Part 42

CATCH, kach, _v.t._ to take hold of: to apprehend or understand: to seize after pursuit: to trap or ensnare: to take a disease by infection: to take up anything by sympathy or imitation.--_v.i._ to be contagious: to be entangled or fastened in anything;--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ caught (kawt).--_n._ seizure: anything that seizes or holds: that which is caught: anything worth catching: a sudden advantage taken: a specially English form of musical composition, written generally in three or four parts, and in the canon form--originally synonymous with the _round_.--_adj._ CATCH'ABLE, that may be caught.--_ns._ CATCH'ER, one who catches; CATCH'FLY, a popular name of several plants belonging to the genus _Silene_, and of _Lychnis Viscaria_, whose glutinous stems often retain insects settling on them; CATCH'ING, the action of the verb 'to catch:' a nervous or spasmodic twitching.--_adj._ infectious: captivating, attractive.--_ns._ CATCH'MENT-B[=A]S'IN, a term applied to all that part of a river-basin from which rain is collected, and from which, therefore, the river is fed; CATCH'PENNY, any worthless thing, esp. a publication, intended merely to gain money--also _adj._; CATCH'WORD, among actors, the last word of the preceding speaker--the cue: the word at the head of the page in a dictionary or encyclopaedia: the first word of a page given at the bottom of the preceding page: any word or phrase taken up and repeated as the watchword or symbol of a party.--_adj._ CATCH'Y, attractive, deceptive, readily caught up, as an air, &c., fitful.--CATCH AT, to snatch at; CATCH FIRE, to become ignited, to be inspired by passion or zeal; CATCH HOLD OF, to seize; CATCH IT, to get a scolding or the like; CATCH ME! an emphatic colloquial phrase implying that there is not the remotest possibility of my doing something suggested; CATCH ON, to comprehend: to catch the popular fancy; CATCH OUT, to put a batsman out at cricket by catching the ball he has batted; CATCH SIGHT OF, suddenly to get a glimpse of; CATCH UP, to overtake; CATCH UP, or AWAY, to lay hold of forcibly. [From O. Fr. _cachier_--Late L. _capti[=a]re_ for _capt[=a]re_, inten. of _cap[)e]re_, to take. See CHASE.]

CATCHPOLE, -POLL, kach'p[=o]l, _n._ a constable, petty officer of justice. [Through O. Fr. from Low L. _cachepolus_, _chassipullus_, one who chases fowls. See CHASE and PULLET.]

CATCHUP, CATSUP. See KETCHUP.

CATE. See CATES.

CATECHISE, kat'e-k[=i]z, _v.t._ to instruct by question and answer: to question as to belief: to examine systematically, to take to task.--_adjs._ CATECHET'IC, -AL, relating to a catechism or oral instruction in the first principles, esp. of Christianity.--_adv._ CATECHET'ICALLY.--_ns._ CATECHET'ICS, the art or practice of teaching by question and answer: that part of theology which treats of CATECH[=E]'SIS, or primary oral instruction, as that given to catechumens; CAT'ECHISER; CAT'ECHISING, an examination by questioning; CAT'ECHISM, any compendious system of teaching drawn up in the form of question and answer; CAT'ECHIST, one who catechises, a teacher of catechumens, a native teacher in a mission church.--_adjs._ CATECHIST'IC, -AL, CATECHIS'MAL, pertaining to a catechist or catechism. [L. _catechismus_, formed from Gr. _kat[=e]chiz-ein_, _kat[=e]che-ein_, to din into the ears--_kata_, down, _[=e]ch[=e]_, a sound.]

CATECHU, kat'e-shoo, _n._ a substance used in tanning and dyeing, and medicinally as an astringent, obtained from the heart-wood of several East Indian trees, as the betel-nut, &c. [Tamil.]

CATECHUMEN, kat-e-k[=u]'men, _n._ one who is being taught the rudiments of Christianity: the appellation given in the early Christian Church to those converted Jews and heathens who had not yet received baptism, but were undergoing a course of training and instruction preparatory to it.--_adj._ CATECHUMEN'ICAL.--_adv._ CATECHUMEN'ICALLY.--_ns._ CATECH[=U]'MENSHIP, CATECH[=U]'MENISM, CATECH[=U]'MENATE. [Gr. _kat[=e]choumenos_, being taught, pr.p. pass. of _kat[=e]che-ein_, to teach.]

CATEGORY, kat'e-gor-i, _n._ what may be affirmed of a class: a class or order.--_adjs._ CATEGOREMAT'IC, capable of being used by itself as a term; CATEGOR'ICAL, positive: absolute: without exception.--_adv._ CATEGOR'ICALLY, absolutely: without qualification: expressly.--_n._ CATEGOR'ICALNESS, the quality of being absolute and unqualified.--_n.pl._ CAT'EGORIES (_phil._), the highest classes under which objects of philosophy can be systematically arranged, understood as an attempt at a comprehensive classification of all that exists: in Kant's system, the root-notions of the understanding, the specific forms of the _a priori_ or formal element in rational cognition (_quantity_, _quality_, _relation_, _modality_, &c.).--_v.t._ CAT'EGORISE, to place in a category or list: to class.--_n._ CATEGOR'IST, one who categorises.--CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE, in the ethics of Kant, the absolute unconditional command of the moral law, irrespective of every ulterior end or aim--universally authoritative, belonging to the fixed law of nature--'Act from a maxim at all times fit for law universal.' [Gr. _kat[=e]goria_, _kat[=e]goros_, an accuser, _kata_, down, against, _agora_, assembly.]

CATELECTRODE, kat-[=e]-lek'tr[=o]d, _n._ a negative electrode or cathode. [Gr. _kata_, down, and ELECTRODE.]

CATENARY, kat-[=e]'nar-i, _n._ the curve formed by a flexible homogeneous cord (such as a chain), hanging freely between two points of support, and acted on by no other force than gravity.--_adj._ relating to a chain, like a chain--also CATEN[=A]'RIAN.--_n._ CAT[=E]'NA, a chain or connected series, as in CATENA PATRUM, a chronological series of extracts from the Fathers on any doctrine of theology.--_v.t._ CAT'EN[=A]TE to connect as in a chain.--_n._ CATEN[=A]'TION. [L. _catenarius_, pertaining to a chain--_cat[=e]na_, chain.]

CATER, k[=a]'t[.e]r, _v.i._ to provide food, entertainment, &c. (with _for_).--_ns._ C[=A]'TERER; C[=A]'TERESS; C[=A]'TERING. [Lit. to act as a _cater_, the word being orig. a substantive, and spelled _catour_, an aphetised form of _acater_, _acatour_. See ACATER.]

CATERAN, kat'er-an, _n._ a Highland reiver or freebooter, a robber or brigand generally. [Gael. _ceathairne_, peasantry, Ir. _ceithern_, a band of soldiers.]

CATER-COUSIN, k[=a]'t[.e]r-kuz'n, _n._ a term implying familiarity, affection, sympathy, rather than kindred. [More prob. conn. with CATER than _quatre_ or _quarter_.]

CATERPILLAR, kat'[.e]r-pil-ar, _n._ a grub that lives upon the leaves of plants. [Prob. O. Fr. _chatepeleuse_, 'hairy cat;' _chate_, a she-cat--L. _catus_, _peleuse_, hairy--L. _pilosus_, _pilum_.]

CATERWAUL, kat'[.e]r-wawl, _n._ the shriek or cry emitted by the cat when in heat.--_v.i._ to make such a noise, to make any discordant sound: to behave lasciviously: to quarrel like cats.--_n._ CAT'ERWAULING. [The second

## part is prob. imit.]

CATES, k[=a]tz, _n.pl._ dainty food.

CATGUT. See CAT.

CATHARIST, kath'ar-ist, _n._ one professing a higher standard of purity in life and doctrine, a puritan: esp. a member of a Manichean heretical sect of the Middle Ages, which spread over the whole of southern and western Europe--confounded with the kindred sect of Paulicians, reaching the greatest numbers in southern France, where, as the Albigenses, they were ruthlessly stamped out by the Inquisition.--_n._ CATH'ARISM. [Gr. _katharistai_, _katharizein_, to purify.]

CATHARTIC, -AL, kath-[:a]rt'ik, -al, _adj._ having the power of cleansing the stomach and bowels: purgative.--_v.t._ CATH'ARISE, to render absolutely clean.--_ns._ CATHAR'SIS, evacuation of the bowels; CATHART'IC, a purgative medicine; CATHAR'TIN, the purgative principle of senna. [Gr. _kathartikos_, fit for cleansing, _katharos_, clean.]

CATHEAD. See CAT.

CATHEDRAL, kath-[=e]d'ral, _n._ the principal church of a diocese, in which is the seat or throne of a bishop.--_adj._ belonging to a cathedral.--_n._ CATHED'RA, a bishop's seat, the episcopal dignity--EX CATHEDRA, from the chair, officially given forth.--_adjs._ CATHEDRAL'IC, CATHEDRALESQUE', CATHED'RALED, vaulted like a cathedral.--_n._ CATHED'RALISM, the cathedral system.--_adj._ CATHEDRAT'IC, promulgated _ex cathedra_, authoritative. [L. _cathedra_--Gr. _kathedra_, a seat.]

CATHERINE-WHEEL, kath'e-rin-hw[=e]l, _n._ (_archit._) an ornamented window or compartment of a window, of a circular form, with radiating divisions of various colours: (_her._) a wheel set round with teeth: a kind of firework which in burning rotates like a wheel.--CATHERINE PEAR, a small and early variety of pear.--TURN CATHERINE-WHEELS, to make a series of somersaults sideways. [From St _Catherine_ of Alexandria, whom legend makes to suffer martyrdom in the 4th century by torture on a wheel.]

CATHETER, kath'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a tube to be introduced through the urethra into the bladder to draw off the urine, or for injecting air or fluids into the Eustachian tube.--_ns._ CATH'ETERISM; CATHETOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring small differences of level of different liquids in tubes; CATH'ETUS, a straight line falling perpendicularly on another straight line or surface. [Gr. _kathetos_, perpendicular, _kathet[=e]r_, from _kathienai_, to send down.]

CATHISMA, ka-thiz'ma, _n._ in Greek use, a portion of the psalter, there being altogether twenty cathismata: a troparion or short hymn used as a response. [Gr., _kathizein_, to sit down.]

CATHODE, kath-[=o]d', _n._ the negative pole or electrode of a galvanic battery, as opposed to _anode_: the surface in contact with the negative pole: the object to be coated in electroplating--_adj._ CATH'ODAL. [Gr. _kathodos_, a going down, _kata_, down, _hodos_, a way.]

CAT-HOLE. See CAT.

CATHOLIC, kath'ol-ik, _adj._ universal: general, embracing the whole body of Christians: orthodox, as opposed to _heterodox_ and _sectarian_--applied esp. to the Christian Church before the great schism between the East and the West: liberal, the opposite of exclusive: relating to the name claimed by its adherents for the Church of Rome as the alleged sole visible representative of the church founded by Christ and His apostles--the characteristic marks of the Catholic Church being _universality_, _antiquity_, _unity_: relating to the Roman Catholics.--_n._ an adherent of the R.C. Church.--_v.t._ CATHOL'ICISE, to make Catholic.--_ns._ CATHOL'ICISM, CATHOLIC'ITY, universality: liberality or breadth of view: the tenets of the R.C. Church; CATHOL'ICON, a universal remedy or panacea; CATHOL'ICOS, the Patriarch of Armenia.--CATHOLIC CREDITOR (_law of Scot._), one whose debt is secured over several or the whole subjects belonging to the debtor--e.g. over two or more heritable estates; CATHOLIC EMANCIPATION, the relief of the Roman Catholics from certain vexatious penal regulations and restrictions, granted in 1829; CATHOLIC or GENERAL EPISTLES, the name given to certain epistles in the canon addressed not to particular churches or individuals, but either to the Church universal or to a large and indefinite circle of readers--originally only 1 John and 1 Peter, but, as early as the 3d century, also James, Jude, 2 Peter, 2 and 3 John; CATHOLIC KING, a title given specially to the king of Spain.--OLD CATHOLICS, the title assumed by a number of Catholics who at Munich protested against the new dogma of the personal infallibility of the pope in all _ex cathedr[^a]_ deliverances proclaimed by the Vatican Council in 1870--now a considerable communion or church in Germany and Switzerland. [Gr. _katholicos_, universal--_kata_, throughout, _holos_, the whole.]

CATILINE, kat'il-[=i]n, _n._ the type of a daring and reckless conspirator, from L. Sergius _Catilina_, whose plot to destroy Rome was foiled by Cicero, 63 B.C.--_adj._ CAT'ILIN[=A]RIAN.

CATKIN. See CAT.

CAT-LOG, kat'-log, _n._ (_Shak._). CATALOGUE.

CATONIAN, ka-t[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ resembling _Cato_, the Roman Censor (died 149 B.C.), or Cato Uticensis (95-46 B.C.), both remarkable for gravity of manners--hence grave, severe, unbending.

CATOPTRIC, kat-op'trik, _adj._ relating to catoptrics or vision by reflection.--_n.pl._ CATOP'TRICS, the part of optics which treats of reflected light. [Gr.; from _katoptron_, a mirror--_kata_, against, _optesthai_, to see.]

CAT'S-TAIL. See CAT.

CATTLE, kat'l, _n.pl._ beasts of pasture, esp. oxen, bulls, and cows: sometimes also horses, sheep, &c.--_ns._ CATT'LEMAN, one who tends cattle, or who rears them on a ranch; CATT'LE-PLAGUE, plague or disease among cattle, esp. that known as rinderpest or steppe murrain; CATT'LE-SHOW, an exhibition or show of cattle or other domestic animals in competition for prizes. [O. Fr. _catel_, _chatel_--Low L. _captale_, orig. capital, property in general, then esp. animals--L. _capitalis_, chief--_caput_, the head, beasts in early times forming the chief part of property.]

CATTY, kat'i, _n._ the Chinese kin or pound, usually a little over 1-1/4 lb. avoirdupois.

CAUCASIAN, kaw-k[=a]'zhi-an, _adj._ pertaining to Mount _Caucasus_ or the country around it.--_n._ the name adopted by Blumenbach for one of his main ethnological divisions of mankind, by him made to include the two great groups, the Aryan and the Semitic; used by later anthropologists for the fair type of man as opposed to the Mongolic or yellow type.

CAUCUS, kaw'kus, _n._ a private meeting of political wire-pullers to agree upon candidates to be proposed for an ensuing election, or to fix the business to be laid before a general meeting of their party: applied loosely to any influential committee in a constituency. [Ety. dub.; perh. John Smith's Algonkin word _Caw-cawaassough_, an adviser; perh. a corr. of '_caulkers'_ meetings.']

CAUDAL, kaw'dal, _adj._ pertaining to the tail: having a tail or something like one.--_adj._ CAU'D[=A]TE, tailed. [L. _cauda_.]

CAUDEX, kaw'deks, _n._ (_bot._) the stem of a tree, esp. of a palm or tree-fern:--_pl._ CAUD'ICES, CAUD'EXES.--_n._ CAUDICLE, the stalk of the pollen-masses of certain orchids. [L.]

CAUDLE, kaw'dl, _n._ a warm drink, sweetened and spiced, given to the sick, esp. women in childbed.--_v.t._ to give a caudle to, to mix. [O. Fr. _chaudel_--L. _calidus_, hot.]

CAUDRON, kaw'dron, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as CAULDRON.

CAUGHT, kawt, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of CATCH.

CAUK, kawk, _n._ chalk: sulphate of baryta or heavy spar. [A form of CHALK.]

CAUKER. See CAULK.

CAUL, kawl, _n._ a net or covering for the head: the membrane covering the head of some infants at their birth. [O. Fr. _cale_, a little cap, prob. Celt.; cf. Ir. _calla_, a veil, hood.]

CAULD, kawld, _n._ (_Scot._) a dam in a stream, a weir.

CAULDRIFE, kawld'-r[=i]f, _adj._ (_Scot._) cold, chilly, lifeless, without vigour.

CAULDRON, CALDRON, kawl'dron, _n._ a large kettle for boiling or heating liquids. [O. Fr. _caudron_--L. _caldarium_--_calidus_, hot--_cal[=e]re_, to be hot.]

CAULESCENT, kaw-les'ent, _adj._ (_bot._) having a stem rising above the ground--also CAULIF'EROUS.--_n._ CAU'LICLE, a rudimentary stem.--_adj._ CAULIC'OLOUS, growing on a stem.--_n.pl._ CAULICUL[=A]'TA, the black or antipatharian corals.--_adj._ CAULIC'UL[=A]TE.--_n._ CAULIC'ULUS, one of the slender stems springing from the _caules_ or main stalks supporting the volutes in the Corinthian capital.--_adjs._ CAUL'IFORM, having the form of a stem; CAULIG'ENOUS, borne upon the stem; CAUL'INARY, CAU'LINE, belonging to a stem.--_n._ CAU'LIS, the stem of a plant: one of the main stems at the angles of the Corinthian capital. [L. _caulis_, a stalk.]

CAULIFLOWER, kaw'li-flow'[.e]r, _n._ a variety of cabbage, the eatable part of which is the deformed inflorescence or head. [Earlier _cole-florye_, _colie-florie_--Low L. _cauli-flora_--L. _caulis_, cabbage. See COLE and FLOWER.]

CAULK, CALK, kawk, _v.t._ to press oakum and untwisted rope into the seams of a ship to render it watertight.--_ns._ CAULK'ER, one who caulks: a dram: a big lie--also CAUK'ER; CAULK'ING; CAULK'ING-[=I]'RON, an instrument like a chisel used for pressing oakum into the seams of ships. [O. Fr. _cauquer_, to press--L. _cacl[=a]re_, to tread--_calx_, heel.]

CAUSE, kawz, _n._ that which produces an effect: that by or through which anything happens: motive: inducement: a legal action between contending

## parties: sake, advantage: that side of a question which is taken up by an

individual or party: (_Shak._) accusation: (_Shak._) matter, affair in general.--_v.t._ to produce: to make to exist: to bring about: (_Spens._) to give excuses.--_conj._ (_dial._) because.--_adj._ CAUS'AL, relating to a cause or causes.--_n._ CAUSAL'ITY, the working of a cause: (_phren._) the faculty of tracing effects to their causes.--_adv._ CAUS'ALLY, according to the order of causes.--_ns._ CAUS[=A]'TION, the act of causing: the bringing about of an effect; the relation of cause and effect; CAUS[=A]'TIONISM, the theory of causation; CAUS[=A]'TIONIST, a believer in the foregoing.--_adj._ CAUS'ATIVE, expressing causation.--_n._ a form of verb or noun expressing such.--_adv._ CAUS'ATIVELY.--_adj._ CAUSE'LESS, having no cause or occasion.--_adv._ CAUSE'LESSLY.--_ns._ CAUSE'LESSNESS; CAUS'ER, one who causes an effect to be produced.--CAUSE C['E]L[`E]BRE, a convenient French term for a specially interesting and important legal trial, criminal or civil.--FINAL CAUSE, the end or object for which a thing is done, esp. the design of the universe; FIRST CAUSE, the original cause or creator of all.--HOUR OF CAUSE (_Scot._), hour or time of trial.--SECONDARY CAUSES, such as are derived from a primary or first cause.--HAVE or SHOW CAUSE, to have to give reasons for a certain line of action; MAKE COMMON CAUSE (_with_), to unite for a common object; SHOW CAUSE (_Eng. law_), to argue against the confirmation of a provisional order or judgment.--For OCCASIONAL CAUSES, see OCCASIONALISM. [Fr.,--L. _causa_.]

CAUSERIE, k[=o]z'ri, _n._ a talk or gossip: a paragraph of chat about literature or art; a short and informal essay on any subject in a newspaper or magazine--as in Sainte-Beuve's famous _Causeries du Lundi_. [Fr.]

CAUSEWAY, kawz'w[=a], CAUSEY, kawz'e, _n._ a raised way through a marsh: a pathway raised and paved with stone: a paved street.--_v.t._ to pave.--_p.adjs._ CAUSE'WAYED, CAUS'EYED. [CAUSEWAY is formed from CAUSEY and WAY. CAUSEY is in M. E. _causee_--O. Fr. _caucie_--Low L. _calciata_--L. _calx_, heel.]

CAUSTIC, kaws'tik, _adj._ burning: (_fig._) bitter, severe, cutting: (_math._) noting an envelope of rays of light proceeding from a fixed point and reflected (_catacaustic_) or refracted (_diacaustic_) by a surface or a curve.--_n._ a substance that exerts a corroding or disintegrating action on the skin and flesh.--_adv._ CAUS'TICALLY.--_n._ CAUSTIC'ITY, quality of being caustic.--CAUSTIC ALKALI (_chem._), a name given to the hydrates of potassium and sodium, called caustic potash and caustic soda respectively; CAUSTIC AMMONIA, ammonia as a gas, or in solution; CAUSTIC LIME, quicklime.--COMMON CAUSTIC, potash; LUNAR CAUSTIC, nitrate of silver in sticks for surgical use. [L.,--Gr. _kaustikos_--_kai-ein_, _kaus-ein_, to burn.]

CAUTEL, kaw'tel, _n._ (_Shak._) craft: insidious purpose: caution: wariness: a traditionary caution or written direction about the proper manner of administering the sacraments.--_adj._ CAU'TELOUS (_Shak._), cautious: insidious: artful. [Fr. _caut[`e]le_--L. _cautela_--_cav[=e]re_, _cautum_, to guard against.]

CAUTERISE, kaw't[.e]r-[=i]z, _v.t._ to burn with a caustic or a hot iron: (_fig._) to sear.--_ns._ CAU'TER, CAU'TERY, a burning with caustics or a hot iron: a burning iron or caustic used for burning tissue; CAUTERIS[=A]'TION, CAU'TERISM. [Fr. _caut['e]riser_--Low L. _cauteriz[=a]re_--Gr. _kaut[=e]r_, a hot iron--_kai-ein_, to burn.]

CAUTION, kaw'shun, _n._ heedfulness: security: warning: a surety: (_Scot._) bail.--_v.t._ to warn to take care.--_adj._ CAU'TIONARY, containing caution: given as a pledge.--_ns._ CAU'TIONER, one who cautions or advises: (_Scots law_) a surety; CAU'TIONRY, the act of giving security for another.--_adj._ CAU'TIOUS, possessing or using caution: watchful: prudent.--_adv._ CAU'TIOUSLY.--_n._ CAU'TIOUSNESS.--CAUTION MONEY, money paid in advance as security for good behaviour. [Fr.,--L. _caution-em_--_cav[=e]re_, to beware.]

CAVALCADE, kav-al-k[=a]d', _n._ a train or procession of persons on horseback.--_v.i._ to go in a cavalcade. [Fr., through It. and Low L. forms from L. _caballus_, a horse.]

CAVALIER, kav-al-[=e]r', _n._ a knight: a Royalist in the great Civil War: a swaggering fellow: a gallant or gentleman in attendance upon a lady, as her escort or partner in a dance or the like: in military fortification, a raised work so situated as to command the neighbouring country.--_adj._ like a cavalier: gay: war-like: haughty, supercilious, free-and-easy.--_v.i._ to act as cavalier.--_adj._ CAVALIER'ISH.--_n._ CAVALIER'ISM.--_adv._ CAVALIER'LY.--_n._ CAVALIER'O, a cavalier.--CAVALIERE-SERVENTE (It.), one who waits upon a lady, esp. a married lady, with fantastic devotion--a cicisbeo. [Fr.,--It. _cavallo_. See CAVALCADE.]

CAVALRY, kav'al-ri, _n._ horse-soldiers: a troop of horse or horsemen. [Fr. _cavallerie_--It. _cavalleria_--L. _caballarius_, horseman.]

CAVASS. See KAVASS.

CAVATINA, kav-at-[=e]'na, _n._ a short form of operatic air, of a smooth and melodious character, differing from the ordinary aria in consisting only of one part, and frequently appearing as part of a grand scena. [It.]

CAVE, k[=a]v, _n._ a hollow place in the earth: a den: any small faction of seceders from a political party.--_v.t._ to hollow out.--_v.i._ to lodge in a cave.--_n._ CAVE'-BEAR (_Ursus spelaeus_), a fossil bear of the Quaternary epoch.--_n.pl._ CAVE'-DWELL'ERS, prehistoric men who lived in caves.--_n._ CAV'ING, yielding.--TO CAVE IN, of land, to slip, to fall into a hollow: to yield to outside pressure, to give way, collapse. [Fr.,--L. _cavus_, hollow.]

CAVEAT, k[=a]'ve-at, _n._ a notice or warning: a formal warning, entered in the books of a court or public office, that no step shall be taken in a

## particular matter without notice to the person lodging the caveat, so that

he may appear and object. [L., 'let him take care'--_cav[=e]re_, to take care.]

CAVENDISH, kav'en-dish, _n._ tobacco moistened and pressed into quadrangular cakes. [Possibly from the name of the original manufacturer.]

CAVERN, kav'[.e]rn, _n._ a deep hollow place in the earth.--_v.t._ to put in a cavern: to hollow out, in the form of a cavern.--_adjs._ CAV'ERNED, full of caverns: dwelling in a cavern; CAV'ERNOUS, hollow: full of caverns.--_adv._ CAV'ERNOUSLY.--_adj._ CAVER'N[=U]LOUS, full of little cavities. [Fr.,--L. _caverna_--_cavus_, hollow.]

CAVESSON, kav'es-on, _n._ a nose-band for a horse. [Fr.,--It.--L. _capitia_, _capitium_, a head-covering.]

CAVETTO, ka-vet'to, _n._ a hollowed moulding whose curvature is the quarter of a circle, used chiefly in cornices. [It.; dim. of _cavo_--L. _cavus_, hollow.]

CAVIARE, CAVIAR, kav-i-[:a]r', or kav-i-[=a]r' (originally four syllables), _n._ an article of food made from the salted roes of the sturgeon, &c.: (_fig._) something whose flavour is too fine for the vulgar taste. [Prob. the 16th-cent. It. _caviale_; the Turk, _kh[=a]vy[=a]r_ is prob. borrowed.]

CAVICORN, kav'i-korn, _adj._ hollow-horned, as a ruminant.--_n._ one of the CAVICOR'NIA, a family contrasted with the solid-horned ruminants, or deer (_Cervidae_). [L. _cavus_, hollow, _cornu_, a horn.]

CAVIE, k[=a]v'i, _n._ a hen-coop or cage. [Dut. _kevie_; Ger. _k[:a]fig_.]

CAVIL, kav'il, _v.t._ to make empty, trifling objections: to use false arguments:--_pr.p._ cav'illing; _pa.p._ cav'illed.--_n._ a frivolous objection.--_ns._ CAVILL[=A]'TION, CAV'ILLING; CAV'ILLER. [O. Fr. _caviller_--L. _cavill[=a]ri_, to practise jesting--_cavilla_, jesting.]

CAVITY, kav'it-i, _n._ a hollow place: hollowness: an opening.--_adj._ CAV'ITIED. [L. _cavitas_, _-tatem_--_cavus_, hollow.]

CAVO-RILIEVO, k[:a]'v[=o]-r[=e]-ly[=a]'v[=o], _n._ a kind of relief in which the highest surface is level with the plane of the original stone, which is left round the outlines of the design.--Also INTAGLIO-RILIEVO and COELANAGLYPHIC SCULPTURE. [It. _cavo_, hollow, _rilievo_, relief. See CAVE and RELIEF.]

CAVORT, kav-ort', _v.i._ (_U.S. slang_) to curvet, bound. [Explained as a corr. of CURVET.]

CAVY, k[=a]v'i, _n._ a genus of Rodents, best known by the domesticated species, the common guinea-pig. [_Cabiai_, the native name in French Guiana.]

CAW, kaw, _v.i._ to cry as a crow.--_n._ the cry of a crow--also KAW.--_n._ CAW'ING. [From the sound.]

CAWK, kawk, _n._ a miner's familiar name for heavy spar. [Prov. Eng. _cauk_, CHALK.]

CAWKER. Same as CALKER.

CAXON, kak'son, _n._ a kind of wig formerly worn. [Origin obscure.]

CAXTON, kaks'ton, _n._ a book printed by William _Caxton_ (1422-91), the first English printer: a kind of printing-type in imitation of Caxton's.

CAY, k[=a], _n._ a low islet, the same as KEY. [Sp. _cayo_.]

CAYENNE, k[=a]-en', CAYENNE-PEPPER, k[=a]-en'-pep'[.e]r, _n._ a very pungent red pepper, made from several species of capsicum.--_adj._ CAYENNED', seasoned with cayenne. [Usually referred to _Cayenne_ in French Guiana; but there is little doubt the word is Brazilian.]

CAYMAN, k[=a]'man, _n._ a local name loosely applied to various species of alligator--to that of the Mississippi, and more frequently to others found in tropical or subtropical America. [Sp. _caiman_, most prob. Carib.]

CAZIQUE, a form of CACIQUE.

CEASE, s[=e]s, _v.i._ to give over: to stop: to be at an end (with _from_).--_v.t._ to put an end to.--_n._ (_Shak._) extinction.--_adj._ CEASE'LESS, without ceasing: incessant.--_adv._ CEASE'LESSLY.--_n._ CEAS'ING.--WITHOUT CEASE, continually. [Fr. _cesser_--L. _cess[=a]re_, to give over--_ced[)e]re_, to yield, give up.]

CEBADILLA. See CEVADILLA.

CEBUS, s[=e]'bus, _n._ a genus of South American monkeys--CEBIDAE (seb'i-d[=e]) is sometimes applied to all the broad-nosed New-World monkeys (Platyrrhini) with prehensile tails, in contrast to the Pithecidae. [Gr. _k[=e]bos_.]

CECIDOMYIA, ses-i-dom-[=i]'ya, _n._ a genus of dipterous (two-winged) insects in the Tipularia (gnat and mosquito) division. [Gr. _k[=e]kis_, _-idos_, juice.]

CECILS, s[=e]'silz, _n.pl._ minced meat, bread crumbs, onions, &c., made up into balls and fried.

CECITY, s[=e]'si-ti, _n._ blindness. [L. _caecitas_--_caecus_, blind.]

CEDAR, s[=e]'dar, _n._ a large evergreen tree remarkable for the durability and fragrance of its wood; applied also to many more or less similar trees, as the Barbadoes cedar, properly a juniper, and the Bastard Barbadoes cedar, properly a _Cedrela_ (used for canoes, cigar-boxes, blacklead pencils).--_adj._ made of cedar.--_adjs._ C[=E]'DARED, covered with cedars; C[=E]'DARN (_Milton_), pertaining to or made of cedar; C[=E]'DRINE, belonging to the cedar-tree; C[=E]'DRY, obsolete form of C[=E]'DARY, having the colour or properties of cedar. [L.--Gr. _kedros_.]

CEDE, s[=e]d, _v.t._ to yield or give up to another.--_v.i._ to give way. [L. _ced[)e]re_, _cessum_, to yield, give up.]

CEDILLA, se-dil'la, _n._ a mark placed under the letter _c_ (thus _c_), esp. in French, to show that it is to have its soft sound of _s_, where one would expect the hard, as before _a_, _o_, _u_. [Sp. (Fr. _c['e]dille_, It. _zediglia_), all from _z[=e]ta_, the Greek name of _z_.]

CEDRATE, s[=e]'dr[=a]t, _n._ the citron. [Fr.,--L. _citrus_.]

CEDRELA, sed'r[=e]-la, _n._ a tropical genus of _Meliaceae_, allied to mahogany, whose wood is popularly called cedar.--_adj._ CEDREL[=A]'CEOUS. [Gr. _kedrelat[=e]_--_kedros_, cedar, _elat[=e]_, the silver fir.]

CEDULA, sed'[=u]-l[:a], _n._ a South American promissory-note or mortgage-bond on lands. [Sp. Cf. SCHEDULE.]

CEE-SPRING, C-SPRING, s[=e]'-spring, _n._ a spring supporting the frame of a carriage, in the shape of a C.