Part 49

CLASS, klas, _n._ a rank or order of persons or things: high rank or social standing: a number of students or scholars who are taught together: a scientific division or arrangement: the position in order of merit of students after examination.--_v.t._ to form into a class or classes: to arrange methodically.--_v.i._ to take rank.--_adjs._ CLASS'ABLE, CLASS'IBLE, capable of being classed.--_ns._ CLASS'-FELL'OW, CLASS'-MATE, a pupil in the same class at school or college; CLASS'IC, any great writer or work: a student of the ancient classics: a standard work: (_pl._) Greek, Roman, and modern writers of the first rank, or their works.--_adjs._ CLASS'IC, -AL, of the highest class or rank, esp. in literature: originally and chiefly used of the best Greek and Roman writers: (as opposed to _Romantic_) like in style to the authors of Greece and Rome: chaste, refined, in keeping with classical art: famous for literary or historical reasons.--_ns._ CLASSICAL'ITY, CLASS'ICALNESS, the quality of being classical.--_adv._ CLASS'ICALLY.--_ns._ CLASS'ICISM, a classical idiom; CLASS'ICIST, one versed in the classics, or devoted to their being retained in education; CLASS'-LEAD'ER, the leader of a class in a Methodist church; CLASS'MAN, one who has gained honours of a certain class at the Oxford examinations--opp. to _Passman_.--CLASSIC RACES, the five chief annual horse-races--the Two Thousand, One Thousand, Derby, Oaks, and St Leger.--TAKE A CLASS, to take honours in an examination, as opposed to the mere 'pass.' [Fr. _classe_--L. _classis_, cog. with L. _cal[=a]re_, Gr. _kalein_.]

CLASSIFY, klas'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to make or form into classes: to arrange:--_pr.p._ class'ifying; _pa.p._ class'ified.--_adjs._ CLASSIF[=I]'ABLE, capable of being classified; CLASSIF'IC, denoting classes.--_n._ CLASSIFIC[=A]'TION, act of forming into classes: distribution into classes.--_adj._ CLASS'IFIC[=A]TORY.--_n._ CLASS'IF[=I]ER. [L. _classis_, and _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

CLASSIS, klas'is, _n._ a group: judicatory. [L.]

CLASTIC, klas'tik, _adj._ breaking into fragments, fragmental. [Gr. _klastos_--_klan_, to break.]

CLATCH, klach, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to daub.--_n._ mire, anything for daubing.

CLATCH, klach, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to finish carelessly, to botch.--_n._ a piece of work spoiled or botched.

CLATCH, klach, _n._ (_Scot._) a kind of gig.

CLATHRATE, klath'r[=a]t, _adj._ latticed--also CLATH'ROID.--_adjs._ CLATH'ROSE, crossed by deep rectangular furrows; CLATH'RULATE, finely clathrate. [L. _clath-r[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to furnish with a lattice--Gr. _kl[=e]thra_, a lattice.]

CLATTER, klat'[.e]r, _n._ a repeated rattling noise: a repetition of abrupt, sharp sounds: noisy talk: (_Burns_) gossip.--_v.i._ to make rattling sounds: to rattle with the tongue: to talk fast and idly.--_v.t._ to strike so as to produce a rattling.--_adv._ CLATT'ERINGLY. [Acc. to Skeat, _clatter_ = _clacker_, a freq. of CLACK.]

CLAUDE LORRAINE GLASS, _n._ a convex mirror, usually coloured, employed for viewing landscape. [Named after the painter _Claude Lorraine_ (1600-82).]

CLAUDIAN, klaw'di-an, _adj._ pertaining to the Roman emperors of the _Claudian_ gens (Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero), or their period (14-68 A.D.).

CLAUDICATION, klaw-di-k[=a]'shun, _n._ a halting, a limp. [L.,--_claudus_, lame.]

CLAUGHT, kl[:a]ht, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to snatch.--_n._ a hold, catch. [Cf. CLEEK.]

CLAUSE, klawz, _n._ a sentence or part of a sentence: an article or part of a contract, will, &c.--_adj._ CLAUS'ULAR, pertaining to, or consisting of, a clause or clauses. [Fr. _clause_--L. _clausus_--_claud[)e]re_, to shut.]

CLAUSTRAL, klaws'tral, _adj._ cloistral, secluded, pertaining to a claustrum.--_ns._ CLAUSTR[=A]'TION, the act of shutting in a cloister; CLAUSTROPH[=O]'BIA, a morbid dread of confined places.--_adj._ CLAUSTROPHOB'IC.

CLAUSTRUM, klaws'trum, _n._ a thin layer of gray matter in the substance of the hemispheres of the brain:--_pl._ CLAUS'TRA. [L.]

CLAUT, klat, _n._ a kind of rake: (_Scot._) what is raked, a rakeful.--_v.t._ to scratch, claw.--_n.pl._ CLATS, slops.--_adj._ CLAT'TY, dirty. [Perh. conn. with CLAW.]

CLAVATE, -D, kl[=a]'v[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._) club-shaped: gradually thickening to the top.--_n._ CLAV[=A]'TION, articulation in a socket.--_adjs._ CLAV'ELLATE, having club-shaped processes; CLAV'IFORM, in the form of a club.--_n._ CLAV'IGER, a club-bearer.--_adj._ CLAVIG'EROUS, club-bearing. [From L. _clava_, a club.]

CLAVE, kl[=a]v, _pa.t._ of CLEAVE.

CLAVECIN, klav'e-sin, _n._ a harpsichord.--_n._ CLAV'ECINIST (_Browning_), a player on the clavecin. [Fr. _clavecin_--L. _clavis_, a key.]

CLAVER, kl[=a]'v[.e]r, _n._ idle talk, gossip.--_v.i._ to talk idly. [Scotch; der. uncertain; cf. Gael. _clabaire_.]

CLAVICHORD, klav'i-kord, _n._ an obsolete musical instrument, of the same form as the _Harpsichord_ and _Spinet_.--_n._ CLAV'IHARP, a harp struck with keys like a piano. [L. _clavis_, a key, _chorda_, a string.]

CLAVICLE, klav'i-kl, _n._ an important part of the pectoral girdle of vertebrates, best known in the collar-bone of man and in the merry-thought of birds--also CLAVIC'ULA.--_adj._ CLAVIC'ULAR. [Fr. _clavicule_--L. _clavicula_, dim. of _clavis_, a key.]

CLAVICORN, klav'i-korn, _adj._ having clavate antennae.--_n._ a member of the _Clavicornia_, a group of _Coleoptera_ or beetles. [L. _clava_, a club, _cornu_, a horn.]

CLAVIER, kla-v[=e]r', _n._ the keyboard of a musical instrument: a stringed instrument, esp. the pianoforte. [Fr.,--L. _clavis_, a key.]

CLAVIS, kl[)a]'vis, _n._ a key, hence a clue or aid for solving problems, interpreting a cipher, &c.:--_pl._ CL[=A]'VES.--_n._ CLAV'IGER, one who keeps a key, a custodian.--_adj._ CLAVIG'EROUS, keeping keys. [L., a key.]

CLAW, klaw, _n._ the hooked nail of a beast or bird: the whole foot of an animal with hooked nails: anything like a claw: an instrument shaped like a claw.--_v.t._ to scratch or tear as with the claws or nails: to scrape; to seize: (_fig._) to flatter, fawn on.--_n._ CLAW'BACK, a toady, flatterer.--_adj._ CLAWED, having claws.--_ns._ CLAW-HAMM'ER, a hammer with one part of the head divided into two claws, with which to extract nails; CLAW'-HAMM'ER-COAT, a facetious name for a dress-coat.--_adj._ CLAW'LESS.--CLAW ME AND I'LL CLAW THEE, favour me and I shall do you good in return. [A.S. _clawu_; cog. with Ger. _klaue_; akin to CLEAVE, to stick.]

CLAY, kl[=a], _n._ a tenacious ductile earth: earth in general: the human body: short for clay-pipe, a tobacco-pipe made of baked clay.--_v.t._ to purify with clay, as sugar.--_adjs._ CLAY'-BRAINED (_Shak._), stupid; CLAY'-COLD, cold as clay, lifeless.--_n._ CLAY'-EAT'ER, one addicted to chewing a fatty clay--in Brazil and elsewhere.--_adjs._ CLAYED, clay-like; CLAY'EY, made of clay: covered with clay.--_n._ CLAY'-GROUND, ground consisting mainly of clay.--_adj._ CLAY'ISH, of the nature of clay.--_ns._ CLAY'-MARL, a whitish chalky clay; CLAY'-MILL, a mill for preparing clay; CLAY'-SLATE, an argillaceous rock, splitting readily into thin sheets; CLAY'STONE, one of the concretionary nodules in alluvial deposits.--WET ONE'S CLAY, to drink. [A.S. _claeg_; cf. Dan. _klaeg_, Ger. _klei_.]

CLAYMORE, kl[=a]'m[=o]r, _n._ a large sword formerly used by the Scottish Highlanders, the old Celtic one-handed, two-edged longsword, now applied inaccurately to the basket-hilted sword of the officers of Highland regiments. [Gael. _claidheamh-mor_--Gael. and Ir. _claidheamh_, sword, _mor_, great.]

CLEAN, kl[=e]'n, _adj._ free from dirt, stain, or whatever defiles: pure: guiltless: neat: complete.--_adv._ quite: entirely: cleverly.--_v.t._ to make clean, or free from dirt.--_ns._ CLEAN'OR, that which cleans; CLEAN'ING, the act of making clean.--_adj._ CLEAN'-LIMBED, having well-proportioned limbs: smart.--_n._ CLEAN'LINESS.--_adj._ CLEAN'LY, clean in habits or person: pure: neat.--_adv._ in a cleanly manner.--_n._ CLEAN'NESS.--_adj._ CLEAN'-TIM'BERED (_Shak._), well-proportioned.--CLEAN BILL OF HEALTH (see BILL OF HEALTH).--HAVE CLEAN HANDS, to be free from the guilt of wrong-doing.--MAKE A CLEAN BREAST OF, to own up frankly, to confess fully; SHOW A CLEAN PAIR OF HEELS, to escape by running.--THE CLEAN THING, the right thing to do. [A.S. _cl['ae]ne_; W., Gael. _glan_, shine, polish; Ger. _klein_, small.]

CLEANSE, klenz, _v.t._ to make clean or pure.--_adj._ CLEANS'ABLE.--_ns._ CLEANS'ER, one who, or that which, cleanses; CLEANS'ING, purification.

CLEAR, kl[=e]r, _adj._ pure, bright, undimmed: free from obstruction or difficulty: plain, distinct: without blemish, defect, drawback, or diminution: conspicuous: transparent.--_adv._ in a clear manner: plainly: wholly: quite.--_v.t._ to make clear: to empty: to free from obscurity, obstruction, or guilt: to free, acquit, or vindicate; to leap, or pass by or over; to make profit: to settle a bill.--_v.i._ to become clear: to grow free, bright, or transparent.--_ns._ CLEAR'AGE, a piece of land cleared; CLEAR'ANCE, act of clearing: removal of hinderances: a certificate that a ship has been cleared at the custom-house--that is, has satisfied all demands and procured permission to sail.--_adjs._ CLEAR'-EYED, clear-sighted, discerning; CLEAR'-HEAD'ED, having a clear understanding, sagacious.--_ns._ CLEAR'ING, the act of making clear: a tract of land cleared of wood, &c., for cultivation: a method by which bankers exchange cheques and drafts, and arrange the differences; CLEAR'ING-HOUSE, a place in London where such clearing business is done; CLEAR'ING-NUT, the seed of _Strychnos potatorum_, used in the East Indies for clearing muddy water.--_adv._ CLEAR'LY, in a clear manner: distinctly.--_ns._ CLEAR'NESS; CLEAR'-OBSCURE' (see CHIAROSCURO).--_adj._ CLEAR'-SIGHT'ED, having clearness of sight: discerning.--_ns._ CLEAR'-SIGHT'EDNESS; CLEAR'-STARCH'ER, a laundress; CLEAR'-STARCH'ING, the act of stiffening linen with clear starch; CLEAR-STORY (see CLERESTORY).--CLEAR OUT, to be off; CLEAR THE WAY, to make the way open; CLEAR UP, to become clear. [Fr. _clair_--L. _clarus_, clear.]

[Illustration]

CLEAT, kl[=e]t, _n._ a wedge: a piece of wood nailed across anything to keep it in its place or give it an additional strength: a piece of wood fastened on parts of a ship, and having holes or recesses for fastening ropes.--_v.t._ to strengthen with a cleat. [From a supposed A.S. _cl['e]at_; cf. Dut. _kloot_; Dan. _klode_; Ger. _kloss_.]

CLEAVE, kl[=e]v, _v.t._ to divide, to split: to separate with violence: to go through: to pierce.--_v.i._ to part asunder: to crack:--_pr.p._ cleav'ing; _pa.t._ cl[=o]ve or cleft; _pa.p._ clov'en or cleft.--_adj._ CLEAV'ABLE, capable of being cleft.--_ns._ CLEAV'AGE, a condition of rocks in which they split easily into thin plates; CLEAV'ER, one who or that which cleaves: a butcher's chopper; CLEAV'ERS, CLIV'ERS, goose-grass--_Galium aperine_, diuretic and sudorific.--_adj._ CLEAV'ING, splitting. [A.S. _cle['o]fan_; cog. with Ger. _klieben_.]

CLEAVE, kl[=e]v, _v.i._ to stick or adhere: to unite:--_pr.p._ cleav'ing; _pa.t._ cleaved or cl[=a]ve; _pa.p._ cleaved.--_n._ CLEAV'ING, the act of adhering. [A.S. _clifian_; cog. with Ger. _kleben_, Dut. _kleven_.]

CLECH['E], klesh'[=a], _adj._ (_her._) voided or hollowed throughout, as a cross showing only a narrow bolder. [Fr.]

CLECK, klek, _v.t._ to hatch.--_n._ CLECK'ING, a brood. [Scot.,--Ice. _klekja_; cf. Dan. _klaekke_, to hatch.]

CLEDDYO, kled'y[=o], _n._ an antique leaf-shaped bronze Celtic sword. [W. _cleddeu_, _cleddyf_; L. _gladius_.]

CLEEK, kl[=e]k, _n._ a large hook for catching hold of something, used in fishing, &c.: an iron-headed golf-club: a peg.--_v.t._ to seize, snatch. [M. E. _kleken_; perh. related to CLUTCH.]

CLEF, klef, _n._ a musical character placed on the staff by which the absolute pitch of the notes is fixed. [Fr., from L. _clavis_; Gr. _kleis_, a key.]

CLEFT, kleft, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of CLEAVE.

CLEFT, kleft, _n._ an opening made by cleaving or splitting: a crack, fissure, or chink.--Also CLIFT (_B._). [Cf. Ger. _kluft_, Dan. _klyft_, a hole.]

CLEFT-PALATE. See PALATE.

CLEG, kleg, _n._ the gadfly, horse-fly. [Ice. _kleggi_.]

CLEM, klem, _v.i._ and _v.t._ to starve. [Prov. Eng. _clam_; Ger. _klemmen_, to pinch.]

CLEMATIS, klem'a-tis, _n._ a creeping plant, called also _Virgin's Bower_ and _Traveller's Joy_. [L.,--Gr. _kl[=e]matis_--_kl[=e]ma_, a twig.]

CLEMENT, klem'ent, _adj._ mild: gentle: kind: merciful.--_ns._ CLEM'ENCE (_Spens._), CLEM'ENCY, the quality of being clement: mildness: readiness to forgive.--_adv._ CLEM'ENTLY. [Fr.,--L. _clemens_.]

CLENCH, klensh. Same as CLINCH.

CLEPE, kl[=e]p, _v.t._ (_arch._) to call: to name.--_pa.p._ YCLEPT. [A.S. _clipian_, to call.]

CLEPSYDRA, klep'si-dra, _n._ an instrument used by the Greeks and Romans for measuring time by the trickling of water. [L.,--Gr. _klepsydra_--_kleptein_, _klepsein_, to steal, _hyd[=o]r_, water.]

CLERESTORY, CLEAR-STORY, cl[=e]r-st[=o]'ri, _n._ an upper row of windows rising above the adjoining parts of the building, probably so named as admitting _clearness_ or light--esp. applied to the windows in the upper part of the central nave of churches.

CLERGY, kl[.e]r'ji, _n._ the ministers of the Christian religion, as holders of an allotted office, in contradistinction to the laity.--_adjs._ CLER'GYABLE, CLER'GIABLE, entitled to or admitting of the benefit of clergy.--_ns._ CLER'GYMAN, one of the clergy, a regularly ordained minister; CLER'GY-WOM'AN, a woman belonging to a clergyman's family.--_adjs._ CLER'IC, -AL, belonging to the clergy: pertaining to a clerk.--_ns._ CLER'IC, a clergyman; CLER'ICALISM, undue influence of the clergy, sacerdotalism; CLER'ICATE, clerical position; CLERIC'ITY, state of being a clergyman; CLER'ISY, the class of learned men, scholars.--CLERGYMAN'S SORE THROAT, chronic pharyngitis.--BENEFIT OF CLERGY, originally an exemption of clergymen, in certain cases, from criminal process before a secular judge, but later covering the first offence of all who could read.--BLACK CLERGY, in Russia, the regular or monastic, as distinct from the secular or parochial, clergy. [Fr. _clerg['e]_--L.,--Gr. _kl[=e]rikos_, from _kl[=e]ros_, a lot, then the clergy.]

CLERK, kl[:a]rk, or klerk, _n._ a clergyman or priest: a scholar: one who leads the responses in the English Church service: in common use, one employed as a writer, assistant, copyist, account-keeper, or correspondent in an office.--_v.i._ to act as clerk.--_adj._ CLER'ICAL, pertaining to a clerk or copyist, as in 'clerical error.'--_ns._ CLERK'DOM, CLERK'SHIP; CLERK'ERY, CLERK'AGE, the work of a clerk.--_adjs._ CLERK'ISH, like a clerk; CLERK'LESS, ignorant; CLERK'-LIKE, scholarly.--_n._ CLERK'LING, a young clerk.--_adj._ CLERK'LY, scholarly.--_adv._ in a scholar-like or learned manner.--CLERK OF THE WEATHER, an imaginary functionary facetiously supposed to direct the weather.--BIBLE CLERK, a scholar who reads the lessons in some college chapels. [A.S. _clerc_, a priest--Late L. _clericus_. See CLERGY.]

CLEROMANCY, kler'o-man-si, _n._ divination by lots. [Gr. _kl[=e]ros_, lot, _manteia_, divination.]

CLER-STORY, an obsolete form of CLERESTORY.

CLEUCH, Cleugh, kl[=u]h, _n._ a ravine with steep and precipitous sides. [Scotch form of CLOUGH.]

CLEVE, kl[=e]v, _n._ cliff: hillside. [Now rare. M. E. _cleof_, a variant of CLIFF.]

CLEVER, klev'[.e]r, _adj._ able or dexterous: ingenious: skilful: (_U.S._) good-natured.--_ns._ CLEVERAL'ITY, CLEV'ERNESS.--_adj._ CLEV'ERISH, somewhat clever.--_adv._ CLEV'ERLY. [Ety. dub.]

CLEW, CLUE, kl[=oo], _n._ a ball of thread, or the thread in it: a thread that guides through a labyrinth: anything that solves a mystery: the corner of a sail.--_v.t._ to coil up into a clew or ball: to truss or tie up sails to the yards.--_n._ CLEW'-GAR'NET (_naut._), a tackle for clewing up the smaller square sails for furling.--_n.pl._ CLEW'-LINES, ropes on the smaller square sails by which they are clewed up for furling. [A.S. _cliwen_; cf. Dut. _kluwen_; Ger. _kn[:a]uel_.]

CLICH['E], kl[=e]-sh[=a]', _n._ the impression made by a die in any soft metal: an electrotype or stereotype plate. [Fr.,--_clicher_, to stereotype.]

CLICK, klik, _n._ a short, sharp clack or sound: anything that makes such a sound, as a small piece of iron falling into a notched wheel: a latch for a gate.--_v.i._ to make a light, sharp sound.--_ns._ CLICK'-CLACK, a continuous clicking noise; CLICK'ER, the compositor who distributes the copy among a companionship of printers, makes up pages, &c.: one who cuts up leather for the uppers and soles of boots and shoes; CLICK'ING, the

## action of the verb. [Dim. of CLACK.]

CLIENT, kl[=i]'ent, _n._ one who employs a lawyer: a dependent.--_n._ CL[=I]'ENTAGE, the whole number of one's clients: the client's relation to the patron.--_adj._ CL[=I]ENT'AL.--_ns._ CL[=I]'ENTELE, a following: the whole connection of a lawyer, shopkeeper, &c.; CL[=I]'ENTSHIP. [L. _cliens_, for _cluens_, one who hears or listens (to advice), from _clu[=e]re_, to hear.]

CLIFF, klif, _n._ (_mus._). Same as CLEF.

CLIFF, klif, _n._ a high steep rock: the steep side of a mountain.--_adjs._ CLIFFED, CLIFF'Y, having cliffs: craggy. [A.S. _clif_; Dut. _clif_; Ice. _klif_.]

CLIFT. See CLEFT (2).

CLIFT, klift, _n._ same as CLIFF, the form arising under the influence of CLEFT.--_adjs._ CLIFT'ED, CLIFT'Y, broken into cliffs.

CLIMACTERIC, klim-ak-t[.e]r'ik, or klim-ak't[.e]r-ik, _n._ a critical period in human life, in which some great bodily change is supposed to take place: a critical time.--_adj._ pertaining to such a period: critical.--_adj._ CLIMACTER'ICAL.--THE GRAND CLIMACTERIC, the sixty-third year, supposed to be a critical period for men. [Gr. _klimakt[=e]r_--_klimax_, a ladder.]

CLIMATE, kl[=i]'m[=a]t, _n._ the condition of a country or place with regard to temperature, moisture, &c.: (_fig._) character of something.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to remain in a certain place.--_adjs._ CL[=I]'MATAL, CLIMAT'IC, -AL, relating to climate.--_v.t._ CL[=I]'MATISE (see ACCLIMATISE).--_adj._ CLIMATOGRAPH'ICAL.--_n._ CLIMATOG'RAPHY, a description of climates.--_adj._ CLIMATOLOG'ICAL, relating to climatology.--_ns._ CLIMATOL'OGIST, one skilled in the science of climatology; CLIMATOL'OGY, the science of climates, or an investigation of the causes on which the climate of a place depends; CL[=I]'MATURE (_Shak._), climate. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _klima_, _klimatos_, slope--_klinein_, to slope.]

CLIMAX, kl[=i]'maks, _n._ (_rhet._) the arranging of the particulars of a portion of a discourse so as to rise in strength to the last: the last term of the rhetorical arrangement: a culmination.--_v.i._ to ascend in a climax: to culminate.--_adjs._ CLIMACT'IC, -AL, pertaining to a climax.--_adv._ CLIMACT'ICALLY. [Gr. _klimax_, a ladder--from _klinein_, to slope.]

CLIMB, kl[=i]m, _v.i._ or _v.t._ to ascend or mount by clutching with the hands and feet: to ascend with difficulty: to mount.--_adj._ CLIMB'ABLE, capable of being climbed.--_ns._ CLIMB'ER, one who or that which climbs: (_pl._) an old-fashioned popular title for several orders of birds whose feet are mainly adapted for climbing: (_bot._) those plants which, having weak stems, seek support from other objects, chiefly from other plants, in order to ascend from the ground; CLIMB'ING. [A.S. _climban_; cf. Ger. _klimmen_; conn. with CLAMBER and CLEAVE, to stick.]

CLIME, kl[=i]m, _n._ a country, region, tract. [A variety of CLIMATE.]

CLINAMEN, klin-[=a]'men, _n._ inclination. [L. _clin[=a]re_, to incline.]

CLINANTHIUM, klin-an'thi-um, _n._ the receptacle in a composite plant. [Gr. _klin[=e]_, a bed, _anthos_, a flower.]

CLINCH, klinsh, CLENCH, klensh, _v.t._ to fasten or rivet a nail by bending the point and beating the bent part flat against the object through which the nail was driven: to grasp tightly: to set firmly, as the teeth: to fasten on: (_fig._) to drive home an argument: to settle or confirm.--_n._ something set firmly: the fastening of a nail by beating it back, as in the verb: a pun.--_n._ CLINCH'ER, one that clinches: a decisive argument.--_adj._ CLINCH'ER-BUILT (same as CLINKER-BUILT).--_n._ CLINCH'ER-WORK, the disposition of the side planks of a vessel, when the lower edge of one row overlaps the row next under it. [Causal form of _klink_, to strike smartly; Dut. and Ger. _klinken_, to rivet a bolt.]

CLING, kling, _v.i._ to adhere or stick close by winding round: to adhere in interest or affection: to remain by an opinion: of wood, to shrink.--_v.t._ to attach: to shrivel:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ clung.--_n._ adherence.--_adjs._ CLING'STONE, having the pulp adhering firmly to the stone (of peaches)--opp. to _Freestone_; CLING'Y, sticky. [A.S. _clingan_, to shrivel up, to draw together.]

CLINIC, -AL, klin'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to a bed: (_med._) applied to instruction given in hospitals at the bedside of the patient.--_n._ CLIN'IC, one confined to bed by sickness: the teaching of medicine or surgery practically at the bedside of the patient--also CLIN'IQUE.--_adv._ CLIN'ICALLY.--CLINICAL BAPTISM, baptism administered to persons on their sick-bed; CLINICAL CONVERT, one converted on his death-bed; CLINICAL MEDICINE, or SURGERY, medicine or surgery as taught by clinics, a CLINICAL LECTURE being one delivered to students at the bedside of the sick. [Gr. _klinikos_--_klin[=e]_, a bed, from _klinein_, to recline.]

[Illustration]

CLINK, klingk, _n._ a ringing sound made by the striking together of sounding bodies: jingle.--_v.t._ to cause to make a ringing sound.--_v.i._ to ring or jingle: to go with a clinking sound.--_n._ CLINK'ER, the name given to the scales or globules of black oxide of iron, obtained from red-hot iron under the blows of a hammer: the slags of iron furnaces: the cindery-like masses which form the crust of some lava-flows.--_adj._ CLINK'ER-BUILT, made of planks which overlap each other below (as distinguished from carvel-built) and are fastened together with clinched nails.--_n._ CLINK'STONE, a greenish-gray or brownish compact, or very finely crystalline igneous rock, splitting into slabs, which give a metallic clink when struck by a hammer. [A form of CLICK and CLANK.]

CLINK, klingk, _v.t._ to clinch: to rivet. [Scot. for CLINCH.]

CLINOMETER, kl[=i]-nom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the angle of inclination or dip of a stratum.--_adj._ CLINOMET'RIC.--_n._ CLINOM'ETRY. [Gr. _klinein_, to incline, _metron_, a measure.]

CLINQUANT, klingk'ant, _adj._ shining like tinsel: glittering.--_n._ tinsel: glitter. [Fr.,--Dut. _klinken_, to clink.]

CLIO, kl[=i]'o, _n._ the muse of history and epic poetry: (_zool._) a genus of shell-less molluscs in the class of Pteropods, swarming in northern and southern seas, and named by the whalers 'whales' food,' one species of which constitutes a principal part of the food of whales. [Gr. _kleein_, to call.]

CLIP, klip, _v.t._ to cut by making the blades of shears meet: to cut off: to debase the coin by cutting off the edges: to diminish.--_v.i._ to go quickly:--_pr.p._ clip'ping; _pa.p._ clipped.--_n._ the thing clipped off, as the wool that has been shorn off sheep: a smart blow.--_adj._ CLIPPED, cut short.--_ns._ CLIP'PER, one that clips: a sharp-built, fast-sailing vessel: (_slang_) a dashing person; CLIP'PING, the act of cutting, esp. debasing coin by cutting off the edges: the thing clipped off.--_adj._ superb: fast-going.--CLIP THE WINGS, to cut a bird's wings to prevent it from flying: (_fig._) to restrain ambition: to deprive of the means of rising. [Prob. from Ice. _klippa_, to cut; Dan. _klippe_.]

CLIP, klip, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to embrace: to encircle: to hold firmly.--_n._ an instrument for holding things firm. [A.S. _clyppan_, to embrace; Ice. _kl['y]pa_, to pinch; Ger. _kluppe_, pincers.]

CLIQUE, kl[=e]k, _n._ a group of persons in union for a purpose: a party or faction: a gang--used generally in a bad sense.--_adj._ CLIQU'ISH, relating to a clique.--_ns._ CLIQU'ISHNESS; CLIQU'ISM, tendency to form cliques. [Fr.; prob. from root of _click_, and so = a noisy conclave. Acc. to Littr['e], orig. in sense of CLAQUE.]

CLISH-CLASH, klish'-klash, CLISHMACLAVER, klish'makl[=a]v'[.e]r, _n._ gossip. [Scot.]

CLISTOGAMY, klis-tog'a-mi, _n._ a peculiar dimorphism in the flowers of a plant when these do not expand and are systematically close or self-fertilised.--_adjs._ CLISTOG'AMOUS, CLISTOGAM'IC. [Gr. _kleistos_, closed, _gamos_, marriage.]

CLITELLUM, kli-tel'um, _n._ the saddle of an annelid, as the earthworm:--_pl._ CLITELL'A. [L.]

CLITHRAL, klith'ral, _adj._ with a roof that forms a complete covering. [Gr.]

CLITORIS, kl[=i]'t[=o]-ris, _n._ a homologue of the penis present, as a rudimentary organ, in the female of many higher vertebrates.--_ns._ CL[=I]'TORISM; CLITOR[=I]'TIS. [Gr.]

CLITTER, klit'[.e]r, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to make, or cause to make, a shrill rattling noise.--_n._ CLITT'ER-CLATT'ER, idle talk, chatter. [Related to CLATTER.]

CLIVERS. Same as CLEAVERS (q.v. under CLEAVE).

CLOACA, kl[=o]-[=a]'ka, _n._ a sewer: a privy: a cavity in birds and reptiles, in which the intestinal and urinary ducts terminate: a sink of moral filth:--_pl._ CLOACAE (kl[=o]-[=a]'s[=e]).--_adjs._ CLO[=A]'CAL, CLO[=A]'CINAL. [L. _clo[=a]ca_--_clu[)e]re_, to purge.]

CLOAK, CLOKE, kl[=o]k, _n._ a loose outer garment: a covering: that which conceals: a disguise, pretext.--_v.t._ to clothe with a cloak: to cover: to conceal.--_ns._ CLOAK'-BAG (_obs._), a portmanteau; CLOAK'-ROOM, a room set apart for keeping cloaks, coats, hats, &c., at a theatre, railway station, &c. [O. Fr. _cloke_, _cloque_--Low L. _cloca_, a bell, also a horseman's cape, because bell-shaped, from root of CLOCK.]

CLOAM, kl[=o]m, _n._ and _adj._ earthenware, clay, or made of such. [A.S. _cl['a]m_, mud. See CLAY.]

CLOBBER, klob'[.e]r, _n._ a paste used by shoemakers to hide the cracks in leather. [Ety. dub.]

CLOCK, klok, _n._ a machine for measuring time, marking the time by the position of its 'hands' upon the dial-plate, or by the striking of a hammer on a bell: (_Shak._) the striking of the hour.--_n._ CLOCK'WORK, the works or machinery of a clock: machinery steady and regular like that of a clock.--_adj._ automatic.--GO LIKE CLOCKWORK, to go along smoothly and without a hitch.--KNOW WHAT O'CLOCK IT IS, to be wide awake, to know how things are. [M. E. _clokke_, prob. through O. Fr. from Low L. _cloca_, _clocca_, a bell; mod. Fr. _cloche_, Dut. _klok_; Ger. _glocke_, a bell.]

CLOCK, klok, _n._ an ornament worked on the side of a stocking.--_adj._ CLOCKED, ornamented with clocks.

CLOCK, klok, _n._ a beetle--common name in Scotland.

CLOCK, klok, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to cluck: to hatch.--_n._ CLOCK'ER, a clocking hen. [A.S. _cloccian_; Dut. _klokken_.]

CLOD, klod, _n._ a thick round mass or lump, that sticks together, esp. of earth or turf: a concreted mass: the ground: the body of man, as formed of clay: a stupid fellow.--_v.t._ to pelt.--_v.i._ to throw clods: (_Scot._) to throw:--_pr.p._ clod'ding; _pa.p._ clod'ded.--_adjs._ CLOD'DISH; CLOD'DY, abounding in clods: earthy.--_n._ CLOD'HOPPER, a countryman: a peasant: a dolt.--_adj._ CLODHOP'PING, boorish.--_adv._ CLOD'LY.--_ns._ CLOD'PATE, CLOD'POLL, a stupid fellow.--_adj._ CLODPAT'ED, stupid. [A later form of CLOT.]

CLOFF, klof, _n._ a cleft. [Cf. Ice. _klof_.]

CLOFF, klof, _n._ an allowance, on buying goods wholesale, of 2 lb. in every 3 cwt., after tare and tret have been deducted. [Der. unknown.]