Part 14

ARCHIVOLT, [:a]r'ki-volt, _n._ the band or moulding which runs round the lower part of the archstones of an arch. [Fr. _archivolte_, It. _archivolto_--L. _arcus_, an arch, _volta_, a vault.]

ARCHOLOGY, [:a]rk-ol'oj-i, _n._ (_rare_) doctrine of the origin of things: the science of government. [Gr. _arch[=e]_, beginning, _logos_, discourse.]

ARCHON, [:a]rk'on, _n._ one of nine chief magistrates of ancient Athens.--_ns._ ARCH'ONSHIP, the office of an archon; ARCH'ONTATE, the archon's tenure of office. [Gr. _arch-ein_, to be first, to rule.]

ARCHWISE, [:a]rch'w[=i]z, _adv._ in the form of an arch. [ARCH, and WISE, way.]

ARCTIC, [:a]rk'tik, _adj._ relating to the constellation the Great Bear, or to the north, used figuratively to express extreme cold.--ARCTIC CIRCLE, a circle drawn round the North Pole, at a distance of 23-1/2 degrees. [O. Fr. _artique_--L. _arcticus_--Gr. _arktikos_--_arktos_, a bear.]

ARCTURUS, [:a]rk-t[=u]'rus, _n._ the Bear-ward, a yellow star in the northern hemisphere, fourth in order of brightness in the entire heavens. [Gr. _arktouros_--_arktos_, a bear, and _ouros_, ward, guard (from its situation at the tail of the bear).]

ARCUATE, [:a]r'k[=u]-[=a]t, ARCUATED, [:a]r'k[=u]-[=a]t-ed, _adj._ bent in the form of a bow.--_n._ ARCU[=A]'TION. [L. _arcuatus_, pa.p. of _arcu-[=a]re_, to bend like a bow--_arcus_, a bow.]

ARCUBALIST. See ARBALEST.

ARDEB, [:a]r'deb, _n._ an Egyptian dry measure of 5-1/2 bushels. [Ar. _irdab_.]

ARDENT, [:a]rd'ent, _adj._ burning: fiery: passionate: zealous: fervid.--_adv._ ARD'ENTLY.--_n._ ARD'OUR, warmth of passion or feeling: eagerness: enthusiasm (with _for_)--also ARD'ENCY.--ARDENT SPIRITS, distilled alcoholic liquors, whisky, brandy, &c. The use of the word as = 'inflammable, combustible,' is obsolete, except in this phrase. [L. _ardent-em_, _ard[=e]-re_, to burn.]

ARDUOUS, [:a]rd'[=u]-us, _adj._ deep, difficult to climb: difficult to accomplish: laborious.--_adv._ ARD'UOUSLY.--_n._ ARD'UOUSNESS. [L. _arduus_, high; cog. with Celt. _ard_, high.]

ARE, ar, _n._ the unit of the French land measure, containing 100 sq. metres = 119.6 English sq. yards. [Fr.--L. _area_.]

ARE, [:a]r, the plural of the present indicative of the verb _To be_. [Old Northumbrian _aron_, of Scand. origin. This form ousted the older A.S. _sind_, _sindon_. Both are cog. with Sans. _s-anti_, Gr. _eis-in_, L. _sunt_, Ger. _s-ind_.]

AREA, [=a]'r[=e]-a, _n._ any plane surface or enclosed space: the sunken space around the basement of a building: (_fig._) extent conceived by the mind: (_geom._) the superficial contents of any figure. [L. _area_.]

AREAD, AREDE, a-r[=e]d', _v.t._ (_obs._) to make known, utter: guess: interpret, explain: to counsel, advise. [A.S. _ar['e]dan_. See READ.]

AREAR, a-r[=e]r', _adv._ in the rear. [A.S. pfx. _a-_, on, to, and REAR.]

ARECA, ar'[=e]-ka, _n._ a genus of palm, one species of which, the Betel-nut Palm, or Penang Palm (_Areca catechu_), bears nuts with austere and astringent properties, which are chewed by the Malays with a little lime in a leaf of the betel-pepper, making the lips and spittle red.

AREFACTION, ar-e-fak'shun, _n._ (_obs._) the action of drying.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ AR'EFY, to dry up, wither. [L. _arefac[)e]re_, to make dry--_ar[=e]re_, to be dry, and _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

ARENA, a-r[=e]'na, _n._ part of the ancient amphitheatre strewed with sand for the combats of gladiators and wild beasts: any place of public contest: a battlefield: place of action of any kind.--_adj._ AREN[=A]'CEOUS, sandy: dry: (_geol._) applied to rocks composed entirely or largely of grains of quartz.--_ns._ AREN[=A]'RIA, the sandwort, a genus of low herbs allied to the chickweeds; AREN[=A]'TION, the application of hot sand to the body as a remedy. [L. _ar[=e]na_, sand.]

AREOGRAPHY, [=a]-re-[=o]'gra-fi, _n._ description of the physical features of the planet Mars. [Gr. _Ar[=e]s_, Mars, and _graphein_, to write.]

AREOLA, a-r[=e]'o-la, _n._ a small area: (_bot._) any slightly sunk spot, on the surface: (_physiol._) the interstice in the tissue of an organised substance: any circular spot such as that around the human nipple:--_pl._ AR[=E]'OLAE.--_adj._ AR[=E]'OLATE, divided into small areas.--_n._ AREOL[=A]'TION, division into areolae. [L. _areola_, a dim. of AREA.]

AREOMETER, ARAEOMETER, [=a]-re-om'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for determining specific gravity, called also _Hydrometer_.--_n._ AREOM'ETRY, the measuring the specific gravity of bodies. [Gr. _araios_, thin, and METER.]

AREOPAGUS, ar-e-op'ag-us, _n._ Mars' Hill, on which the supreme court of ancient Athens was held: the court itself: also used of any important tribunal.--_n._ AREOP'AGITE, a member of the Areopagus.--_adj._ AREOPAGIT'IC, pertaining to the Areopagus.--_n._ a speech on the model of Isocrates's oration of that name addressed to the Areopagus. [Gr. _Areios pagos_, hill of Ares, or Mars.]

ARET, ARETTE, a-ret', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to entrust, commit a charge to. [O. Fr. _arete-r_, _[`a]_-, to, _reter_--L. _reput[=a]re_, to reckon.]

AR[^E]TE, ar-[=a]t', _n._ a sharp ridge: esp. in French Switzerland, a rocky edge on a mountain. [Fr.--L. _arista_, an ear of corn, fish-bone, spine.]

AREW, a-r[=oo]', _adv._ (_Spens._) arow, in a row.

ARGAL, ar'gal, _adv._ (_Shak._) corruption of L. _ergo_, therefore: hence as a noun = a clumsy piece of reasoning.

ARGALI, [:a]r'ga-li, _n._ the great wild sheep of Siberia and Central Asia. [Mongol.]

ARGAND, ar'gand, _n._ applied to a lamp and gas-burner invented by Aim['e] _Argand_ (1755-1803).

ARGENT, [:a]rj'ent, _adj._ and _n._ silver, or like silver, silvery-white: (_her._) the silver or white colour in armorial bearings: (_poet._) esp. in compounds like _argent_-clear, _argent_-lidded.--_adjs._ ARGENT'AL; ARGENTIF'EROUS, bearing or containing silver; AR'GENTINE, relating to or like silver: sounding like silver.--_n._ (_nat. hist._) white metal coated with silver: a genus of small bony fishes with silvery sides, fished for the nacre which they contain. [Fr.--L. _argentum_, silver.]

ARGIL, [:a]r'jil, _n._ potter's clay: pure clay or alumina.--_adjs._ ARGILL[=A]'CEOUS, of the nature of clay; ARGILLIF'EROUS, bearing or abounding in clay. [L. _argilla_, Gr. _argilos_, white clay--_arg[=e]s_, white.]

ARGIVE, ar'j[=i]v, _adj._ belonging to _Argos_: Greek.

ARGOL, [:a]r'gol, _n._ a hard crust formed on the sides of wine-vessels, from which cream of tartar and tartaric acid are obtained--generally of a reddish tinge. [Prob. conn. with Gr. _argos_, white.]

ARGON, ar'gon, _n._ a constituent element of our atmosphere, discovered in 1894 by Rayleigh and Ramsay.

ARGONAUT, [:a]r'go-nawt, _n._ one of those who sailed in the ship _Argo_ in search of the golden fleece: also (_nat. hist._) a name of the nautilus, a mollusc of the octopod type.--_adj._ ARGONAUT'IC. [Gr. _Arg[=o]_, and _naut[=e]s_, a sailor.]

ARGOSY, [:a]r'go-si, _n._ a large merchant-vessel richly laden, esp. those of Ragusa and Venice: also figuratively. [The forms _ragosie_, _rhaguse_, used equally with _argosie_, _argosey_, &c., point to the derivation from It. _Ragusea_, a ship belonging to Ragusa, a great medieval port on the Adriatic, spelt in 16th-cent. English as _Aragouse_, _Arragosa_.]

ARGOT, [:a]r'go, or [:a]r'got, _n._ slang, originally that of thieves and vagabonds: cant. [Fr.; of unknown origin.]

ARGUE, [:a]rg'[=u], _v.t._ prove or evince: to prove by argument: to discuss: (_obs._) to accuse.--_v.i._ to offer reasons: to dispute (with _against_, _for_, _with_, _about_):--_pr.p._ arg'[=u]ing; _pa.p._ arg'[=u]ed.--_adj._ ARG'[=U]ABLE, capable of being argued.--_n._ ARG'[=U]ER, one who argues: a reasoner.--TO ARGUE (a person) INTO, or OUT OF, to persuade him into, or out of, a certain course of action. [O. Fr. _arguer_--L. _argut[=a]re_, freq. of _argu[)e]re_, to prove.]

ARGUFY, [:a]rg'[=u]-f[=i], _v.i._ to be evidence of something: to be of importance: to argue, wrangle.--_v.t._ to weary with wrangling. [Illiterate corr. of ARGUE.]

ARGUMENT, [:a]rg'[=u]-ment, _n._ a statement, or reason based on such, offered as proof: a series of reasons or a step in such: discussion: subject of a discourse: summary of the subject-matter of a book: (_obs._) matter of controversy.--_adjs._ ARGUMENT'ABLE, ARGUMENT'AL.--_n._ ARGUMENT[=A]'TION, an arguing or reasoning.--_adj._ ARGUMENT'ATIVE.--_adv._ ARGUMENT'ATIVELY.--_n._ ARGUMENT'ATIVENESS. [L. _argumentum_. See ARGUE.]

ARGUMENTUM, [:a]rg-[=u]-ment'um, _n._ an argument.--The following are forms of _indirect_ argument:--ARGUMENTUM AD HOMINEM, an appeal to the known prepossessions or previous admissions of an opponent; ARGUMENTUM AD IGNORANTIAM, an argument founded on the ignorance of an opponent; ARGUMENTUM AD INVIDIAM, an argument appealing to the prejudices of the person addressed; ARGUMENTUM AD JUDICIUM, an appeal to the common-sense of mankind; ARGUMENTUM AD VERECUNDIAM, an appeal to our reverence for some respected authority; ARGUMENTUM BACULINUM, the argument of the cudgel--most concise of arguments, an appeal to force; ARGUMENTUM PER IMPOSSIBILE, or _Reductio ad absurdum_, the proof of a conclusion derived from the absurdity of a contradictory supposition.--For the _Ontological_, _Cosmological_, _Teleological_, and _Moral_ arguments in Theism, see under these adjectives.

ARGUS, [:a]rg'us, _n._ any very quick-eyed or watchful person, from _Argus_, described in Greek mythology as having had a hundred eyes, some of which were always awake: a genus of gallinaceous birds, remarkable for magnificence of plumage--the only known species, the ARGUS PHEASANT, native to Sumatra, &c. [Gr.--_argos_, bright.]

ARGUTE, [:a]r-g[=u]t', _adj._ shrill in sound: keen: shrewd.--_adv._ ARGUTE'LY.--_n._ ARGUTE'NESS. [L. _argutus_.]

ARGYRIA, ar-jir'i-a, _n._ silver poisoning. [Gr. _argyros_, silver.]

ARIA, [=a]'ri-a, _n._ an air or rhythmical song introduced in a cantata, oratorio, or opera, and intended for one voice supported by instruments. [It., from root of AIR.]

ARIAN, [=a]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Arius_ of Alexandria (died 336), who denied the divinity of Christ.--_n._ one who adheres to the doctrines of Arius: a Unitarian.--_v.t._ A'RIANISE.--_n._ A'RIANISM, the doctrines of the Arians.

ARID, ar'id, _adj._ dry: parched.--_ns._ ARID'ITY, AR'IDNESS. [L. _aridus_.]

ARIEL, [=a]'ri-el, _n._ a man's name in the Old Testament, variously explained as 'lion of God,' 'hearth of God:' in later demonology, a water-spirit: an angel: a spirit of the air. [Heb. _ari[=e]l_.]

ARIEL, [=a]'ri-el, _n._ a species of gazelle in Western Asia. [Ar. _aryil_.]

ARIES, [=a]'ri-[=e]z, _n._ the Ram, the first of the signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters on 21st M_arch._ [L.]

ARIETTA, ar-i-et'ta, _n._ a little aria or air.--Also ARIETTE'. [It. _arietta_, dim. of _aria_.]

ARIGHT, a-r[=i]t', _adv._ in a right way: rightly.

ARIL, ar'il, ARILLUS, a-ril'lus, _n._ a peculiar covering of the seed of some plants, formed by an expansion of the cord (_funiculus_) which attaches the ovule to the placenta, or of the placenta itself.--_adjs._ AR'ILLARY, AR'ILLATED, having an aril. [Low L. _arillus_.]

ARIMASPIAN, ar-im-as'pi-an, _adj._ pertaining to the _Arimaspi_, described by Herodotus as a one-eyed and fierce people inhabiting the most northern region in the world, waging perpetual warfare with the neighbouring griffins for their hoarded gold.

ARIOT, [:a]-r[=i]'ot, _adv._ in riot, riotously.

ARIPPLE, [:a]-rip'l, _adv._ in a ripple, rippling.

ARISE, a-r[=i]z', _v.i._ to rise up: to come up so as to be heard: to ascend: to come into view: to spring:--_pa.t._ arose'; _pa.p._ aris'en. [Pfx. _a-_, up, out, and RISE.]

ARISTARCH, ar'is-t[:a]rk, _n._ a severe critic. [From _Aristarchus_, a grammarian of Alexandria about 160 B.C.]

ARISTATE, a-ris't[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) having awns. [L. _arista_, an awn.]

ARISTOCRACY, ar-is-tok'ras-i, _n._ government by the men of best birth or condition: political power of a privileged order: the nobility or chief persons of a state: the upper classes generally, also the persons noted for superiority in any quality, taken collectively--also ARISTARCH'Y (_rare_).--_n._ ARISTOCRAT (ar'is-to-krat, or ar-is'-), one who belongs to or favours an aristocracy: a haughty person.--_adjs._ ARISTOCRAT'IC, -AL, belonging to aristocracy: gentlemanly, stylish.--_adv._ ARISTOCRAT'ICALLY.--_n._ ARISTOCRAT'ISM. [Gr. _aristos_, best, and _kratos_, power.]

ARISTOLOCHIA, ar-is-t[=o]-l[=o]'ki-a, _n._ a genus of shrubs, many climbers, specially abundant in tropical South America. [Gr.; _aristos_, best, _locheia_, child-birth, the roots of several species being formerly thought useful in parturition.]

ARISTOTELIAN, ar-is-to-t[=e]'li-an, _adj._ relating to _Aristotle_ or to his philosophy.

ARITHMANCY, ar'ith-man-si, _n._ divination by numbers.--Also ARITH'MOMANCY. [Gr. _arithmos_, number, and _manteia_, divination.]

ARITHMETIC, ar-ith'met-ik, _n._ the science of numbers: the art of reckoning by figures: a treatise on reckoning.--_adj._ ARITHMET'ICAL.--_adv._ ARITHMET'ICALLY.--_n._ ARITHMETIC'IAN, one skilled in arithmetic--ARITHMETICAL PROGRESSION, a series of numbers that increase or diminish by a common difference, as 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22; or 12, 10-1/2, 9, 7-1/2, 6. To find the sum of such a series, multiply the sum of the first and last terms by half the number of terms. [Gr. _arithm[=e]tik[=e]_ (_techn[=e]_, art), relating to numbers--_arithmos_, number.]

ARITHMOCRACY, ar-ith-mok'ras-i, _n._ a democracy of mere numbers.--_adj._ ARITHMOCRAT'IC. [A coinage of Kingsley--Gr. _arithmos_, number, _kratia_, rule.]

ARITHMOMETER, ar-ith-mom'et-[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for working out arithmetical calculations. [Gr. _arithmos_, number, _metron_, measure.]

ARK, [:a]rk, _n._ a chest or coffer: in Jewish history, the wooden coffer in which the Tables of the Law were kept--hence TO TOUCH or LAY HANDS ON THE ARK, to touch irreverently what is sacred (2 Sam. vi. 6): a large floating vessel, like that in which Noah escaped the Deluge (Gen. vi.-viii.).--_adj._ and _n._ ARK'ITE. [A.S. _arc_--L. _arca_, a chest--_arc[=e]re_, to guard.]

ARLES, [:a]rlz, or [=a]rlz, _n._ earnest money given in confirmation of a bargain, or of the engagement of a servant.--_ns._ ARLE'-PEN'NY, ARLES'-PEN'NY. [Scot. and northern Eng.; M. E. _erles_--O. Fr. _erres_ (mod. Fr. _arrhes_)--L. _arrha_.]

ARM, [:a]rm, _n._ the limb extending from the shoulder to the hand: anything projecting from the main body, as an inlet of the sea, a rail or support from a chair, sofa, or the like: one of the branches into which a main trunk divides: (_fig._) power.--_ns._ ARM'-CHAIR, a chair with arms; ARM'FUL; ARM'-HOLE, the hole in a garment through which the arm is put.--_adv._ ARM'-IN-ARM, with arms interlinked, in close communion.--_adj._ ARM'LESS.--_ns._ ARM'LET, a bracelet; ARM'-PIT, the pit or hollow under the shoulder.--AT ARM'S LENGTH, away from any friendliness or familiarity.--RIGHT ARM, the main support or assistant; SECULAR ARM, the secular or temporal authority, as distinguished from the spiritual or ecclesiastical.--WITH OPEN ARMS, with hearty welcome. [A.S.; cog. with L. _armus_, the shoulder-joint, Gr. _harmos_, a joint.]

ARM, [:a]rm, _n._ a weapon: a branch of the military service:--_pl._ ARMS, weapons of offence and defence: war, hostilities: deeds or exploits of war: armorial ensigns.--_v.t._ ARM, to furnish with arms or weapons: to fortify.--_v.i._ to take arms.--_n._ AR'MATURE, armour: any apparatus for defence: a piece of iron connecting the poles of a bent magnet.--_adj._ ARMED ([:a]rmd, or arm'ed), furnished with arms: provided with means of defence: (_bot._) having prickles or thorns: (_her._) having part of the body different in colour from the rest, as a beak, claws, &c. of a bird.--_n.pl._ FIRE'ARMS, such weapons as employ gunpowder, as guns and pistols.--_n._ MAN'-AT-ARMS, a fully equipped and practised fighting man.--_n.pl._ SMALL'-ARMS, such as do not require carriages, as opposed to artillery.--ARMED TO THE TEETH, completely armed.--COLLEGE OF ARMS, the Heralds' College, which grants armorial bearings.--IN ARMS WITH, quartered with; OF ALL ARMS, of every kind of troops; STAND OF ARMS, a complete equipment of arms for one soldier.--THE ARMED EYE, strengthened with a magnifying-glass, as opp. to _naked eye_.--TO LAY DOWN ARMS, to surrender or submit; UP IN ARMS, in readiness to fight. [Through Fr. from L. _arma_; cog. with ARM.]

ARMADA, [:a]rm-[=a]'da, _n._ a fleet of armed ships, esp. the self-styled _Invincible_ Armada sent by Philip II. against England in 1588. [Sp.--L. _armata_, _armare_, to arm.]

ARMADILLO, [:a]rm-a-dil'o, _n._ a small American edentate quadruped, having its body armed with bands of bony plates:--_pl._ ARMADILL'OS. [Sp., dim. of _armado_, armed.]

ARMAGEDDON, [:a]r-mag-ed'on, _n._ the great symbolical battlefield of the Apocalypse, in which the final struggle between the powers of good and evil is to be fought out. [The name was no doubt suggested by the famous battlefield of _Megiddo_, in the plain of Esdraelon.]

ARMAMENT, [:a]rm'a-ment, _n._ forces armed or equipped for war: munitions of war, esp. the great guns with which a ship is armed. [L. _armamenta_--_arma_.]

ARMENIAN, ar-m[=e]'ni-an, _adj._ belonging to _Armenia_, in Western Asia: belonging to the Armenian branch of the Christian Church.--_n._ a native of Armenia.

ARMET, [:a]r'met, _n._ a helmet introduced about 1450 in place of the basinet, consisting of an iron cap, spreading over the back of the neck, having in front the visor, beaver, and gorget. [Fr.]

ARMGAUNT, [:a]rm'g[:a]nt, _adj._ (_Shak._ once, _Ant. and Cleop._ I. v. 48), with gaunt limbs (?). The word has not been satisfactorily explained, and is most likely an error.

ARMIGER, [:a]r'mi-j[.e]r, _n._ an armour-bearer: one entitled to a coat-of-arms: an esquire--also ARMI'GERO (_Shak._).--_adj._ ARMI'GEROUS. [L.; _arma_, arms, _ger[)e]re_, to bear.]

ARMILLARY, [:a]r'mil-lar-i, or [:a]r-mil'lar-i, _adj._ resembling an armlet or bracelet: consisting of rings or circles.--_n._ ARMIL'LA, in archaeology, a bracelet: one of the coronation ornaments: the regalia.--ARMILLARY SPHERE, an instrument constructed to show the motions of the heavenly bodies. [L. _armilla_, an _armlet_. See ARM (1).]

ARMINIAN, ar-min'yan, _n._ a follower of _Arminius_ (1560-1609), a Dutch divine, who denied the Calvinistic doctrine of absolute predestination, as well as irresistible grace.--_adj._ holding the doctrines of Arminius.--_n._ ARMIN'IANISM.

ARMIPOTENT, [:a]rm-ip'[=o]-tent, _adj._ powerful in arms. [L. _arma_, arms, _potens_, _-entis_, powerful.]

ARMISTICE, [:a]rm'ist-is, _n._ a short suspension of hostilities: a truce. [Fr.--Low L. _armistitium_, from L. _arma_, arms, _sist[)e]re_--_stitum_, to stop.]

ARMOIRE, arm'war, _n._ an ambry or cupboard. [Fr.]

ARMORIC, ar-mor'ik, _n._ the language of the inhabitants of _Armorica_, the ancient name for Brittany. [L. _Armoricus_--Celt. _are-mor_, before the sea.]

ARMOUR, [:a]rm'ur, _n._ defensive arms or dress: heraldic insignia: plating of ships of war.--_adj._ ARM[=O]'RIAL, belonging to armour, or to the arms of a family.--_ns._ ARM'OUR-BEAR'ER; ARM'OURER, a maker or repairer of, or one who has the charge of, armour.--_adj._ ARM'OUR-PLAT'ED.--_ns._ ARM'OURY, ARM'ORY, the place in which arms are made or kept: a collection of ancient armour; COAT'-ARM'OUR, originally a vest of silk embroidered in colours, worn by a knight over his armour. [See ARM (2).]

ARMOZEEN, ARMOZINE, [:a]r-mo-z[=e]n', _n._ a kind of taffeta or plain silk, usually black, used for clerical gowns. [Fr. _armoisin_.]

ARMY, [:a]rm'i, _n._ a large body of men armed for war and under military command: a body of men banded together in a special cause, whether travestying military methods, as the 'Salvation Army,' or not, as the 'Blue Ribbon Army:' a host: a great number.--_ns._ ARM'Y-CORPS (-k[=o]r), a main division of an army, a miniature army comprising all arms of the service; ARM'Y-LIST, a list of all commissioned officers, issued periodically by the War Office; ARM'Y-WORM, a European grub which collects in vast armies. [Fr. _arm['e]e_--L. _armata_, _arm[=a]re_.]

ARNICA, [:a]r'ni-ka, _n._ a genus of composite plants, of which the species _A. montana_, or Mountain Tobacco, formerly enjoyed a great repute in medicine as a stimulant in paralytic affections, low fevers, &c.--its flowers still yield a tincture externally applied to wounds and bruises. [Mod. L.; origin unknown.]

ARNOTTO, ar-not'to. See ANATTA.

AROINT, a-roint', _interj._ (_Shak._) away! begone! used only twice in the phrase, '_Aroint_ thee, witch:' to bid begone (_arch._ usage in Browning).--_v.t._ to drive or frighten away. [Origin unknown; perh. in some provincialism, like the Yorkshire _rynd-ta_, 'round-thee,' 'move-round,' spoken to a cow in her stall.]

AROMA, a-r[=o]'ma, _n._ sweet smell: the odorous principle of plants: (_fig._) flavour or peculiar charm of any kind.--_adj._ AROMAT'IC, fragrant: spicy.--_v.t._ AR[=O]'MATISE, to render aromatic: to perfume:--_pr.p._ ar[=o]'matising; _pa.p._ ar[=o]'matised. [Through Fr. and L. from Gr. _ar[=o]ma_.]

AROSE, a-r[=o]z', _pa.t._ of ARISE.

AROUND, a-rownd', _prep._ on all sides of: (_Amer._) round about.--_adv._ on every side: in a circle: (_Amer._) round, all about, [_a_, on, and ROUND.]

AROUSE, a-rowz', _v.t._ and _v.i._ same as ROUSE.--_ns._ AROUSE, AROUS'AL (_rare_).

AROW, a-r[=o]', _adv._ in a row: one following the other. [Prep. _a_, and ROW.]

AROYNT. Same as AROINT.

ARPEGGIO, [:a]r-pej'[=o], _n._ (_mus._) a chord of which the notes are given, not simultaneously, but in rapid succession. [It. _arpeggiare_, to play upon the harp--_arpa_, harp.]

ARPENT, [:a]r'pent, _n._ an old French measure for land still used in Quebec and Louisiana = 100 sq. perches, varying with the perch from 1-1/4 acre to 5/6 of an acre. [Fr.--L. _arepennis_, said to be a Gallic word.]

ARQUEBUSE, [:a]r'kwi-bus, _n._ an old-fashioned hand-gun--also HAR'QUEBUS.--_n._ ARQUEBUSIER'. [Fr. _arquebuse_--Dut. _haakbus_--_haak_, hook, and _bus_, box, barrel of a gun; Ger. _hakenb[:u]chse_.]

ARRACACHA, ar-a-kach'[:a], _n._ an umbelliferous plant with esculent roots, native to the northern parts of South America. [Native Ind. name.]

ARRACK, ar'ak, _n._ an ardent spirit used in the East, procured from _toddy_ or the fermented juice of the coco and other palms, as well as from rice and _jaggery_ sugar. [Ar. _`araq_, juice.]

ARRAH, ar'a, _interj._ Anglo-Irish expletive of emotion, wonder, &c.

ARRAIGN, ar-r[=a]n', _v.t._ to call one to account: to put a prisoner upon trial: to accuse publicly.--_ns._ ARRAIGN'ER; ARRAIGN'ING; ARRAIGN'MENT. [O. Fr. _aresnier_--Low L. _arration[=a]re_--L. _ad_, to, _rationem_, reason.]

ARRANGE, ar-r[=a]nj', _v.t._ to set in a rank or row: to put in order: to settle: (_mus._) to adapt a composition for instruments or voices for which it was not originally written, as when orchestral or vocal compositions are set for the pianoforte, or the reverse.--_v.i._ to come to an agreement.--_n._ ARRANGE'MENT, act of arranging: classification: settlement. [O. Fr. _arangier_--_[`a]_ (--L. _ad_, to), and _rangier_, _rengier_. See RANGE.]

ARRANT, ar'rant, _adj._ downright, notorious (used in a bad sense): unmitigated.--_adv._ AR'RANTLY. [A variant of ERRANT. From its use in phrases like 'arrant thief,' it passed naturally into a general term used with other terms of abuse.]

ARRAS, ar'ras, _n._ tapestry: a hanging screen of such hung round the walls of rooms.--_p.adj._ AR'RASED, covered with arras.--_n._ AR'RASENE, an embroidery material of wool and silk stitched in like crewels. [From _Arras_ in Northern France, where first manufactured.]

ARRAUGHT, ar-rawt', _adj._ (_Spens._) seized on by force:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of ARREACH. [See REACH.]

ARRAY, ar-r[=a]', _n._ order: dress: equipage.--_v.t._ to put in order: to arrange: to dress, adorn, or equip. [O. Fr. _arroi_, array, equipage--L. _ad_, and a Teut. root, found in Eng. READY, Ger. _bereit_, A.S. _ger['ae]de_, preparation, Dan. _rede_, order.]

ARREAR, ar-r[=e]r', _n._ that which is in the rear or behind: that which remains unpaid or undone (used mostly in _pl._).--_adv._ ARREAR', backward, behind.--_n._ ARREAR'AGE (_Shak._), arrears. [O. Fr. _arere_, _ariere_ (Fr. _arri[`e]re_)--L. _ad_, to, _retro_, back, behind.]

ARRECT, a-rekt', _adj._ upright: erected, as the ears: on the alert. [L. _arrectus_.]

ARREST, ar-rest', _v.t._ to stop: to seize: to catch the attention: to apprehend by legal authority.--_n._ stoppage: seizure by warrant.--_adj._ ARREST'ABLE, liable to be arrested.--_n._ ARREST[=A]'TION, the act of arresting: arrest.--_adj._ ARREST'IVE, with a tendency to arrest.--_n._ ARREST'MENT (_law_), detention of a person arrested till liberated on bail, or by security: (_Scots law_) the process which prohibits a debtor from making payment to his creditor until another debt due to the person making use of the arrestment by such creditor is paid. [O. Fr. _arester_--L. _ad_, to, _rest[=a]re_, to stand still.]

ARRET, ar-ret', or a-r[=a]', _n._ decision: judgment of a tribunal--properly of the king or parliament of France. [Fr. _arr[^e]t_. See ARREST.]

ARRIDE, a-r[=i]d', _v.t._ (_Lamb_) to please, gratify. [L. _arrid[=e]-re_.]

ARRI[`E]RE-BAN, [:a]r'yer-b[:a]n, or [:a]-r[=e]r'ban, _n._ in feudal times, the sovereign's summons to all freemen to take the field: the army thus collected. [O. Fr. _ariereban_, Old High Ger. _hari_, army, and _ban_, public proclamation.]

ARRIS, ar'ris, _n._ a sharp ridge or edge on stone or metal. [See AR[^E]TE.]

ARRIVE, ar-r[=i]v', _v.i._ to reach any place: to attain to any object (with _at_).--_ns._ ARR[=I]V'AL, the act of arriving: persons or things that arrive; ARR[=I]V'ANCE (_Shak._), company arriving. [O. Fr. _ariver_--Low L. _adrip[=a]re_--L. _ad_, to, _ripa_, a bank.]

ARROBA, a-r[=o]'ba, _n._ a weight of 25 or more pounds, used in Spanish and Portuguese regions. [Ar.]

ARROGATE, ar'rog-[=a]t, _v.t._ to claim as one's own: to claim proudly or unduly.--_ns._ AR'ROGANCE, AR'ROGANCY, undue assumption of importance.--_adj._ AR'ROGANT, claiming too much: overbearing.--_adv._ AR'ROGANTLY.--_n._ ARROG[=A]'TION, act of arrogating: undue assumption. [L. _arrog[=a]re_--_ad_, to, _rog[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to ask, to claim.]

ARRONDISSEMENT, ar-ron'd[=e]s-m[:a]ng, _n._ a subdivision of a French department, comprising a number of communes. [Fr.--_arrondir_, to make round.]

ARROW, ar'r[=o], _n._ a straight, pointed weapon, made to be shot from a bow: any arrow-shaped pin or ornament: the chief shoot of a plant, esp. the flowering stem of the sugar-cane.--_n._ AR'ROW-HEAD, the head or pointed part of an arrow: an aquatic plant native to England, with arrow-shaped leaves rising above the water--reputed good for hydrophobia.--_adj._ AR'ROW-HEAD'ED, shaped like the head of an arrow.--_n._ AR'ROW-SHOT, the distance traversed by an arrow.--_adj._ AR'ROWY, of or like arrows. [A.S. _earh_, _arwe_; cog. with L. _arcus_; akin to Ice. _[:o]r_, _[:o]rvar_.]

ARROWROOT, ar'r[=o]-r[=oo]t, _n._ a starch obtained from the roots of certain plants growing chiefly in West Indies, and much used as food for invalids and children. [Said to be so named because used by the Indians of South America as an antidote against wounds caused by poisoned _arrows_.]

'ARRY, ar'i, _n._ a jovial vulgar fellow who drops his h's:--_fem._ 'AR'RIET.--_adj._ 'AR'RYISH, in holiday spirits. [From the vulgar Cockney pronunciation of _Harry_.]

ARSE, [:a]rs, _n._ the posterior parts of an animal.--_adv._ and _adj._ ARS'Y-VERS'Y, backside foremost, contrary. [A.S. _ears_; Ger. _arsch_, Sw. _ars_; cog. with Gr. _orros_.]