine from the _Canary_ Islands: a bird originally from the Canary Islands: a lively dance.--_adj._ canary-coloured, bright yellow.--_ns._ CAN[=A]'RY-BIRD, a canary: (_slang_) a jail-bird: a mistress; CAN[=A]'RY-GRASS, a grass of which the seed is much used as food for canary-birds; CAN[=A]'RY-WOOD, the dark-coloured timber of two lauraceous trees of the Azores and Madeira.

CANARESE, kan-a-r[=e]z', _adj._ pertaining to _Canara_ in western India.--_n._ a native thereof: the language of the Dravidian group, allied to Telegu.--Also KANARESE'.

CANASTER, ka-nas't[.e]r, _n._ a kind of tobacco, so called from the rush basket in which it was originally brought from Spanish America. [Sp. _canastra_--L.--Gr. _kanastron_.]

CAN-CAN, kan-kan, _n._ a dance in some public balls at Paris and elsewhere, characterised by immodest gestures and postures. [Usually referred to L. _quamquam_, the pronunciation of which was long hotly disputed in the French schools; Littr['e] quotes an O. Fr. _caquehan_, a noisy assembly.]

CANCEL, kan'sel, _v.t._ to erase or blot out by crossing with lines: to annul or suppress, as a printed page, &c.: to obliterate: to frustrate: to counterbalance or compensate for: to remove equivalent quantities on opposite sides of an equation:--_pr.p._ can'celling; _pa.p._ can'celled.--_n._ the suppression of a printed page or sheet, the page so cancelled, or the new one substituted. [Fr. _canceller_--L. _cancell-[=a]re_, from _cancelli_, railings, lattice-work, dim. of _cancer_.]

CANCELLI, kan-sel'[=i], _n.pl._ cross-pieces forming a lattice-work or grating, as in the division between the choir and the body of a church: (_anat._) reticulations.--_adjs._ CAN'CELLATE, -D, marked latticewise, reticulated.--_n._ CANCELL[=A]'TION.--_adj._ CAN'CELLOUS. [L., a lattice.]

CANCER, kan's[.e]r, _n._ the name for an important group of malignant tumours, divided into two groups, _Carcinomata_ and _Sarcomata_, the name being now strictly used only of the former: a constellation between Gemini and Leo, and a sign of the zodiac showing the limits of the sun's course northward in summer: the typical genus of the family _Cancridae_--_v.i._ CANCER'ATE, to become cancerous.--_ns._ CANCER[=A]'TION; CAN'CERITE, a petrified crab.--_adj._ CAN'CEROUS, of or like a cancer.--_adv._ CAN'CEROUSLY.--_n._ CAN'CEROUSNESS.--_adjs._ CAN'CRIFORM, CAN'CROID, crab-like. [L. _cancer_; cog. with Gr. _karkinos_, a crab.]

CANCIONERO, kan-th[=e]-on-[=e]'ro, _n._ a collection of songs. [Sp.]

CANDELABRUM, kan-de-l[=a]'brum, _n._ a branched and ornamented candlestick:--_pl._ CANDEL[=A]'BRA. [L.]

CANDENT, kan'dent, _adj._ making white: glowing with heat.

CANDESCENCE, kan-des'ens, _n._ a white heat.--_adj._ CANDES'CENT. [L. _candesc-[)e]re_, inceptive of _cand-[=e]re_, to glow.]

CANDID, kan'did, _adj._ frank, ingenuous: free from prejudice: fair, impartial.--_adv._ CAN'DIDLY.--_n._ CAN'DIDNESS. [Fr. _candide_--L. _candidus_, white--_cand-[=e]re_, to shine.]

CANDIDATE, kan'di-d[=a]t, _n._ one who offers himself for any office or honour, so called because, at Rome, the applicant used to dress in white.--_ns._ CAN'DIDATURE, CAN'DIDATESHIP, CAN'DIDACY. [L. _candidatus_, from _candidus_.]

CANDIED. See CANDY.

CANDLE, kan'dl, _n._ wax, tallow, or other like substance surrounding a wick: a light.--_ns._ CAN'DLE-BERR'Y, the wax-myrtle, also its fruit: the fruit of _Aleurites triloba_, the candle-berry tree; CAN'DLE-BOMB, a small glass bomb filled with water, exploding on being held in a candle-flame; CAN'DLE-COAL (same as CANNEL-COAL); CAN'DLE-DIP'PING, the method of making candles by dipping instead of moulding; CAN'DLE-END, the end-piece of a burnt-out candle; CAN'DLE-FISH, the eulachon, a deep-sea fish of the smelt family found along the north-west coast of America, producing eulachon oil: another West American fish, resembling a pollock--the _black candle-fish_ or _horse-mackerel_; CAN'DLE-HOLD'ER, one who holds a candle to another while working--hence one who renders another slight assistance, or humours him; CAN'DLE-LIGHT, the light of a candle, illumination by means of candles: the time when candles are lighted; CAN'DLE-LIGHT'ER, one whose business is to light the candles: a spill; CAN'DLE-POW'ER, the illuminating power of a standard sperm candle--a unit of luminosity; CAN'DLESTICK, an instrument for holding a candle, originally a stick or piece of wood; CAN'DLE-WAST'ER, one who studies late; CAN'DLE-WOOD, the wood of various West Indian and Mexican resinous trees.--BURN THE CANDLE AT BOTH ENDS, to waste in two directions at once.--NOT FIT TO HOLD A CANDLE TO, not fit even to be some one's inferior, not to be compared with.--SELL BY THE CANDLE, to offer for sale as long as a small piece of candle burns, the bid made just before it goes out being successful.--THE GAME IS NOT WORTH THE CANDLE, the thing is not worth the labour or expense of it. [A.S. _candel_--L. _candela_, from _cand-[=e]re_, to glow.]

CANDLEMAS, kan'dl-mas, _n._ a festival of the R.C. Church in honour of the purification of the Virgin Mary, on 2d February, and so called from the number of candles used. [CANDLE and MASS.]

CANDOCK, kan'dok, _n._ the yellow water-lily. [CAN (n.) and DOCK.]

CANDOUR, kan'dur, _n._ freedom from prejudice or disguise: sincerity: justice: openness. [L. _candor_, whiteness, from _cand[=e]re_, to be shining.]

CANDY, kan'di, SUGAR-CANDY, shoog'ar-kan'di, _n._ a sweetmeat made of sugar: anything preserved in sugar.--_v.t._ to preserve or dress with sugar: to congeal or crystallise as sugar.--_v.i._ to become congealed.--_p.adj._ CAN'DIED, encrusted with candy or sugar: (_fig._) sugared, flattering. [Fr. _candi_, from Ar. _qandah_, candy.]

CANDY, kan'di, _n._ a South Indian weight, generally containing 20 maunds, about 500 pounds English.--Also CAN'DIE and KAN'DY. [Tamil.]

CANE, k[=a]n, _n._ the stem of one of the smaller palms--the calamus or rattan, or the larger grasses--bamboo and sugar-cane: a walking-stick.--_v.t._ to beat with a cane.--_ns._ CANE'-BRAKE, a brake or thicket of canes; CANE'-CHAIR, a chair made of rattan; CANE'-MILL, a mill for bruising sugar-canes for the manufacture of sugar; CANE'-S[=U]'GAR, sugar obtained from the sugar-cane; CANE'-TRASH, refuse of sugar-cane used for fuel in boiling the juice; C[=A]N'ING, a thrashing with a cane.--_adj._ C[=A]N'Y, made of cane.--MALACCA CANE, a walking-cane made without removing the bark from the brown-mottled or clouded stem of the palm, _Calamus Scipionum_, brought from Singapore or Sumatra. [Fr. _canne_--L. _canna_--Gr. _kann[=e]_, a reed.]

CANELLA, kan-el'a, _n._ a genus of low aromatic trees, one species the whitewood of wild cinnamon of the West Indies, yielding _canella_ or white cinnamon bark.

CANEPHOR, kan'e-f[=o]r, _n._ (_archit._) a female figure bearing a basket on her head. [Gr. _kan[=e]phoros_, one of the bearers upon their heads at the Panathenaic festival of the baskets containing the sacrificial implements.]

CANESCENT, ka-nes'ent, _adj._ tending to white: hoary. [L. _canescens_--_can[=e]re_--_canus_, hoary.]

CANGUE, CANG, kang, _n._ a Chinese portable pillory borne on the shoulders by petty offenders. [Fr. _cangue_--Port. _cango_, a yoke.]

CANICULAR, ka-nik'[=u]-lar, _adj._ pertaining to the Dog-star (CANIC'ULA) or to the Dog-days: (_coll._ and _hum._) pertaining to a dog. [L. _canicularis_, _canicula_, dim. of _canis_, a dog.]

CANINE, ka-n[=i]n', _adj._ like or pertaining to the dog.--CANINE APPETITE, an inordinate appetite; CANINE LETTER = R; CANINE TEETH, the four sharp-pointed tearing teeth in most mammals, one on each side of the upper and lower jaw, between the incisors or cutting teeth and the molars or grinders. [L. _caninus_, _canis_, a dog.]

CANISTER, kan'is-t[.e]r, _n._ a box or case, usually of tin, for holding tea, shot, &c.: short for canister-shot, or case-shot.--_n._ CAN'ISTER-SHOT (same as CASE-SHOT, q.v.). [L. _canistrum_, a wicker-basket; Gr. _kanastron_--_kann[=e]_, a reed.]

CANITIES, ka-nish'i-[=e]z, _n._ whiteness of the hair.

CANKER, kang'k[.e]r, _n._ an eating sore: a gangrene: a disease in trees, or in horses' feet: anything that corrupts, consumes, irritates, or decays.--_v.t._ to eat into, corrupt, or destroy: to infect or pollute: to make sour and ill-conditioned.--_v.i._ to grow corrupt: to decay.--_adj._ CANK'ERED, corroded: venomous, malignant: soured: crabbed.--_adv._ CANK'EREDLY.--_n._ CANK'EREDNESS.--_adj._ CANK'EROUS, corroding like a canker.--_n._ CANK'ER-WORM, a worm that cankers or eats into plants.--_adj._ CANK'ERY, affected with canker: (_Scot._) crabbed. [L. _cancer_, a crab, gangrene.]

CANNA, kan'na, _n._ a genus of reed-like plants--_Indian shot_: the upright stem of a candlestick, &c.: the tube by which the wine was taken from the chalice. [L., a reed.]

CANNA, kan'na, _n._ cotton-grass. [Gael. _c['a]nach_.]

CANNABIC, kan'a-bik, _adj._ pertaining to hemp.--_ns._ CANN'ABIN, a resin obtained from the plant _Cannabis Indica_; CANN'ABIS, a genus of urticaceous plants, yielding bhang.

CANNEL, kan'el, _n._ a bituminous coal that burns with a bright flame, and is much used for making coal oils and gas.--Also CANN'EL-COAL, CAN'DLE-COAL. [Prob. conn. with CANDLE, because of the similarity in burning.]

CANNELURE, kan'e-l[=u]r, _n._ a groove or a fluting: a groove round the cylindrical part of a bullet. [Fr.]

CANNIBAL, kan'i-bal, _n._ one who eats human flesh.--_adj._ relating to cannibalism.--_n._ CANN'IBALISM, the practice of eating human flesh.--_adj._ CANNIBALIST'IC--_adv._ CANN'IBALLY (_Shak._). [Sp., a corr. of _Caribals_ (Eng. _Caribs_), the native name of the West India Islanders, who ate human flesh.]

CANNIKIN, kan'i-kin, _n._ a small can. [Dim. of CAN.]

CANNON, kan'un, _n._ a great gun used in war: a stroke in billiards in which the player hits both the red and his opponent's ball.--_v.i._ to cannonade: to make a cannon at billiards: to collide.--_n._ CANNONADE', an attack with cannon.--_v.t._ to attack or batter with cannon.--_ns._ CANNONAD'ING; CANN'ON-BALL, a ball usually made of cast-iron, to be shot from a cannon; CANN'ON-BIT, or CANN'ON, a smooth round bit; CANN'ON-BONE, the long bone between the knee and the foot of a horse; CANNONEER', CANNONIER', one who manages cannon; CANN'ON-GAME, a form of billiards in which, the table having no pockets, the game consists in making a series of cannons; CANN'ON-MET'AL, an alloy of about 90 parts of copper and 10 of tin, from which cannon are manufactured.--_adj._ CANN'ON-PROOF, proof against cannon-shot.--_ns._ CANN'ONRY, cannonading: artillery; CANN'ON-SHOT, a cannon-ball: the distance to which a cannon will throw a ball. [Fr. _canon_, from L. _canna_, a reed.]

CANNOT, kan'ot, _v.i._ to be unable. [CAN and NOT.]

CANNULA, kan'[=u]-la, _n._ a surgical tube, esp. that enclosing a trocar or perforator, and the breathing-tube inserted in the windpipe after tracheotomy.--_adj._ CANN'ULATE. [Dim. of _canna_, a reed.]

CANNY, kan'i, _adj._ (_Scot._) knowing: shrewd: having supernatural power (see UNCANNY): comfortable: careful in money matters: gentle: sly or pawky.--_adv._ CANN'ILY.--_n._ CANN'INESS.--TO CA' CANNY, to go or act cautiously. [From CAN, to be able.]

CANOE, ka-n[=oo]', _n._ a boat made of the hollowed trunk of a tree, or of bark or skins: a skiff driven by paddling.--_v.t._ to paddle a canoe.--_n._ CANOE'IST. [Sp. _canoa_--Haytian _canoa_.]

CANON, kan-yon', _n._ a deep gorge or ravine between high and steep banks, worn by watercourses. [Sp. _canon_, a hollow, from root of CANNON.]

CANON, kan'un, _n._ a law or rule, esp. in ecclesiastical matters: a general rule: standard: the books of Scripture accepted as the standard or rule of faith by the Christian Church: a species of musical composition: one bound by certain vows over and above those binding upon regular members of his community--a canon _regular_: a clerical dignitary belonging to a cathedral, enjoying special emoluments, and obliged to reside there part of the year: a list of saints canonised: (_print._) a large kind of type.--_n._ CAN'ONESS, a female beneficiary of a regular religious college.--_adjs._ CANON'IC, -AL, according to or included in the canon: regular: ecclesiastical.--_adv._ CANON'ICALLY.--_n.pl._ CANON'ICALS, the official dress of the clergy, regulated by the church canons.--_ns._ CANONIC'ITY, the state of belonging to the canon of Scripture; CANONIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ CAN'ONISE, to enrol in the canon or list of saints.--_n._ CAN'ONIST, one versed in the canon law.--_adj._ CANONIST'IC.--_ns._ CAN'ON-LAW, a digest of the formal decrees of councils, oecumenical, general, and local, of diocesan and national synods, and of patriarchal decisions as to doctrine and discipline; CAN'ONRY, the benefice of a canon.--CANON OF THE MASS, that part of the mass which begins after the 'Sanctus' with the prayer 'Te igitur,' and ends just before the 'Paternoster;' CANON RESIDENTIARY, a canon obliged to reside at a cathedral and take a share in the duty; HONORARY CANON, one having the titular rank of canon in a cathedral, but without duties or emoluments; MINOR CANON, a cleric in orders, attached to a cathedral, his duty being to assist the canons in singing divine service. [A.S., Fr., from L. _canon_--Gr. _kan[=o]n_, a straight rod--_kann[=e]_, a reed.]

CANOPHILIST, ka-nof'i-list, _n._ a lover of dogs. [L. _canis_, a dog, Gr. _philein_, to love.]

CANOPUS, ka-n[=o]'pus, _n._ a bright star in the southern constellation _Argo navis_: an Egyptian vase for holding the entrails of the body embalmed.--_adj._ CANOP'IC. [L.,--Gr.]