Chapter I

. It was one of those commemorative and representative of the

death of Osiris, of his mutilation, mummification and burial. Prescriptions for carrying it out are found in the great text at Denderah, published by Dümichen and Mariette, and translated by Brugsch, and Loret, and (in part) by Dümichen.

_Tenait_ is also the name of certain days of the month, and (Teta, 229) of the fifth hour of the day.

15. _The bolts made fast on the gateways._ The Pyramid Texts on behalf of the deceased invoke the ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂, ‘the bolt which closes the gateway of Heaven,’ with a prayer that it may open to him (Teta, 235, compare line 200).

16. _He who lulleth me_, ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂. The word is here in the dual, as corresponding to the double lion. _Cf._ ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂, Teta 261. The important variant ⁂⁂⁂ is found at Edfu (Rochemonteix, p. 78).

17. _I sever the horns._ _Cf._ Psalm lxxv, 11.

18. The _lands_. The Egyptian word varies in the texts. The most authorized reading ⁂⁂ is used in different senses: one of which (and perhaps the original one) is _put_, _put on_; _ponere_, _locare_, _induere_, _figere_, _addere_. Here it would seem from the context to mean locality, post, spot of earth. And I am inclined to identify ⁂⁂ in this place with the well-known ⁂, or ⁂⁂⁂, as an equivalent if not as a phonetic variant.

19. _Blessed are they who see_ ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂ written ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂ in the Pyramid Texts (Unas, 584, Teta, 42, Pepi I, 181 and 199), where it is in parallelism with ⁂⁂⁂⁂.

20. _The Bourne_, ⁂⁂⁂. On the goddess ⁂⁂⁂⁂, _Menait_, _cf._ Teta 288, Pepi I, 70, 154, 163.

21. _The Sycomore_ of Dawn repeatedly mentioned in the Book of the Dead. The Pyramid Texts also (Pepi I, 174) speak of the tall Sycomore of Sut in the Eastern Sky on which the gods congregate and sit, in expectation of the arrival of the Glorified one.

22. _To hold the Eye_, ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂. Later texts, like the Turin copy, have ⁂⁂⁂⁂. The two verbs here (like ⁂⁂⁂⁂ which is also found as a variant) are synonymous in the sense of _embracing_, _holding_,[78] _enclosing_, _fastening_, _staying_, _propping_.

According to the ancient myth Sut deprived Horus of his Eye, which was recovered by Thoth, and by him restored to its owner. The following passage from an inscription at Edfu (Rochemonteix, p. 25) is in strict accordance with the oldest mythological texts.

⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂ “Asten, who restored the Eye of Horus to its Lord, who preserved the Eye (_ut’ at_) from suffering harm, who made fast the Eye (_nutrit_) in its place, and who pacified Horus with his Eye.” The different synonyms designating the Eye are important as showing that the word ⁂⁂⁂⁂ is here used in the sense of the _daily_ light of the sun.

The other part of the same text as Edfu gives additional variants. ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂ and ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂. Here the Eye is called ⁂⁂, ⁂⁂, and ⁂⁂. But in other places the _Ut’ at_ stands for a less frequent moment of the solar progress. In the Pyramid Texts for instance ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂ “holder of the _Southern_ Eye of Horus” might perhaps designate the Summer Solstice. And a later text connects the Eye with the opening of the year.

The priestly title ⁂⁂⁂, ‘holder of the Eye,’ is like all such titles, that of the divinity whom the priest personates. The god himself is hieroglyphically represented by the sign ⁂⁂ of an ape holding the Eye.

23. _The tunnels_, ⁂⁂⁂, ⁂⁂⁂, Teta, 291; ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂, Horhotep, 213. See my note _Proc. Soc. Bibl. Arch._, 1873, p. 385. The Coptic ⲁⲕⲟⲣⲓ, which is generally supposed to be a serpent, is more probably an _earth-worm_, like ⁂⁂.

The Pyramid Texts have another word which I understand of the tunnels through which the Sun, Moon, and Stars pass from West to East, ⁂⁂⁂, as opposed to ⁂⁂⁂, the paths of the upper world. Anubis is called ⁂⁂⁂⁂ (Pepi I, 80), and these passages are ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂ (_ib._, 73), “between the two divine forms” (a lion at each end). _Cf._ Teta, 319, where it is said of the Stars ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂, that at their triumphant course through the tunnels the bones of the Akeru gods quake.

24. _The god of the Hennu Bark_, ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂, he who resides in the ⁂⁂⁂⁂ ship referred to in