Part 37

## parties of boys undergoing military training. [Fr. _cadet_, formerly

_capdet_--Low L. _capitettum_, dim. of _caput_, the head.]

CADGE, kaj, _v.i._ to beg or go about begging.--_n._ CADG'ER, a carrier who collects country produce, a hawker: a fellow who picks up his living about the streets. [Prob. conn. with CATCH.]

CADGY, kaj'i, _adj._ (_prov._) frolicsome: wanton. [Cf. Dan. _kaad_, wanton, Ice. _k['a]tr_, merry.]

CADI, k[=a]'di, _n._ a judge in Mohammedan countries. [Ar. _q[=a]d[=i]_, a judge.]

CADMEAN, kad-m[=e]'an, _adj._ relating to _Cadmus_, who introduced the original Greek alphabet.

CADMIA, kad'mi-a, _n._ oxide of zinc, containing from 10 to 20 per cent. of cadmium. [Gr. _kadmia_, _kadmeia_ (_ge_), Cadmean (earth), calamine.]

CADMIUM, kad'mi-um, _n._ a white metal occurring in zinc ores. [See CADMIA.]

CADRANS, kad'rans, _n._ a wooden instrument by which a gem is adjusted while being cut. [Fr. _cadran_, a quadrant.]

CADRE, kad'r, _n._ a nucleus, framework, esp. the permanent skeleton of a regiment or corps, the commissioned and non-commissioned officers, &c., around whom the rank and file may be quickly grouped. [Fr.]

[Illustration]

CADUCEUS, ka-d[=u]'se-us, _n._ (_myth._) the rod carried by Mercury, the messenger of the gods--a wand surmounted with two wings and entwined by two serpents.--_adj._ CAD[=U]'CEAN. [L., akin to Gr. _k[=e]rukeion_, a herald's wand--_k[=e]rux_, a herald.]

CADUCIBRANCHIATE, ka-d[=u]i-si-brang'ki-[=a]t, _adj._ losing the gills on attaining maturity, as all the salamanders.--_n.pl._ CADUCIBRANCHI[=A]'TA. [L. _caducus_, caducous, _branchiae_, gills.]

CADUCOUS, ka-d[=u]'kus, _adj._ falling early, as leaves or flowers.--_n._ CAD[=U]'CITY, transitoriness, senility. [L. _caducus_--_cad-[)e]re_, to fall.]

CAECUM, s[=e]'kum, _n._ a blind sac: a sac or bag having only one opening, connected with the intestine of an animal.--_adj._ CAE'CAL. [L.--_caecus_, blind.]

CAEN-STONE, k[=a]'en-st[=o]n, _n._ a cream-coloured limestone brought from _Caen_ in France.

CAESAR, s[=e]'zar, _n._ an absolute monarch, an autocrat, from the Roman dictator Caius Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.).--_adj._ CAESAR'EAN, relating to Julius Caesar.--_ns._ CAE'SARISM; CAE'SARIST; CAE'SARSHIP.--CAESAREAN OPERATION, the popular name for Hysterotomy, the delivery of a child by cutting through the walls of the abdomen, as is said to have been the case with Caesar.

CAESIUM, s[=e]z'i-um, _n._ a silver-white, soft, and extensile alkaline metal, almost always found along with rubidium, discovered by Bunsen and Kirchhoff in 1860 by spectrum analysis.--_adj._ CAES'IOUS, bluish green. [L. _caesius_, bluish gray.]

CAESURA, CESURA, s[=e]-z[=u]'ra, _n._ a syllable cut off at the end of a word after the completion of a foot: a pause in a verse.--_adj._ CAES[=U]'RAL. [L.--_caed[)e]re_, _caesum_, to cut off.]

CAF['E], k[:a]f'[=a], _n._ a coffee-house, a restaurant.--CAF['E] CHANTANT, a public place of entertainment where the guests hear music while sipping their liquor. [Fr.]

CAFFEINE, kaf'e-in, or kaf-[=e]'in, _n._ the alkaloid or active principle of coffee and tea. [Fr. _caf['e]ine_. See COFFEE.]

CAFFRE, kaf'f[.e]r, _n._ more correctly KAFIR (q.v.).

CAFTAN, kaf'tan, _n._ a Persian or Turkish vest. [Turk. _qaft['a]n_.]

CAGE, k[=a]j, _n._ a place of confinement: a box made of wire and wood for holding birds or small animals: (_mining_) a frame with one or more platforms for cars, used in hoisting in a vertical shaft: the framework supporting a peal of bells.--_v.t._ to imprison in a cage--_p.adj._ CAGED, confined.--_ns._ CAGE'LING, a bird kept in a cage; CAGE'-WORK, open work like the bars of a cage. [Fr.--L. _cavea_, a hollow place.]

CAGOT, kag'[=o], _n._ one of an outcast race found scattered in the district of the western Pyrenees, most likely the descendants of lepers. [Fr.; origin unknown.]

CAHIER, ka-y[=a]', _n._ a writing-book, memorandum or report: a memorial. [Fr.]

CAHOOT, ka-h[=oo]t', _n._ (_U.S._) company or partnership.

CAILLACH, k[=i]l'yah, _n._ an old woman. [Gael. _cailleach_.]

CAIMAC, CAIMACAM. See KAIMAKAM.

CAIMAN. Same as CAYMAN.

CAIN, k[=a]n, _n._ a murderer, from _Cain_, who killed his brother Abel (Gen. iv.).--_adj._ CAIN'-COL'OURED (_Shak._), reddish, the traditional colour of the hair of Cain and Judas.--_n._ CAIN'ITE, a descendant of Cain: a member of a 2d-century set of Gnostics who revered Cain and Judas.

CAIN, KAIN, k[=a]n, _n._ in old Scots law, rent paid in kind, esp. in poultry, &c.--TO PAY THE CAIN, to pay the penalty. [Ir. and Gael, _c['a]in_, rent, tax.]

CAINOZOIC, k[=a]-no-z[=o]'ik, _adj._ belonging to the third of the great periods of geology, the same as the Tertiary (q.v.). [Gr. _kainos_, newly made, recent, _z[=o]on_, animal.]

CAIQUE, k[:a]-[=e]k', _n._ a light skiff used on the Bosporus: the skiff of a galley. [Fr.,--Turk. _kaik_, a boat.]

CAIRD, k[=a]rd, _n._ a tramping tinker, a gipsy, a vagrant. [Gael. and Ir. _ceard_.]

CAIRN, k[=a]rn, _n._ a heap of stones, esp. one raised over a grave, or as a landmark on a mountain-top.--_n._ CAIRN'GORM-STONE, or simply CAIRNGORM, a name often given by jewellers to brown or yellow quartz or rock-crystal, because found among the Cairngorm Mountains in Aberdeenshire. [Celt. _carn_.]

CAISSON, k[=a]s'on, _n._ a tumbril or ammunition wagon: a chest filled with explosive materials: a strong case for keeping out the water while the foundations of a bridge are being built: an apparatus for lifting a vessel out of the water for repairs or inspection: the pontoon or floating gate used to close a dry-dock. [Fr., from _caisse_, a case or chest. See CASE.]

CAITIFF, k[=a]'tif, _n._ a mean despicable fellow.--_adj._ mean, base.--_n._ CAI'TIVE (_Spens._), captive, subject. [O. Fr. _caitif_, (Fr. _ch['e]tif_)--L. _captivus_, a captive--_cap-[)e]re_, to take.]

CAJOLE, ka-j[=o]l', _v.t._ to coax: to cheat by flattery.--_ns._ CAJOLE'MENT, coaxing for the purpose of deluding: wheedling language: flattery; CAJOL'ER; CAJOL'ERY. [Fr. _cajoler_, to chatter; ety. dub.]

CAJUPUT, kaj'i-put, _n._ a pungent, volatile, aromatic oil, distilled from the leaves of two trees native to Australia.--Also CAJ'EPUT. [Malay.]

CAKE, k[=a]k, _n._ a piece of dough that is baked: a small loaf of fine bread: any flattened mass baked, as _pan_-_cake_, &c., or as soap, wax, tobacco, &c.: a thin hard-baked kind of oaten-bread--whence Scotland is styled the 'Land of Cakes:' fancy bread, sweetened: a composition of bread with butter, sugar, spices, currants, raisins, &c., baked into any form--_plum-cake_, _tea-cake_, _wedding-cake_.--_v.t._ to form into a cake or hard mass.--_v.i._ to become baked or hardened.--_adj._ CAK'Y.--CAKES AND ALE, a phrase covering vaguely all the good things of life.--TO TAKE THE CAKE (_slang_), to carry off the honours, rank first. [Scand. _kaka_; cog. with Ger. _kuche_, Dut. _koek_.]

CALABAR-BEAN, k[:a]l'a-b[:a]r-b[=e]n, _n._ the seed of _Physostigma venenosum_, the ordeal bean of Old Calabar, used in the form of an emulsion in cases of witchcraft, the accused being plainly innocent if he can throw off the poison by vomiting.

CALABASH, kal'a-bash, _n._ a tree of tropical America, bearing a large melon-like fruit, the shell of which, called a calabash, is used for domestic purposes, as holding liquids, &c. [Fr. _calebasse_--Sp. _calabaza_--Pers. _kharbuz_, melon.]

CALABOOSE, kal'a-b[=oo]s, _n._ a prison in New Orleans, esp. a common lock-up. [Sp. _calabozo_, a dungeon.]

CALADIUM, kal-[=a]'di-um, _n._ a genus of plants of the Arum family, with edible starchy root-stocks. [Latinised from Malay _k['e]l[=a]dy_.]

CALAMANCO, kal-a-mangk'o, _n._ a satin-twilled woollen stuff, checkered or brocaded in the warp. [Dut. _kalamink_, Ger. _kalmank_, Fr. _calmande_; origin unknown.]

CALAMANDER, kal'a-man-d[.e]r, _n._ a hard and valuable cabinet-wood of a brownish colour, with black stripes, brought from India and Ceylon. [Prob. Singh.]

CALAMARY, kal'a-mar-i, _n._ a popular name applied to numerous forms of cuttle-fish or Cephalopoda, more esp. to _Loligo vulgaris_.--Also SQUID. [Sp. _calamar_--Fr. _calmar_--L. _calamarius_, _calamus_, a pen.]

CALAMINE, kal'a-m[=i]n, _n._ an ore consisting essentially of carbonate of zinc. [Fr.--Low L. _calamina_, most prob. from L. _cadmia_.]

CALAMINT, kal'a-mint, _n._ a genus of Labiate plants closely allied to balm and thyme. [Fr.--Low L. _calamentum_, through L. from Gr. _kalaminth[=e]_.]

CALAMITE, kal'a-m[=i]t, _n._ a fossil plant abundant in the coal-measures, believed to be a kind of gigantic horse-tails (_Equisetaceae_). [Formed from L. _calamus_, a reed.]

CALAMITY, kal-am'i-ti, _n._ a great misfortune: affliction.--_adj._ CALAM'ITOUS, making wretched, disastrous.--_adv._ CALAM'ITOUSLY, in a calamitous manner.--_n._ CALAM'ITOUSNESS, the quality of producing distress: distress: misery. [Fr. _calamit['e]_--L. _calamitat-em_.]

CALAMUS, kal'a-mus, _n._ the traditional name of the sweet flag, which is no doubt the _Calamus aromaticus_ of Roman authors, and probably the sweet calamus and sweet cane of Scripture, but not the fragrant lemon-grass of India: a genus of palms whose stems make canes or rattans: the reed pen used by the ancients in writing. [L.--Gr.]

CALASH, ka-lash', _n._ a light low-wheeled carriage with a folding top: a silk and whalebone hood worn by ladies to shade the face. [Fr. _cal[`e]che_; of Slav. origin, as Bohem. _kol['e]sa_, Russ. _koleso_, a wheel.]

CALAVANCE, kal'a-vans, _n._ a name for certain varieties of pulse.--Also CAR'AVANCE. [Sp. _garbanzo_, chickpea, said to be the Basque _garbantzu_.]

CALCANEUM, kal-k[=a]'n[=e]-um, _n._ a bone of the tarsus or ankle, forming in man the prominence of the heel, the _os calcis_: in birds, the hypotarsus.--_adjs._ CALC[=A]'NEAL, CALC[=A]'NEAN. [L., the heel--_calx_, the heel.]

CALCAR, kal'kar, _n._ (_bot._) a spur or spur-like projection, esp. from the base of a petal: (_anat._) an eminence in the lateral ventricles of the brain, the hippocampus minor or calcar avis.--_adjs._ CAL'CARATE; CALCAR'IFORM; CAL'CARINE. [L., a spur--_calx_, _calcis_, the heel.]

CALCAR, kal'kar, _n._ an oven or furnace for calcining the materials of frit before melting--also _Fritting-furnace_: an arch or oven for annealing.

CALCAREOUS, kal-k[=a]'re-us, _adj._ like or containing chalk or lime, whether waters, rocks, or soils.--_n._ CALC[=A]'REOUSNESS.--_adj._ CALCARIF'EROUS, better CALCIF'EROUS, containing lime. [L. _calcarius_, from _calx_, lime.]

CALCEAMENTUM, kal-s[=e]-a-men'tum, _n._ a red silk embroidered sandal forming part of the insignia of the Holy Roman Empire. [L.]

CALCED, kalst, _adj._ shod, wearing shoes--opp. to _Discalced_--of Carmelites.--_v.t._ CAL'C[=E]ATE, to shoe.--_adjs._ CAL'C[=E]ATE, -D, shod; CAL'C[=E]IFORM (_bot._), having the form of a slipper; CAL'C[=E]OLATE, calceiform. [Low L. _calceus_, a shoe--_calx_, _calcis_, the heel.]

CALCEOLARIA, kal-se-o-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a South American genus of _Scrophulariaceae_, largely cultivated as half-hardy or greenhouse plants for the beauty and variety in colour of the two-lipped slipper-like flowers. [L. _calceolus_, dim. of _calceus_, a shoe.]

CALCIUM, kal'si-um, _n._ the metal present in chalk, stucco, and other compounds of lime.--_adjs._ CAL'CIC, containing calcium; CAL'CIFIC, calcifying or calcified.--_v.i._ CAL'CIFIC[=A]'TION, the process of calcifying, a changing into lime.--_adjs._ CAL'CIFORM, like chalk, pebbly; CALCIF'UGOUS, avoiding limestone.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ CAL'CIFY, to make calcic: to turn into bony tissue.--_adjs._ CALCIG'ENOUS, forming lime; CALCIG'EROUS, containing lime.--_n._ CAL'CIMINE, a white or tinted wash for ceilings, walls, &c., consisting of whiting, with glue, &c.--_v.t._ to wash with such.--_adj._ CAL'CINABLE, capable of being calcined.--_n._ CALCIN[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ CAL'CINE, or CALCINE', to reduce to a calx or chalky powder by the action of heat, to burn to ashes.--_v.i._ to become a calx or powder by heat.--_ns._ CAL'CITE, native calcium carbonate, or carbonate of lime--also called CALC[=A]'REOUS SPAR and CALC'SPAR; CALC'-SIN'TER, CALC'-TUFF, TRA'VERTIN, a porous deposit from springs or rivers which in flowing through limestone rocks have become charged with calcium carbonate. [Formed from L. _calx_, chalk.]

CALCOGRAPHY. See CHALCOGRAPHY.

CALCULATE, kal'k[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to count or reckon: to think out: to adapt, fit (only passive, with _for_): (_U.S._) to think, purpose.--_v.i._ to make a calculation: to estimate.--_adjs._ CAL'CULABLE; CAL'CULATING, given to forethought, deliberately selfish and scheming.--_n._ CALCUL[=A]'TION, the art or process of calculating: estimate: forecast.--_adj._ CAL'CUL[=A]TIVE, relating to calculation.--_n._ CAL'CUL[=A]TOR, one who calculates. [L. _calcul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to reckon by help of little stones--_calculus_, dim. of _calx_, a little stone.]

CALCULUS, kal'k[=u]-lus, _n._ a stone-like concretion which forms in certain parts of the body: one of the higher branches of mathematics:--_pl._ CALCULI (kal'k[=u]-li).--_adj._ CAL'CULOSE, stony or like stone: gritty: affected with stone or with gravel.--CALCULUS OF FINITE DIFFERENCES not merely does not consider differentials, but does not assume continuity.--DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS, a method of treating the values of ratios of differentials or the increments of quantities continually varying; INTEGRAL CALCULUS, the summation of an infinite series of differentials. [L.--_calx_.]

CALDRON. Same as CAULDRON.

CALEDONIAN, kal-e-d[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Caledonia_, or Scotland.--_n._ a Scotchman.

CALEFACTION, kal-e-fak'shun, _adj._ act of heating: state of being heated.--_adj._ CALEF[=A]'CIENT, warming.--_n._ anything that warms: a blister or superficial stimulant.--_adj._ CALEFAC'TIVE, communicating heat.--_n._ CALEFAC'TOR, a small stove.--_adj._ CALEFAC'TORY, warming.--_n._ a room in which monks warmed themselves: a warming-pan, a pome.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ CAL'EFY, to grow warm: to make warm.--_n._ CALES'CENCE, increasing warmth. [L.,--_cal[=e]re_, to grow hot, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

CALENDAR, kal'en-dar, _n._ the mode of adjusting the natural divisions of time with respect to each other for the purposes of civil life: an almanac or table of months, days, and seasons, or of special facts, &c., as in the 'gardener's calendar,' &c.: a list of documents arranged chronologically with summaries of contents, as in 'calendar of state papers:' a list of canonised saints, or of prisoners awaiting trial: any list or record.--_v.t._ to place in a list: to analyse and index.--_ns._ CAL'ENDARER, CAL'ENDARIST. [O. Fr. _calendier_--L. _calendarium_, an account-book, _kalendae_, calends.]

CALENDER, kal'en-d[.e]r, _n._ a press consisting of two rollers for smoothing and dressing cloth, paper, &c.: a person who calenders, properly a calendrer.--_v.t._ to dress in a calender.--_ns._ CAL'ENDERING; CAL'ENDRER, one whose business it is to calender cloth; CAL'ENDRY, a place where calendering is done. [Fr. _calandre_--L. _cylindrus_--L. _kylindros_.]

CALENDER, kal'en-d[.e]r, _n._ a word somewhat loosely used for dervish in Persia and Central Asia. [Pers.]

CALENDS, kal'endz, _n._ among the Romans, the first day of each month. [L. _Kalendae_--_cal[)a]re_, Gr. _kalein_, to call, because the beginning of the month was proclaimed.]

CALENTURE, kal'en-t[=u]r, _n._ a kind of fever or delirium occurring on board ship in hot climates. [Fr. and Sp.--L. _calent-em_, _cal[=e]re_, to be hot.]

CALESCENCE. See CALEFACTION.

CALF, k[:a]f, _n._ the young of the cow and of some other animals, as marine mammals: calf-skin leather, bookbinding in such: a stupid or a cowardly person:--_pl._ CALVES (k[:a]vz).--_ns._ CALF'-LOVE, an attachment between a boy and girl; CALF'S'-FOOT, CALVES'-FOOT, the foot of the calf, used in making a palatable jelly; CALF'-SKIN, the skin of the calf, making a good leather for bookbinding and shoes.--DIVINITY CALF, a dark-brown calf bookbinding, with blind stamping, and without gilding--common in the binding of theological books; GOLDEN CALF, the idol set up by Aaron during the absence of Moses on Sinai, or those erected by Jeroboam at Bethel and Dan: worship of Mammon or wealth; HALF-CALF, a bookbinding in which the back and corners are in calf-skin; MOTTLED CALF, a light coloured bookbinding, decorated by the sprinkling of acid in drops; SMOOTH CALF, a binding in plain or undecorated calf leather.--THE CALVES OF OUR LIPS (Hosea, xiv. 2), an offering of praise (the Septuagint reads, 'The fruit of our lips').--TREE CALF, a bright brown calf bookbinding, stained by acids with a pattern resembling the trunk and branches of a tree. [A.S. _cealf_; Ger. _kalb_.]

CALF, k[:a]f, _n._ the thick fleshy part of the leg behind.--_adj._ CALF'LESS, with a thin, poor calf. [Ice. _kalfi_; perh. the same word as the preceding.]

CALIBAN, kal'i-ban, _n._ a man of beastly nature, from the monster in Shakespeare's _Tempest_.

CALIBRE, CALIBER, kal'i-b[.e]r, _n._ the size of the bore of a gun: diameter: intellectual capacity.--_adj._ CAL'IBERED.--_v.t._ CAL'IBR[=A]TE, to determine the calibre of.--_n._ CALIBR[=A]'TION. [Fr. _calibre_, the bore of a gun; prob. L. _qu[=a] libr[=a]_, with what weight, or from Ar. _q[=a]lib_, a form.]

CALICO, kal'i-k[=o], _n._ a cotton cloth, first brought from _Calicut_ in India: plain white unprinted cotton cloth, bleached or unbleached: coarse printed cotton cloth.--_adj._ made of calico: spotted--_n._ CAL'ICO-PRINT'ER, one employed in printing calicoes.

CALID, kal'id, _adj._ warm.--_n._ CALID'ITY. [L. _calidus_, hot.]

CALIF, CALIPH, k[=a]'lif, or kal'if, _n._ the name assumed by the successors of Mohammed.--_ns._ CAL'IFATE, CAL'IPHATE, the office, rank, or government of a calif. [Fr.--Ar. _khal[=i]fah_, a successor.]

CALIGINOUS, kal-ij'en-us, _adj._ dim, obscure, dark.--_n._ CALIGINOS'ITY. [L. _caliginos-us_.]

CALIGRAPHY. See under CALLIGRAPHY.

CALIPASH, kal'i-pash, _n._ the part of a turtle close to the upper shell, consisting of a fatty gelatinous substance of a dull greenish colour.--_n._ CAL'IPEE, the white portion from the belly--a fatty gelatinous substance of a light-yellowish colour. [Prob. corr. of West Ind. words.]

CALIPERS, kal'i-p[.e]rz, CALIPER-COMPASSES, kal'i-p[.e]r-kum'pasez, _n.pl._ compasses with legs suitable for measuring the inside or outside diameter of bodies. [Corr. of CALIBER.]

CALIPH, CALIPHATE. See CALIF.

CALIPPIC, kal-ip'ik, _adj._ four Metonic cycles less one day, or seventy-six years. [From the Greek astronomer _Callipus_, a contemporary of Aristotle.]

CALISAYA, kal-i-s[=a]'ya, _n._ a variety of Peruvian bark.

CALIVER, kal'i-v[.e]r, _n._ (_Shak._) a kind of light musket. [Same as CALIBRE.]

CALIX. See CALYX.

CALIXTIN, CALIXTINE, kal-iks'tin, _adj._ of or belonging to the more moderate party among the Hussites, so called from their demanding the cup (L. _calix_) as well as the bread for the laity--also called U'TRAQUISTS (L. _uterque_, both).--_n._ a follower of the Syncretist Lutheran divine, George _Calixtus_ (1586-1656).

CALK. See CAULK.

CALK, kawk, _n._ a pointed piece of iron on a horse-shoe to prevent slipping--also CALK'IN and CALK'ER.--_v.t._ to provide a shoe with a calk. [L. _calc-em_, _calx_, a heel.]

CALK, CALQUE, kawk, _v.t._ to chalk, as the back of a drawing, &c., in order to transfer it, to copy by tracing.--_n._ CALK'ING, the copying of a picture by means of tracing.

CALL, kawl, _v.i._ to cry aloud (with _out_; _to_, _after_, _at_, _up_, _down_): to make a short visit (with _upon_, _for_, _at_).--_v.t._ to name: to summon: to appoint or proclaim: to designate or reckon: to select for a special office, as in 'called to be an apostle,' 'to be called to the bar:' (_coll._) to call bad names to some one.--_n._ a summons or invitation: an impulse: a demand: a short visit: a shrill whistle: the cry of a bird: admission to the rank of barrister: an invitation to the pastorate of a congregation, also the written form of such with appended list of names of persons concurring: (_coll._) occasion, cause.--_ns._ CALL'-AT-LARGE, a form of pastoral call sometimes adopted by a presbytery where a congregation is not unanimous, in which the name of the person to be called is not inscribed beforehand, and names cannot be adhibited by mandate; CALL'-BIRD, a bird trained to allure others into snares; CALL'-BOY, a boy who waits upon the prompter in a theatre, and calls the actors when wanted on the stage; CALL'ER, one who pays a short visit; CALL'ING, that station to which a person is called by Providence to fill: one's trade, profession, or occupation; CALL'ING-CRAB, a popular name for the fiddler-crab, which waves its larger claw when disturbed; CALL'-NOTE, the note by which a bird or beast calls its young.--CALL ATTENTION TO, to point out; CALL AWAY, to divert the mind; CALL BACK, to recall; CALL FOR, to ask loudly: claim; CALL FORTH, to bring or summon to action; CALL FOR TRUMPS, to lay down such cards at whist as will induce one's partner to lead a trump; CALL IN, to bring in from outside, as the notes in circulation, &c.; CALL IN QUESTION, to challenge; CALL OFF, to summon away; CALL ON, or UPON, to invoke, appeal to; CALL OUT, to challenge to fight, esp. a duel: to summon to service, bring into operation; CALL OVER, to read aloud a list; CALL TO ACCOUNT, to summon to render an account; CALL UP, to summon from beneath, or to a tribunal. [A.S. _ceallian_; Ice. _kalla_, Dut. _kallen_.]

CALL, kawl, _n._ (_Spens._) a caul or cap.

CALLANT, k[:a]l'ant, _n._ a lad. [A modern Scotch word; Dut. _kalant_.]

CALLER, kal'[.e]r, _adj._ fresh: (_Scot._) cool. [Prob. the same as CALVER.]

CALLET, kal'et, _n._ (_Shak._) a scold, a woman of bad character, a trull. [Prob. Fr. _caillette_, a frivolous gossip; or prob. the Gael. _caille_, girl, may be related.]

CALLID, kal'id, _adj._ shrewd.--_n._ CALLID'ITY, shrewdness. [L. _callidus_, expert.]

CALLIGRAPHY, CALIGRAPHY, kal-lig'ra-fi, _n._ fine penmanship; characteristic style of writing.--_adjs._ CALLIGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_ns._ CALLIG'RAPHIST, CALLIG'RAPHER. [Gr., _kalos_, beautiful, _graphein_, to write.]

CALLIOPE, kal-[=i]'o-pe, _n._ the muse of epic poetry: an instrument producing musical notes by means of steam-whistles, played by a keyboard. [Gr.]

CALLIPERS. Same as CALIPERS.

CALLISTHENICS, kal-is-then'iks, _n.pl._ exercises for the purpose of promoting gracefulness as well as strength of body.--_adj._ CALLISTHEN'IC. [Gr. _kalos_, beautiful, _sthenos_, strength.]

CALLOUS, kal'us, _adj._ hardened: unfeeling or insensible.--_n._ CALLOS'ITY, a hard swelling on the skin.--_adv._ CALL'OUSLY.--_n._ CALL'OUSNESS. [L. _callosus_--_callus_, hard skin.]

CALLOW, kal'[=o], _adj._ not covered with feathers: unfledged, unbearded: inexperienced: low-lying and liable to be submerged.--_n._ an alluvial flat. [A.S. _calu_; Ger. _kahl_, L. _calvus_, bald.]

CALLUS, kal'us, _n._ a thickening of the skin: a term employed in old surgical works for the exuded material by which fractures of bones are consolidated together. [L.]

CALM, k[:a]m, _adj._ still or quiet: serene, tranquil.--_n._ absence of wind--also in _pl._: repose: serenity of feelings or actions.--_v.t._ to make calm: to quiet.--_ns._ CALM'ANT, CALM'ATIVE--in medical language.--_adjs._ CALM'ATIVE, CALM'ANT, CALMED, CALM'Y (_Spens._)--_adv._ CALM'LY.--_n._ CALM'NESS. [Fr. _calme_ (It. _calma_), from Low L. _cauma_--Gr. _kauma_, noonday heat--_kai-ein_, to burn.]

CALMUCK. See KALMUCK.

CALOMEL, kal'[=o]-mel, _n._ the popular name of one of the compounds of mercury and chlorine, much used in medicine. [Fr. _calomel_, which Littr['e] derives from Gr. _kalos_, fair, _melas_, black.]

CALORIC, ka-lor'ik, _n._ heat: the supposed principle or cause of heat.--_n._ CALORES'CENCE, the transmutation of heat rays into luminous rays.--_adj._ CALORIF'IC, causing heat: heating.--_ns._ CALORIFIC[=A]'TION; CALORIM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the specific heat of a body; CALORIM'ETRY, the art or process of measuring heat; CAL'ORIST, one who held heat to be a subtle fluid called caloric; CAL'ORY, the usually accepted thermal unit, being the quantity of heat necessary to raise the temperature of a kilogram of water from 0deg to 1deg centigrade. [Fr. _calorique_, formed by Lavoisier from L. _calor_, heat.]

CALOTTE, kal-ot', _n._ a plain skull-cap or coif worn by R.C. clergy. [Fr.]

CALOTYPE, kal'[=o]-t[=i]p, _n._ a kind of photography.--_n._ CAL'OTYPIST, one who makes calotypes. [Gr. _kalos_, beautiful, _typos_, an image. Name given in 1840 by W. H. Fox Talbot (1800-77) to his method of photographing by the action of light on nitrate of silver.]

CALOYER, ka-loi'[.e]r, _n._ a Greek monk, esp. of the order of St Basil. [Fr.,--It.--Late Gr. _kalog[=e]ros_, _kalos_, beautiful, _g[=e]ros_, aged.]

CALP, kalp, _n._ the name applied in Ireland to beds of shale, sandstone, &c. containing thin seams of coal.

CALPAC, CALPACK, kal'pak, _n._ a triangular felt cap, worn by Turks and Tartars. [Turk.]

CALQUE. See CALK (3).

CALTROP, kal'trop, _n._ an instrument armed with four spikes, so arranged that one always stands upright, used to obstruct the progress of an enemy's cavalry, or of besiegers of a fortification.--Also CAL'TRAP. [A.S. _coltetraeppe_, _calcatrippe_--L. _calc-em_, heel, _trappa_, a trap.]

CALUMBA, ka-lum'ba, _n._ the root of an East African plant, extensively used in medicine as a stomachic and tonic. [From _Colombo_ in Ceylon.]

CALUMET, kal'[=u]-met, _n._ the 'peace pipe' of the North American Indians, a tobacco-pipe having a stem of reed or painted wood about 2-1/2 feet long, decorated with feathers, with a large bowl, usually of soap-stone. [_Calumet_ is a Norman name for a shepherd's pipe (Fr. _chalumeau_--L. _calamellus_, _calamus_), given by the early French settlers from its resemblance.]

CALUMNY, kal'um-ni, _n._ false accusation: slander.--_v.t._ CALUM'NI[=A]TE, to accuse falsely: to slander.--_v.i._ to spread evil reports.--_ns._ CALUM'NI[=A]TION; CALUM'NI[=A]TOR.--_adjs._ CALUM'NI[=A]TORY, CALUM'NIOUS, of the nature of calumny: slanderous.--_adv._ CALUM'NIOUSLY.--OATH OF CALUMNY, a method in the law of Scotland for the prevention of calumnious and unnecessary suits, by which both parties at the beginning of a cause swear, either by themselves or their counsel, that the facts set forth by them are true--usual only in actions of divorce, &c. [L. _calumnia_, prob. for _calvomnia_, from _calvi_, _calv[)e]re_, to deceive.]

CALVARY, kal'va-ri, _n._ the name of the place where Jesus was crucified: (_R.C._) a series of representations of the various scenes of Christ's crucifixion: an eminence crowned with one or three crosses bearing life-size figures of Jesus and the two thieves. [The Anglicised form of the Vulgate _calvaria_, which was the L. rendering of the Gr. _kranion_, as that again of the Aramaic _gogulth[=o]_ or _gogolth[=a]_ (Heb. _gulg[=o]leth_--Graecised form _golgotha_), all three words meaning skull.]

CALVE, k[:a]v, _v.i._ to bring forth a calf. [A.S. _cealfian_. See CALF.]

CALVERED, kal'verd, _p.adj._ from obsolete verb CAL'VER, to prepare salmon or other fish when freshly caught. [Prob. the same as Scot. _Caller_.]

CALVINISM, kal'vin-izm, _n._ the doctrines of the great Genevan religious reformer, John _Calvin_ (1509-1564), as these are given in his _Institutio_, esp. as regards particular election, predestination, the incapacity for true faith and repentance of the natural man, efficacious grace, and final perseverance.--_n._ CAL'VINIST, one who holds the doctrines of Calvin.--_adjs._ CALVINIST'IC, -AL, pertaining to Calvin or Calvinism.

CALVITIES, kal-vish'i-[=e]z, _n._ baldness. [L.,--_calvus_, bald.]