Chapter 5

, Note 5, for an explanation of the name of those Apes who salute[135] the Daybreak. Here _four_ only are spoken of, and this was probably the original number, corresponding to the four portals of the Mount of Glory. The number _eight_ (the Chemunnu) is more easy to explain than _six_, which is the number stated in the text quoted from the tomb of Rameses VI.

2. _Fixed ordinances_, ⁂⁂; θέμιστες in the different acceptations of that word.

3. _Distress_, ⁂⁂⁂⁂. “Te semper anteit saeva _necessitas_,” Horace says to Fortuna. The determinative ⁂ and the Coptic ⲙⲣ̄ evidently point to the notion of _constraint_, but the few texts in which the word is found imply _want_, _need_ (_angustiæ_, ἀνάγκη),[136] rather than captivity. Amenemhat at Benihassan (tomb 2) boasts that in his days and under his government no one was seen “in distress (⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂), or starving.” And Horus at Edfu (Naville, _Mythe d’Horus_, pl. XXII) is said to protect the _needy_ or _distressed_ (⁂⁂⁂) against the powerful. This is an honour already claimed by Antuf on his tablet (Louvre, C. 26 line 17), who mentions the _maȧru_ as being an object of interest to him, like the orphan and the widow.

4. _Disordered_, ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂, is the absence of ⁂⁂, strict _order_, and always spoken of as in opposition to it. One is κόσμος and the other is οὐ κατὰ κόσμον, and may be predicated of whatever is contrary to rule, faulty, defective, out of line, deformed, or disfigured, not only in a moral but in a purely physical sense.

⁂⁂, _ill_, does not mean _wickedness_ or _sin_, but simply physical evil, mischief, pain or sorrow. There are many texts to prove this, but perhaps the most interesting is the great text at Dendera (Mariette, _Denderah_, IV, pl. 73, or Dümichen, _Rec._, III, pl. 96), where Osiris is invoked at Apu (Panopolis) as the fiery Bull, hiding (or scarcely seen) on the day of the New Moon ..., but at length rising into full strength,[137] and seeing the Golden Horus fixed upon the throne of the universe. ⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂⁂ (continues the text), “Joy cometh round after[138] pain,” or sorrow; most certainly, not after _sin_.

The meaning of ⁂, which governs the noun, has been explained (