Part 16
785. There are a dozen verbs in #-īō#, #-ere#, like #capiō#, and three deponents in #-ior#, #-ī#, all formed from consonant roots with a short vowel: see 836. #aiō#, _say_, and #fīō#, _grow_, _become_, have certain peculiarities arising from the blending of the root with the suffix.
[Errata: 784 (table) ... capi printed as shown: error for capī? 785 ... verbs in #-īō#, printed as shown: error for -iō?]
(1.) #aiō#, _say_, _say ay_, _avouch_ (#ag-#).
786. #aiō#, _say_, is defective, and has only these parts in common use:
+---------------+-----------+-----------+ | | Singular. | Plural. | | _Ind. Pres._ | aiō, | ----, | | | ais, | ----, | | | ait | aiunt | | _Ind. Imp._ | aiēbam, | aiēbāmus, | | | aiēbās, | aiēbātis, | | | aiēbat | aiēbant | | _Subj. Pres._ | ----, | ----, | | | aiās, | ----, | | | aiāt | ---- | +---------------+-----------+-----------+
787. For #aiō#, sometimes written #aiiō# (23), see 153, 2. Old forms are: present #ais#, #aīs#, #a͡is#, or with #-n# interrogative #āin#, #a͡in#; #aīt#, #ait#, or #a͡it#; imperfect #a͡ibam#, #a͡ibās#, #a͡ibat#, and #a͡ibant#; imperative once only, #aī# (Naev.). A participle #aientibus#, _affirmative_, occurs once (Cic.).
[Errata: 786 (table) ... aiāt printed as shown: error for aiat? 787 ... interrogative #āin#, #a͡in# printed as shown: āin error for aīn?]
(2.) #fīō#, _become_, _am made_.
788. #fīō#, _become_, and #factus sum# supplement each other: in the present system, the passive of #faciō#, _make_, except the gerundive, #faciendus#, is not used, #fīō#, &c., taking its place; in the perfect system, only #factus sum#, &c., is used.
+----------------+-----------+--------------------+ | | Singular. | Plural. | | _Ind. Pres._ | fīō, | ----, | | | fīs, | ----, | | | fit | fīunt | | _Ind. Imp._ | fīēbam, | fīēbāmus, | | | fīēbās, | fīēbātis, | | | fīēbat | fīēbant | | _Ind. Fut._ | fīam, | fīēmus, | | | fīēs, | fīētis, | | | fīet | fīent | | _Subj. Pres._ | fīam, | fīāmus, | | | fīās, | fīātis, | | | fīat | fīant | | _Subj. Imp._ | fierem, | fierēmus, | | | fierēs, | fierētis, | | | fieret | fierent | | _Imper._ | fī | fīte | +----------------+-----------+--------------------+ | _Infin. Pres._ | fierī | _Part. Pres._ ---- | +----------------+-----------+--------------------+
789. In #fīō#, &c., #ī# represents an older #ei#, seen in FEIENT (inscr. 45 B.C.). The infinitive #fierī# for #fierei# owes its passive ending to analogy; the active form #fiere# occurs twice (Enn., Laev.). The vowel before #-er-# in #fierem#, &c., and #fierī#, is sometimes long in the dramatists, where a cretic (- ⏑ -) is required, but otherwise always short.
790. #-fīō# is used in apparent compounds (394): as, #patē̆fit#. In real compounds commonly #-ficior#: as, #cōnficior#; but sometimes #-fīō#: as, #cōnfit#, #cōnfīunt#, #cōnfīat#, #cōnfieret#, #cōnfierent#, #cōnfī̆erī#; #dēfit#, #dēfīet#, #dēfīat#, #dēfierī#; #effit#, #effīant#, #ecfīerī#; #īnfit#; #interfīat#, #interfīerī#; #superfit#, #superfīat#.
791. Some verbs in #-iō#, #-ere# (or #-ior#, #-ī#), have occasionally the form of verbs in #-īre# (or #-īrī#), in some parts of the present system, oftenest before an #r#, and particularly in the passive infinitive: as,
#fodīrī#, 3 times (Cato, Col. 2), #circumfodīrī# (Col.), #ecfodīrī# (Plaut.); #adgredīrī# (#adgredīrier#), 4 times (Plaut.), #prōgredīrī# (Plaut.); #morīrī# 6 times (Plaut. 4, Pomp., Ov.), #ēmorīrī# twice (Plaut., Ter.); #orīrī#, always; #parīre#, twice (Plaut., Enn.); usually #potīrī# (#potīrier#). Also #cupīret# (Lucr.); #adgredīre#, #adgredībor#, #adgredīmur# (Plaut.); #morīmur# (Enn.); #orīris# (Varr., Sen.), #adorītur# (Lucil., Lucr.), #orīrētur# (Cic., Nep., Sall., Liv.), #adorīrētur# (Liv., Suet.); #parībis# (Pomp.), PARIRET (inscr.); #potīris# (Manil.), #potītur# (Lucil., Ov.), &c., &c.
[Errata: 791 ... #orīrī#, always #orīrī#. #adorītur# (Lucil., Lucr.), final , printed .]
II. DENOMINATIVE VERBS.
(1.) VERBS IN #-āre#.
_The First Conjugation._
792. #laudō#, _praise_.
+------------------------------------------------------------------+ | PRINCIPAL PARTS. | | PRES. INDIC. PRES. INFIN. PERF. INDIC. PERF. PART. | | laudō laudāre laudāvī laudātus | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ACTIVE VOICE. | | | | INDICATIVE MOOD. | | | | PRESENT TENSE. | | Singular. | Plural. | | laudō, _I praise_, | laudāmus, _we praise_, | | or _am praising_ | or _are praising_ | | laudās, _thou praisest_, | laudātis, _you praise_, | | or _art praising_ | or _are praising_ | | laudat, _he praises_, | laudant, _they praise_, | | or _is praising_ | or _are praising_ | | | | IMPERFECT TENSE. | | laudābam, _I was praising_, | laudābāmus, | | or _I praised_ | _we were praising_, | | | or _we praised_ | | laudābās, _thou wert praising_, | laudābātis, _you were | | or _thou praisedst_ | praising_, or _you praised_ | | laudābat, _he was praising_, | laudābant, _they were | | or _he praised_ | praising_, or _they praised_ | | | | FUTURE TENSE. | | laudābō, _I shall praise_ | laudābimus, _we shall praise_ | | laudābis, _thou wilt praise_ | laudābitis, _you will praise_ | | laudābit, _he will praise_ | laudābunt, _they will praise_ | | | | PERFECT TENSE. | | laudāvī, _I have praised_, | laudāvimus, _we have praised_, | | or _I praised_ | or _we praised_ | | laudāvistī, _thou hast | laudāvistis, _you have | | praised_, or _thou praisedst_ | praised_, or _you praised_ | | laudāvit, _he has praised_, | laudāvērunt or -re, | | or _he praised_ | _they have praised_, | | | or _they praised_ | | | | PLUPERFECT TENSE. | | laudāveram, _I had praised_ | laudāverāmus, _we had praised_ | | laudāverās, | laudāverātis, | | _thou hadst praised_ | _you had praised_ | | laudāverat, _he had praised_ | laudāverant, | | | _they had praised_ | | | | FUTURE PERFECT TENSE. | | laudāverō, | laudāverimus, | | _I shall have praised_ | _we shall have praised_ | | laudāveris, | laudāveritis, | | _thou wilt have praised_ | _you will have praised_ | | laudāverit, | laudāverint, | | _he will have praised_ | _they will have praised_ | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. | | | | PRESENT TENSE. | | Singular. | Plural. | | laudem, _may I praise_ | laudēmus, _let us praise_ | | laudēs, _mayst thou praise_ | laudētis, _may you praise_ | | laudet, _let him praise_ | laudent, _let them praise_ | | | | IMPERFECT TENSE. | | laudārem, _I should praise_ | laudārēmus, _we should praise_ | | laudārēs, | laudārētis, | | _thou wouldst praise_ | _you would praise_ | | laudāret, _he would praise_ | laudārent, _they would praise_ | | | | PERFECT TENSE. | | laudāverim, | laudāverīmus, | | _I may have praised_ | _we may have praised_ | | laudāverīs, | laudāverītis, | | _thou mayst have praised_ | _you may have praised_ | | laudāverit, | laudāverint, | | _he may have praised_ | _they may have praised_ | | | | PLUPERFECT TENSE. | | laudāvissem, | laudāvissēmus, | | _I should have praised_ | _we should have praised_ | | laudāvissēs, | laudāvissētis, | | _thou wouldst have praised_ | _you would have praised_ | | laudāvisset, | laudāvissent, | | _he would have praised_ | _they would have praised_ | | | | IMPERATIVE MOOD. | | laudā or laudātō, _praise_, | laudāte or laudātōte, _praise_,| | _thou shalt praise_ | _you shall praise_ | | laudātō, _he shall praise_ | laudantō, _they shall praise_ | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | NOUNS OF THE VERB. | | | | INFINITIVE. | PARTICIPLE. | | _Pres._ laudāre, | _Pres._ laudāns, | | _to praise_ | _praising_ | | _Perf._ laudāvisse, | | | _to have praised_ | | | _Fut._ laudātūrus esse, | _Fut._ laudātūrus, | | _to be going to praise_ | _going to praise_ | | | | GERUND. | SUPINE. | | _Gen._ laudandī, | | | _of praising_ | | | _Dat._ laudandō, | | | _for praising_ | | | _Acc._ laudandum, _praising_ | _Acc._ laudātum, _to praise_ | | _Abl._ laudandō, _by praising_ | _Abl._ *laudātū, _in praising_,| | | not used | +------------------------------------------------------------------+
[Erratum: 792 (table) ... _Abl._ laudandō . missing or invisible]
VERBS IN #-āre#.
_The First Conjugation._
793. #laudor#, _am praised_.
+------------------------------------------------------------------+ | PASSIVE VOICE. | | | | INDICATIVE MOOD. | | | | PRESENT TENSE. | | Singular. | Plural. | | laudor, | laudāmur, | | _I am praised_ | _we are praised_ | | laudāris or -re, | laudāminī, | | _thou art praised_ | _you are praised_ | | laudātur, | laudantur, | | _he is praised_ | _they are praised_ | | | | IMPERFECT TENSE. | | laudābar, | laudābāmur, | | _I was praised_ | _we were praised_ | | laudābāre or -ris, | laudābāminī, | | _thou wert praised_ | _you were praised_ | | laudābātur, | laudābantur, | | _he was praised_ | _they were praised_ | | | | FUTURE TENSE. | | laudābor, | laudābimur, | | _I shall be praised_ | _we shall be praised_ | | laudābere or -ris, | laudābiminī, | | _thou wilt be praised_ | _you will be praised_ | | laudābitur, | laudābuntur, | | _he will be praised_ | _they will be praised_ | | | | PERFECT TENSE. | | laudātus sum, _I have been_, | laudātī sumus, _we have been_, | | or _was praised_ | or _were praised_ | | laudātus es, _thou hast been_, | laudātī estis, | | or _wert praised_ | _you have been_, | | | or _were praised_ | | laudātus est, _he has been_, | laudātī sunt, | | or _was praised_ | _they have been_, | | | or _were praised_ | | | | PLUPERFECT TENSE. | | laudātus eram, | laudātī erāmus, | | _I had been praised_ | _we had been praised_ | | laudātus erās, | laudātī erātis, | | _thou hadst been praised_ | _you had been praised_ | | laudātus erat, | laudātī erant, | | _he had been praised_ | _they had been praised_ | | | | FUTURE PERFECT TENSE. | | laudātus erō, | laudātī erimus, | | _I shall have been praised_ | _we shall have been praised_ | | laudātus eris, | laudātī eritis, | | _thou wilt have been praised_ | _you will have been praised_ | | laudātus erit, | laudātī erunt, _they will | | _he will have been praised_ | have been praised_ | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. | | | | PRESENT TENSE. | | Singular. | Plural. | | lauder, | laudēmur, | | _may I be praised_ | _may we be praised_ | | laudēre or -ris, | laudēminī, | | _mayst thou be praised_ | _may you be praised_ | | laudētur, | laudentur, | | _let him be praised_ | _let them be praised_ | | | | IMPERFECT TENSE. | | laudārer, | laudārēmur, | | _I should be praised_ | _we should be praised_ | | laudārēre or -ris, | laudārēminī, | | _thou wouldst be praised_ | _you would be praised_ | | laudārētur, | laudārentur, | | _he would be praised_ | _they would be praised_ | | | | PERFECT TENSE. | | laudātus sim, | laudātī sīmus, | | _I may have been praised_ | _we may have been praised_ | | laudātus sīs, _thou mayst | laudātī sītis, | | have been praised_ | _you may have been praised_ | | laudātus sit, | laudātī sint, | | _he may have been praised_ | _they may have been praised_ | | | | PLUPERFECT TENSE. | | laudātus essem, | laudātī essēmus, _we should | | _I should have been praised_ | have been praised_ | | laudātus essēs, _thou | laudātī essētis, _you would | | wouldst have been praised_ | have been praised_ | | laudātus esset, _he would | laudātī essent, _they would | | have been praised_ | have been praised_ | | | | IMPERATIVE MOOD. | | laudāre or laudātor, | laudāminī, | | _be praised_, | _be praised_ | | _thou shalt be praised_ | | | laudātor, | laudantor, | | _he shall be praised_ | _they shall be praised_ | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | NOUNS OF THE VERB. | | | | INFINITIVE. | GERUNDIVE. | | _Pres._ laudārī, | laudandus, _to be praised_ | | _to be praised_ | | | _Perf._ laudātus esse, | PERFECT PARTICIPLE. | | _to have been praised_ | laudātus, _praised_ | | _Fut._ *laudātum īrī, | | | _to be going to be | | | praised_, not used (2273) | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+
(2.) VERBS IN #-ēre#.
_The Second Conjugation._
794. #moneō#, _advise_.
+------------------------------------------------------------------+ | PRINCIPAL PARTS. | | PRES. INDIC. PRES. INFIN. PERF. INDIC. PERF. PART. | | moneō monēre monuī monitus | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | ACTIVE VOICE. | | | | INDICATIVE MOOD. | | | | PRESENT TENSE. | | Singular. | Plural. | | moneō, _I advise_, | monēmus, _we advise_, | | or _am advising_ | or _are advising_ | | monēs, _thou advisest_, | monētis, _you advise_, | | or _art advising_ | or _are advising_ | | monet, _he advises_, | monent, _they advise_, | | or _is advising_ | or _are advising_ | | | | IMPERFECT TENSE. | | monēbam, _I was advising_, | monēbāmus, _we were advising_, | | or _I advised_ | or _we advised_ | | monēbās, _thou wert advising_, | monēbātis, _you were advising_, | | or _thou advisedst_ | or _you advised_ | | monēbat, _he was advising_, | monēbant, _they were advising_, | | or _he advised_ | or _they advised_ | | | | FUTURE TENSE. | | monēbō, _I shall advise_ | monēbimus, _we shall advise_ | | monēbis, _thou wilt advise_ | monēbitis, _you will advise_ | | monēbit, _he will advise_ | monēbunt, _they will advise_ | | | | PERFECT TENSE. | | monuī, _I have advised_, | monuimus, _we have advised_, | | or _I advised_ | or _we advised_ | | monuistī, _thou hast advised_, | monuistis, _you have advised_, | | or _thou advisedst_ | or _you advised_ | | monuit, _he has advised_, | monuērunt or -re, | | or _he advised_ | _they have advised_, | | | or _they advised_ | | | | PLUPERFECT TENSE. | | monueram, _I had advised_ | monuerāmus, _we had advised_ | | monuerās, _thou hadst advised_ | monuerātis, _you had advised_ | | monuerat, _he had advised_ | monuerant, _they had advised_ | | | | FUTURE PERFECT TENSE. | | monuerō, | monuerimus, | | _I shall have advised_ | _we shall have advised_ | | monueris, | monueritis, | | _thou wilt have advised_ | _you will have advised_ | | monuerit, | monuerint, | | _he will have advised_ | _they will have advised_ | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. | | | | PRESENT TENSE. | | Singular. | Plural. | | moneam, _may I advise_ | moneāmus, _let us advise_ | | moneās, _mayst thou advise_ | moneātis, _may you advise_ | | moneat, _let him advise_ | moneant, _let them advise_ | | | | IMPERFECT TENSE. | | monērem, _I should advise_ | monērēmus, _we should advise_ | | monērēs, _thou wouldst advise_ | monērētis, _you would advise_ | | monēret, _he would advise_ | monērent, _they would advise_ | | | | PERFECT TENSE. | | monuerim, | monuerīmus, | | _I may have advised_ | _we may have advised_ | | monuerīs, | monuerītis, | | _thou mayst have advised_ | _you may have advised_ | | monuerit, | monuerint, | | _he may have advised_ | _they may have advised_ | | | | PLUPERFECT TENSE. | | monuissem, | monuissēmus, | | _I should have advised_ | _we should have advised_ | | monuissēs, | monuissētis, | | _thou wouldst have advised_ | _you would have advised_ | | monuisset, | monuissent, | | _he would have advised_ | _they would have advised_ | | | | IMPERATIVE MOOD. | | monē or monētō, _advise_, | monēte or monētōte, _advise_, | | _thou shalt advise_ | _you shall advise_ | | monētō, _he shall advise_ | monentō, _they shall advise_ | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | NOUNS OF THE VERB. | | | | INFINITIVE. | PARTICIPLE. | | _Pres._ monēre, | _Pres._ monēns, | | _to advise_ | _advising_ | | _Perf._ monuisse, | | | _to have advised_ | | | _Fut._ monitūrus esse, | _Fut._ monitūrus, | | _to be going to advise_ | _going to advise_ | | | | GERUND. | SUPINE. | | _Gen._ monendī, | | | _of advising_ | | | _Dat._ monendō, | | | _for advising_ | | | _Acc._ monendum, _advising_ | _Acc._ *monitum, _to advise_, | | | not used | | _Abl._ monendō, _by advising_ | _Abl._ monitū, _in advising_ | +------------------------------------------------------------------+
[Erratum: 794 (table) ... _Acc._ monendum, _advising_ . missing or invisible]
VERBS IN #-ēre#.
_The Second Conjugation._
795. #moneor#, _am advised_.
+------------------------------------------------------------------+ | PASSIVE VOICE. | | | | INDICATIVE MOOD. | | | | PRESENT TENSE. | | Singular. | Plural. | | moneor, | monēmur, | | _I am advised_ | _we are advised_ | | monēris or -re, | monēminī, | | _thou art advised_ | _you are advised_ | | monētur, | monentur, | | _he is advised_ | _they are advised_ | | | | IMPERFECT TENSE. | | monēbar, | monēbāmur, | | _I was advised_ | _we were advised_ | | monēbāre or -ris, | monēbāminī, | | _thou wert advised_ | _you were advised_ | | monēbātur, | monēbantur, | | _he was advised_ | _they were advised_ | | | | FUTURE TENSE. | | monēbor, | monēbimur, | | _I shall be advised_ | _we shall be advised_ | | monēbere or -ris, | monēbiminī, | | _thou wilt be advised_ | _you will be advised_ | | monēbitur, | monēbuntur, | | _he will be advised_ | _they will be advised_ | | | | PERFECT TENSE. | | monitus sum, _I have been_, | monitī sumus, _we have been_, | | or _was advised_ | or _were advised_ | | monitus es, _thou hast been_, | monitī estis, _you have been_, | | or _wert advised_ | or _were advised_ | | monitus est, _he has been_, | monitī sunt, _they have been_, | | or _was advised_ | or _were advised_ | | | | PLUPERFECT TENSE. | | monitus eram, | monitī erāmus, | | _I had been advised_ | _we had been advised_ | | monitus erās, | monitī erātis, | | _thou hadst been advised_ | _you had been advised_ | | monitus erat, | monitī erant, | | _he had been advised_ | _they had been advised_ | | | | FUTURE PERFECT TENSE. | | monitus erō, | monitī erimus, | | _I shall have been advised_ | _we shall have been advised_ | | monitus eris, | monitī eritis, | | _thou wilt have been advised_ | _you will have been advised_ | | monitus erit, | monitī erunt, _they will | | _he will have been advised_ | have been advised_ | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. | | | | PRESENT TENSE. | | Singular. | Plural. | | monear, | moneāmur, | | _may I be advised_ | _may we be advised_ | | moneāre or -ris, | moneāminī, | | _mayst thou be advised_ | _may you be advised_ | | moneātur, | moneantur, | | _let him be advised_ | _let them be advised_ | | | | IMPERFECT TENSE. | | monērer, | monērēmur, | | _I should be advised_ | _we should be advised_ | | monērēre or -ris, | monērēminī, | | _thou wouldst be advised_ | _you would be advised_ | | monērētur, | monērentur, | | _he would be advised_ | _they would be advised_ | | | | PERFECT TENSE. | | monitus sim, | monitī sīmus, | | _I may have been advised_ | _we may have been advised_ | | monitus sīs, _thou mayst | monitī sītis, | | have been advised_ | _you may have been advised_ | | monitus sit, | monitī sint, | | _he may have been advised_ | _they may have been advised_ | | | | PLUPERFECT TENSE. | | monitus essem, | monitī essēmus, _we should | | _I should have been advised_ | have been advised_ | | monitus essēs, _thou wouldst | monitī essētis, _you would | | have been advised_ | have been advised_ | | monitus esset, | monitī essent, _they would | | _he would have been advised_ | have been advised_ | | | | IMPERATIVE MOOD. | | monēre or monētor, | monēminī, | | _be advised_, | _be advised_ | | _thou shalt be advised_ | | | monētor, | monentor, | | _he shall be advised_ | _they shall be advised_ | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | NOUNS OF THE VERB. | | | | INFINITIVE. | GERUNDIVE. | | _Pres._ monērī, | monendus, _to be advised_ | | _to be advised_ | | | _Perf._ monitus esse, | PERFECT PARTICIPLE. | | _to have been advised_ | monitus, _advised_ | | _Fut._ *monitum īrī, | | | _to be going to be | | | advised_, not used (2273) | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+
(3.) VERBS IN #-īre#.
_The Fourth Conjugation._
796. #audiō#, _hear_.