Part 25

1238. With the possessive genitive, the limited substantive is sometimes defined by #commūnis#, #proprius# or #aliēnus#, #sacer#, or #tōtus# added: as, #hoc proprium virtūtis exīstimant#, 6, 23, 2, _this they consider a special characteristic of bravery_. #omnia quae nostra erant propria#, _RA._ 150, _everything which was our peculiar property_ (1234). #illa īnsula eōrum deōrum sacra putātur#, _V._ 1, 48, _that island is considered the hallowed property of those gods_. #iam mē Pompēī tōtum esse scīs#, _Fam._ 2, 13, 2, _you are aware that I am become Pompey’s, out and out_.

THE GENITIVE OF QUALITY.

1239. (2.) The genitive with an adjective in agreement is used to denote quality, either attributively or predicatively: as,

(_a._) Attributively: #magnī ponderis saxa#, 2, 29, 3, _stones of great weight_. #summae speī adulēscentēs#, 7, 63, 9, _young men of high promise_. #diērum vīgintī supplicātiō#, 4, 38, 5, _a twenty day thanksgiving_. #bēlua multōrum es capitum#, H. _E._ 1, 1, 76, _a many-headed beast art thou_. #eius modī cōnsilium#, 5, 29, 5, _such a plan_. #dēmittō auriculās ut inīquae mentis asellus#, H. _S._ 1, 9, 20, _I drop my ears like Neddy in the sulks_ (269). #vāllō pedum IX#, 5, 42, 1, _with a nine foot palisade_. (_b._) Predicatively: #magnae habitus auctōritātis#, 7, 77, 3, _passing for a man of great influence_. #flūminis erat altitūdō circiter pedum trium#, 2, 18, 3, _the depth of the river was about three feet_. The genitive of quality resembles the ablative of quality (1375); the two are sometimes combined: as, #hominem maximī corporis terribilīque faciē#, N. 15, 4, 1, _a man of gigantic frame and with an awe-inspiring presence_. But the genitive is common in designations of size and number.

1240. A substantive expressing quality with #aequus#, #pār#, #similis#, or #dissimilis# in agreement, is put not in the genitive, but in the ablative, by Cicero, Caesar, Nepos, and Livy.

THE PARTITIVE GENITIVE.

1241. (3.) The partitive genitive denotes a whole of which the limited substantive denotes a part. There are two kinds of partitive genitive, the numerical and the quantitative: as,

(_a._) #mīlitum pars#, 6, 40, 8, _part of the soldiers_, numerical

## partitive (1242). (_b._) #multum aestātis#, 5, 22, 4, _much of the

summer_, quantitative partitive (1247).

1242. (_a._) The numerical partitive is a plural or a collective, limiting a word expressing part of the number: as,

#mīlitum pars#, 6, 40, 8, _part of the soldiers_. #pars equitātūs#, 4, 16, 2, _part of the cavalry_. #alter cōnsulum#, L. 6, 35, 5, _one of the two consuls_. #uter est īnsānior hōrum?# H. _S._ 2, 3, 102, _which of these two is crazier?_ #eōrum neuter#, _Pis._ 62, _neither of the two_. #multae istārum arborum#, _CM._ 59, _many of the trees you see there_. #quis omnium mortālium?# _V._ 5, 179, _who among all the sons of men?_ #nēmō nostrūm#, _RA._ 55, _not one of us_. #nihil hōrum#, _RA._ 138, _none of these things_. #Stertinius, sapientum octāvus#, H. _S._ 2, 3, 296, _Stertinius, of sages eighth_. #ō maior iuvenum#, H. _AP._ 366, _O elder of the youths_. #hōrum omnium fortissimī sunt Belgae#, 1, 1, 3, _of all these the stoutest fighters are the Belgians_. Also with superlative adverbs: as, #deōrum maximē Mercurium colunt#, Ta. _G._ 9, _of the gods, they revere Mercury most_. #minumē gentium#, Pl. _Poen._ 690, T. _Eu._ 625, _no, never in the world_.

1243. #uterque#, _each_, _both_, often takes the genitive plural of a pronoun: as, #quōrum uterque#, #uterque eōrum#, #hōrum#, #nostrūm#, &c.; sometimes of a substantive and pronoun combined: as, #utriusque hārum rērum#, _TD._ 1, 65, _of each of these things_. #quārum cīvitātum utraque#, _V._ 5, 56, _each of these communities_. With a substantive alone, it is oftener attributive: as, #uterque dux#, _Marc._ 24, _each commander_; and sometimes with neuter pronouns: as, #quod utrumque#, Brut. in _Fam._ 11, 1, 1, N. 25, 2, 4. The plural #utrīque# is used both ways: as, #ab utrīsque vestrūm#, _Fam._ 11, 21, 5, and #ab utrīsque nōbīs#, Brut. in _Fam._ 11, 20, 3.

1244. The plurals #tot#, #totidem#, and #quot#, are not used

## partitively, and #omnēs# and #cūnctī# only so by poets and late prose

writers. #plērīque# is used either way, in agreement, or with the genitive.

1245. The numerical partitive is exceptionally used in poetry with the positive of a descriptive adjective: as, #sāncte deōrum#, V. 4, 576, _thou holy of the gods_. And in late prose, particularly with words denoting a class of persons: as, #cum dēlēctīs peditum#, L. 26, 5, 3, _with the pick of the infantry_. #levīs cohortium#, Ta. 3, 39, _the light-armed of the cohorts_.

1246. Instead of the numerical partitive, a prepositional expression with #ante#, #inter#, or #in#, or with #ex# or #dē#, is sometimes used: as, #ante aliōs acceptissimus#, L. 1, 15, 8, _most welcome before others_. So particularly #quīdam# and #ūnus#, #duo#, #trēs#, with #ex# or #dē#: as, #quīdam ex hīs#, 2, 17, 2, _one of these_. #ūnus dē multīs#, _Fin._ 2, 66, _one of the common herd_. But #ūnus# sometimes has the genitive: as, #ūnus multōrum#, H. _S._ 1, 9, 71. And usually so in a series, when #ūnus# is followed by #alter#, #alius#, #tertius#, &c.

1247. (_b._) The quantitative partitive is usually a singular, limiting a neuter singular word denoting amount. The limited word is either a nominative, or an accusative without a preposition. This genitive often borders very closely on the genitive of definition (1255): as,

#multum aestātis#, 5, 22, 4, _much of the summer_. #amplius obsidum#, 6, 9, 7, _something more extensive in the way of hostages_. #minus dubitātiōnis#, 1, 14, 1, _less of hesitation_. #quam minimum spatiī#, 3, 19, 1, _as little time as possible_. #id aetātis#, _DO._ 1, 207, _at that time of life_. #id temporis#, _Fin._ 5, 1, _at that time of day_. #quid causae est?# _Ac._ 1, 10, _what earthly reason is there?_ #hoc litterulārum#, _Att._ 12, 1, 1, _this apology for a letter_, or _this hasty line_. #hoc sibī̆ sōlācī prōpōnēbant#, 7, 15, 2, _they laid this flattering unction to their souls_.

1248. Such neuters are: #multum#, #plērumque#, #plūrimum#, #amplius#, #plūs#, #paulum#, #minus#, #minimum#, #tantum#, #quantum#, #tantundem#, #nimium#; in poetry and late prose, also many other adjectives singular and plural. Furthermore, #id#, #hoc#, #illud#, #quod#, #quid#, &c., and #nihil#; also #abunde#, #adfatim#, #largiter#, #nimis#, #partim#, #parum#, and #satis#.

1249. A few adjectives of place and time indicating a particular part of an object, are commonly used in immediate agreement with their substantives: as,

#summus mōns#, 1, 22, 1, _the highest part of the mountain_, or _the mountain-top_. #extrēmā hieme, mediā aestāte#, _IP._ 35, _at the end of the winter, in midsummer_. Such are: #prīmus#, #intimus#, #medius#, #extrēmus#, #postrēmus#, #ūltimus#, #summus#, #īnfimus#, #īmus#, #reliquus#. But the neuter is sometimes used partitively: as, #aestātis extrēmum erat#, S. _I._ 90, 1, _it was the end of summer_. #summa pectoris#, _Fam._ 1, 9, 15, _the upper parts of the breast_.

1250. The limiting genitive is often the neuter singular of an adjective used substantively: as,

#aliquid bonī#, T. _Andr._ 398, _something good_. #aliquid malī#, T. _Eu._ 999, _something bad_. #numquid tandem novī?# _Br._ 10, _nothing new, pray?_ This use is ordinarily confined to stems in #-o-#; rarely otherwise: as, #plūs inānis#, Lucr. 1, 365, _more of the void_: and usually only when joined with an #-o-# stem: as, #nihil solidī, nihil ēminentis#, _DN._ 1, 75, _no solidity, no projection_.

1251. The partitive construction sometimes extends to the predicate: as, #id erit sīgnī mē invītum facere#, _RA._ 83, _this will be something of an indication that I act with reluctance_; #sīgnī# is here in the predicate, and yet made dependent on #id#. #quid ergō est tuī cōnsulī?# Brut. in _Fam._ 11, 1, 3, _what then is your advice?_ #quid suī cōnsilī sit ostendit#, 1, 21, 2, _he explains what his plan is_. #quid est enim huic reliquī?# _Sull._ 89, _for what is there left for my client?_ #hī mīlitēs nihil reliquī victīs fēcēre#, S. _C._ 11, 7, _these soldiers left nothing over to the conquered_. #nihil ad celeritātem sibī̆ reliquī fēcērunt#, 2, 26, 5, _as for speed, they left no effort unspared_.

1252. The accusative with a preposition also sometimes has the genitive, as, #in id redāctus sum locī#, T. _Ph._ 979, _I am reduced to such a strait_. #ad id locī#, S. _C._ 45, 3, _to that spot_. #ad id locōrum#, S. _I._ 63, 6, _up to that time_. #in multum diēī#, L. 9, 44, 11, _till late in the day_. In Cicero, also the ablatives #eō#, #eōdem#, and #quō#, with #locī#: as, #eō locī#, _Sest._ 68, _in that position_. And in later writers, other ablatives, with or without a preposition, also have a genitive.

1253. Some appellatives of place are put in the genitive with adverbs of place: as, #ubinam gentium?# Pl. _Mer._ 434, _C._ 1, 9, _where in the world?_ #nusquam gentium#, T. _Ad._ 540, _nowhere in the world_. Similarly, #locī# with adverbs of time or order, as with #intereā# in Plautus and Terence, #postideā# in Plautus, #posteā# in Sallust, and #inde# in Lucretius; also #locōrum# with #adhūc# and #postid# in Plautus.

1254. In Sallust, Livy, and Tacitus, genitives of abstracts are used with the adverbs #eō#, #quō#, and #hūc#: as, #eō miseriārum#, S. _I._ 14, 3, _to that pitch of distress_. Ones with #ut#: #ut quisque audentiae habuisset, adcurrerent#, Ta. 15, 53, _they should run up, with a speed commensurate in every case to their daring_.

[Errata: 1241 ... (_b._) . invisible 1242a ... #Stertinius, sapientum octāvus# octāvos 1250 ... Lucr. 1, 365 1. 365]

THE GENITIVE OF DEFINITION.

1255. (4.) The genitive is used to define that of which a thing consists: as,

#magna multitūdō perditōrum hominum#, 3, 17, 4, _a perfect swarm of desperadoes_. #innumerābile pondus aurī#, _Sest._ 93, _a weight of gold too great to count_. #mīlle numerō nāvium clāssem#, _V._ 1, 48, _an armada a thousand sail strong_.

1256. The genitive of an explicit word containing the leading idea is sometimes used to define a more general word; as,

#praedae pecudum hominumque#, L. 24, 20, 5, _booty consisting of cattle and human beings_. #pignora coniugum ac līberōrum#, L. 2, 1, 5, _pledges in the shape of wives and children_. #cōnfīsus mūnītiōne fossae#, Caes. _C._ 1, 42, 3, _relying on the defensive works in the shape of a moat_. Rarely in poetry and late prose, the proper name of a place, with #urbs#, #prōmunturium#, &c.: as, #urbem Patavī#, V., 1, 247, _the city of Patavium_ (1045). Particularly with the words #vōx#, #nōmen#, #genus#, and especially #causa#: as, #haec vōx voluptātis#, _Fin._ 2, 6, _this word ‘pleasure.’_ #nōmen amīcitiae#, _Fin._ 2, 78, _the name ‘friendship.’_ Compare #nōmen frāternum#, 1, 36, 5, _the name of brothers_ (1233). #haec īgnōminiae causa#, _Clu._ 120, _this reason, namely the censor’s stigma_. #parvulae causae vel falsae suspīciōnis vel terrōris repentīnī#, Caes. _C._ 3, 72, 4, _insignificant causes, as for instance ungrounded suspicion or a panic_. #propter eam causam sceleris istīus#, _V._ 4, 113, _for this reason, namely the crime of the defendant_.

1257. The genitive of definition is very common with #causā#, less common with #grātiā#, to define what the motive or cause is: as,

#amīcitiae causā#, 1, 39, 2, _from motives of friendship_. Compare #vestrā magis hoc causā volēbam, quam meā#, _DO._ 1, 164, _I wished this more for your sake than for my own_ (1234). #honestātis amplitūdinisque grātiā#, _RA._ 15, _in compliment to their respectability and high social standing_. So also sometimes with #nōmine#, and in old or official Latin, with #ergō#.

1258. Conversely, the genitive of a generic word denoting a person is sometimes added to a leading word defining the kind of a person: as, #frūstum puerī#, Pl. _Per._ 849, _thou bit of a boy_. #mōnstrum hominis#, T. _Eu._ 696, _thou fiend in human shape_. #quaedam pestēs hominum#, _Fam._ 5, 8, 2, _some regular plagues in the shape of men_.

1259. #quidquid est#, #quantum est#, #quod est#, or #quodcumque est#, with a genitive, is equivalent to an emphatic #omnis#: as, #quidquid patrum est#, L. 3, 17, 5, _whatever there is in the shape of senators_, i.e. _every single senator_. #quod est pecūniae, trādit#, Caes. _C._ 2, 20, 8, _what there is in the-way of money, he hands over_. Similarly #tantum# for #tot#: as, #tantum hominum#, Pl. _Poen._ 619, _such a mass of men_.

THE OBJECTIVE GENITIVE.

1260. (5.) The objective genitive denotes the object of the action expressed in the limited substantive: as,

#metus hostium#, Gell. 9, 12, 13, _the fear of the enemy_, i.e. which is felt towards them. #vēnditiō bonōrum#, _RA._ 110, _sale of the goods_. #lūctū fīlī#, _DO._ 2, 193, _from grief for his son_. This construction is freely used, even when the parallel verb has a dative, an ablative, or a prepositional expression: as, #fīdūciā locī#, 7, 19, 2, _from confidence in the position_. #līberātiōnem culpae#, _Lig._ 1, _acquittal from guilt_. #mīlitiae vacātiōnem#, 6, 14, 1, _exemption from military service_. #opīniōne trium legiōnum dēiectus#, 5, 48, 1, _disappointed in his hope of three legions_. #deōrum opīniō#, _TD._ 1, 30, _a conception of the gods_. #miserrima est contentiō honōrum#, _Off._ 1, 87, _a scramble for office is a pitiful thing_.

1261. Instead of the objective genitive, a prepositional expression is sometimes used with greater precision: as,

#metus ā vī atque īrā deōrum#, _DN._ 1, 45, _fear of the might and wrath of the gods_. So especially the accusative, usually denoting a person, with #in#, #ergā#, or #adversus#, combined with substantives denoting feeling: as, #odium in hominum ūniversum genus#, _TD._ 4, 25, _hatred to all mankind_. #vestra ergā mē voluntās#, _C._ 4, 1, _your good-will towards me_.

1262. A possessive pronoun or adjective is sometimes used for the objective genitive: as,

(_a._) #odiō tuō#, T. _Ph._ 1016, _from hate to thee_. #tuā fīdūciā#, _V._ 5, 176, _from his reliance on you_. #aspectūque suō#, Lucr. 1, 91, _and at the sight of her_. (_b._) #metus hostīlis#, S. _I._ 41, 2, _fear felt of the enemy_. #servīlis percontātiō#, _DO._ 2, 327, _crossquestioning of the servant-girls_. #firmus adversus mīlitārem largītiōnem#, Ta. _H._ 2, 82, _dead-set against any largess to the military_.

II. THE GENITIVE WITH ADJECTIVES.

1263. (1.) The genitive is used with many adjectives to denote the object.

Such are chiefly adjectives meaning (_a._) _desirous_, (_b._) _knowing_, or _remembering_, (_c._) _participating_, _controlling_, or _guilty_, (_d._) _full_, and most of their opposites: as, (_a._) #aurī cupidus#, Pl. _Poen._ 179, _eager for gold_. #sapientiae studiōsōs, id est enim philosophōs#, _TD._ 5, 9, _devotees of wisdom, for that is what ‘philosophers’ means_. So also #aemulus#, #avidus#, #fastīdiōsus#, #invidus#. (_b._) #gnārus rē̆ī pūblicae#, _Br._ 228, _familiar with government_. #rē̆ī mīlitāris perītissimus#, 1, 21, 4, _a master of the art military_. #hominēs adulēscentulōs, inperītōs rērum#, T. _Andr._ 910, _mere hobbledehoys, not up in the world’s ways_. #imperītus mōrum#, _RA._ 143, _behind the times_. #immemor beneficiōrum, memor patriae#, _Ph._ 2, 27, _forgetful of kindnesses, never forgetting his country_. So also #cōnscius#, #cōnsultus#, #īnscius#, #īnsolēns#, #īnsolitus#, #īnsuētus#, #iēiūnus#, #prōvidus#, #prūdēns#, #rudis#. (_c._) #praedae

## participēs#, Caes. _C._ 3, 82, 1, _sharing in the booty_. #manifestus

tantī sceleris#, S. _I._ 35, 8, _caught in committing this atrocious crime_. #expers glōriae#, _IP._ 57, _without a share in the glory_. So also #adfīnis#, #compos#, #cōnsors#, #exhērēs#, #potēns#, #reus#. (_d._) #negōtī plēnus#, Pl. _Ps._ 380, _full of business_. #fōns plēnissimus piscium#, _V._ 4, 118, _a fountain swarming with fish_. #refertō praedōnum marī#, _IP._ 31, _when the sea was crammed with corsairs_. So also #fertilis#, #inops#, #līberālis#, #nūdus#, #prōfūsus#.

1264. In poetry and late prose, a great many other adjectives of these meanings, besides those mentioned above, are also used with the genitive. Such are principally: (_a._) #avārus#, #cūriōsus#, #incūriōsus#, #sēcūrus#. (_b._) #nescius#, #praesāgus#, #praescius#, #scītus#. (_c._) #exsors#, #immūnis#, #impos#, #impotēns#, #innocēns#, #innoxius#, #īnsōns#, #noxius#, #suspectus#. (_d._) #abundāns#, #dīves#, #egēnus#, #inānis#, #indigus#, #largus#, #parcus#, #pauper#, #prōdigus#, #sterilis#, #vacuus#.

1265. With #cōnscius# and the genitive of a thing, the dative of a person is sometimes added: as, #tot flāgitiōrum exercituī meō cōnscius#, Ta. 1, 43, _a participant with my army in so many outrages_. Sometimes #cōnscius# has the dative of a thing: as, #mēns cōnscia factīs#, Lucr. 3, 1018, _the mind of guilt aware_.

1266. (2.) The genitive of the object is often used with present

## participles which express permanent condition.

These participles are chiefly from verbs which have a transitive use. Not common in old Latin: as, #amantem uxōris#, Pl. _As._ 857, _devoted to his wife_, #fugitāns lītium#, T. _Ph._ 623, _inclined to dodge a suit at law_. Very common in Cicero: as, #semper appetentēs glōriae praeter cēterās gentīs fuistis#, _IP._ 7, _you have always been more hungry for glory than any other nation_. Especially in set expressions: as, #homo amantissimus patriae#, _Sull._ 34, #vir amantissimus rē̆ī pūblicae#, _C._ 4, 13, _ever a devoted patriot_. #negōtī gerentēs#, _Sest._ 97, _business men_. #aliēnī appetēns#, _DO._ 2, 135, S. _C._ 5, 4, _always hankering after other people’s things_. In Caesar seldom: as, #fugiēns labōris#, _C._ 1, 69, 3, _apt to shirk exertion_.

1267. The genitive is hardly ever found with adjectives in #-āx# (284): as, #huius re͡i mendācem#, Pl. _As._ 855, _untruthful in this point_. But in poetry, from Vergil and Horace on, and in late prose, a few genitives occur with adjectives whose parallel verbs have a transitive use, such as #capāx#, #edāx#, #tenāx#, &c.: as, #tempus edāx rērum#, O. 15, 234, _thou all-devourer--time_.

1268. Some of the adjectives which usually take the genitive have occasionally other constructions.

Thus, with #adfīnis# the dative also occurs (1200), rarely with #aemulus# (1183); the ablative with adjectives of fulness, as #dīves#, #plēnus#, and #refertus# (1387); #iūre# with #cōnsultus# and #perītus# (1385). For #vacuus#, &c., see 1306. Prepositional constructions also occur with these adjectives, such as the accusative with #ad# or #in#, or the ablative with #ab#, #dē#, or #in#: see the dictionary.

1269. For the genitive, with words denoting relationship, connection, friendship, or hostility, see 1203; with #similis#, 1204. With #dignus# and #indignus#, _worthy_ and _unworthy_, the ablative is regularly used (1392); rarely the genitive: as, #nōn ego sum dignus salūtis?# Pl. _Tri._ 1153, _don’t I deserve a greeting too?_ #indignus avōrum#, V. 12, 649, _unworthy of my sires_.

1270. (3.) In poetry and late prose, the genitive is used very freely with many adjectives of various meanings, often merely to indicate what they apply to: as,

#nēmō mīlitāris rē̆ī callidior habēbātur#, Ta. _H._ 2, 32, _at soldiering nobody was thought to have a greater knack_. #vetus operis ac labōris#, Ta. 1, 20, _an old hand at the toil and moil of army life_. #aevī mātūrus Acestēs#, V. 5, 73, _Acestes, ripe in years_. #sērī studiōrum#, H. _S._ 1, 10, 21, _what laggards at your books_. #integer vītae scelerisque pūrus#, H. 1, 22, 1, _the man unspotted in his life and clean of sin_. #fessī rērum#, V. 1, 178, _in travail spent_. #satin tū sānu’s mentis aut animī tuī?# Pl. _Tri._ 454, _art thou quite right in thy five wits?_ (1339).

III. THE GENITIVE WITH VERBS.

VERBS OF VALUING.

1271. A few neuter adjectives of quantity are put in the genitive with verbs of valuing to denote the amount of estimation; such genitives are:

#magnī#, #plūris#, #plūrimī#; #parvī#, #minōris#, #minimī#; #tantī#, #quantī#.

The verbs with which these genitives are used are #aestimō#, #dūcō#, #faciō#, #habeō#, #pendō#, #putō#, and #sum#; rarely #exīstimō#: as, #magnī opera eius aestimāta est#, N. 24, 1, 2, _his services were rated high_. #nōn magnī pendō#, Pl. _As._ 460, _I don’t care much_. #sua parvī pendere#, S. _C._ 12, 2, _a setting small store by what they had of their own_. #Verrēsne tibī̆ tantī fuit?# _V._ 1, 77, _was Verres so important in your eyes?_ #est mihī̆ tantī#. _C._ 2, 15, _it is well worth my while_. #quantī is ā cīvibus suīs fieret īgnōrābās?# _V._ 4, 19, _did not you know how the man was prized by his own townsmen?_ Rarely #maximī#: as, #maximī aestimāre#, _Clu._ 159, _to think all the world of_.

1272. In expressions of worthlessness, other genitives are also used thus; such are #nihilī#, or, usually with a negative, #āssis#, #floccī#, #naucī#, #pilī#, #teruncī#: as, #nōn āssis facis?# Cat. 43, 13, _car’st not a doit?_ So also #huius#: as, #huius nōn faciam#, T. _Ad._ 163, _I shall not care a snap_.

1273. With #aestimō#, the ablatives #magnō# and #permagnō# are sometimes used: as, #quid? tū ista permagnō aestimās?# _V._ 4, 13, _tell me, do you rate that sort of thing very high yourself?_ Compare 1390.

1274. The genitives #tantī# and #quantī#, #plūris# and #minōris# are also used with verbs of buying and selling, hiring and letting, and costing. But other words are put in the ablative with these verbs: see 1391. For #magnī#, &c., with #rēfert# and #interest#, see 1279.

1275. A similar genitive occurs in one or two set forms, such as #aequī bonīque dīcō#, or #faciō#, #aequī faciō#, and #bonī cōnsulō#: as, #istūc, Chremēs, aequī bonīque faciō#, T. _Hau._ 787, _I count that, Chremes, fair and good_. #aequī istūc faciō#, Pl. _MG._ 784, _that’s all the same to me_.

THE VERBS #rēfert# AND #interest#.

1276. #rēfert# and #interest#, _it concerns_, are much alike in meaning and in construction. But the use of #rēfert# is characteristic of old Latin and poetry; in prose from Cicero on it is almost supplanted by #interest#, especially where persons are concerned.

1277. (1.) With #rēfert# and #interest#, a first or second person concerned is denoted by the possessive pronoun forms #meā#, #tuā#, #nostrā#, #vestrā#; and, from Cicero on, the third person reflexive by #suā#: as,

(_a._) #quid id rēfert meā?# Pl. _Cur._ 395, _what’s that to me?_ #tuā istūc rēfert maxumē#, Pl. _Tri._ 319, _that is of most concern to thee_. #nōn suā rēferre#, _Quinct._ 19, _that it did not concern him_. #nōn nostrā magis quam vestrā rēfert vōs nōn rebellāre#, L. 34, 17, 7, _it is not more for our interest than for your own that you should not make war again_. Without the verb: as, #quid istūc nostrā#, or #quid id nostrā?# T. _Ph._ 800, 940, _what’s that to us?_ (_b._) #tuā et meā maximē interest tē valēre#, _Fam._ 16, 4, 4, _your health is a matter of the highest importance to you and to me_. #vestrā hōc maximē interest#, _Sull._ 79, _this is of vital moment to you_.

1278. (2.) With #interest#, from Cicero on, a third person or thing concerned is denoted by the genitive. Also with #rēfert#, a few times from Sallust on: as,

(_a._) #quid eius intererat?# _RA._ 96, _what concern was it of his?_ #interesse rē̆ī pūblicae sē cum Pompēiō colloquī#, Caes. _C._ 1, 24, 5, _that it was of importance to the common weal that he should have a parley with Pompey_. (_b._) #faciundum aliquid, quod illōrum magis quam suā rētulisse vidērētur#, S. _I._ 111, 1, _that he must do something which should seem more for the other side’s good than his own_. For the accusative with #ad# with these verbs, or for the dative with #rēfert#, see the dictionary.

1279. The matter of concern is expressed by a sentence or infinitive, or by a neuter pronoun; rarely by an appellative: as, #nōn quō meā interesset locī nātūra#, _Att._ 3, 19, 1, _not that the character of the place concerned me_. The degree of concern is expressed by an adverb, as #magnopere#, by a neuter accusative, as #multum#, or by a genitive of estimation, #magnī#, #permagnī#, #plūris#, #parvī#, #tantī#, #quantī# (1271).

[Erratum: 1277a ... T. _Ph._ 800, 940 _Ph_ 800]

JUDICIAL VERBS.

1280. Verbs of accusing, convicting, condemning, and acquitting, take a genitive of the charge: as,