Part 24

#accēdere in fūnus#, _Leg._ 2, 66, _to go to a funeral_. #in morbum incidit#, _Clu._ 175, _he fell ill_.

1191. Some verbs of intransitive use take, when compounded, either the dative or the accusative. See #adiaceō#, #antecēdō#, #anteeō#, #praecurrō#, #praestō#, #incēdō#, #inlūdō#, #īnsultō#, #invādō#, in the dictionary. And some compounds acquire a transitive use altogether, as #obeō#, #oppugnō#: see 1137.

[Errata: 1188 ... _Ph._ 2, 75, _Dolabella was on hand in all these battles_. _Ph_ 2, 75, #pontō nox incubat ātra#, V. 1, 89 #pontō nox incubat ātra#.]

WITH VERBS OF TRANSITIVE USE.

1192. (1.) Many verbs of transitive use take the dative: as,

#ē̆ī fīliam suam in mātrimōnium dat#, 1, 3, 5, _he gives this person his own daughter in marriage_. #decima legiō ē̆ī grātiās ēgit#, 1, 41, 1, _the tenth legion gave him thanks_. #huic fert subsidium Puliō#, 5, 44, 13, _to him Pulio brings aid_. #multīs idem minātur Antōnius#, _Ph._ 11, 2, _to many Antony threatens the same_. #reliquī sēsē fugae mandārunt#, 1, 12, 3, _the rest betook themselves to flight_. #commendō vōbīs meum parvum fīlium#, _C._ 4, 23, _unto your keeping do I commit the little son of mine_. #multī sē aliēnissimīs crēdidērunt#, 6, 31, 4, _many people put themselves in the hands of utter strangers_. #equitēs imperat cīvitātibus#, 6, 4, 6, _he issues orders to the communities for horse_.

1193. This dative is used with such verbs as #dō#, #trādō#, #tribuō#, #dīvidō#, #ferō#, #praebeō#, #praestō#, #polliceor#, #prōmittō#, #dēbeō#, #negō#, #mōnstrō#, #dīcō#, #nārrō#, #mandō#, #praecipiō#, &c., &c. In the passive construction, the accusative becomes nominative, the dative remaining.

1194. (2.) Many verbs of transitive use compounded with a preposition take a dative connected in sense with the preposition: as,

#nihil novī vōbīs adferam#, _RP._ 1, 21, _I shall not lay any novelty before you_. #lēgēs omnium salūtem singulōrum salūtī antepōnunt#, _Fin._ 3, 64, _the law always puts the general safety before the safety of the individual_. #timōrem bonīs iniēcistis#, _Agr._ 1, 23, _you have struck terror into the hearts of patriots_. #nōluērunt ferīs corpus obicere#, _RA._ 71, _they would not cast his person before ravenous beasts_. #nēminem huic praeferō#, N. 8, 1, 1, _there is nobody I put before him_. #hībernīs Labiēnum praeposuit#, 1, 54, 2, _he put Labienus over the winter-quarters_. #anitum ōva gallīnīs saepe suppōnimus#, _DN._ 2, 124, _we often put ducks’ eggs under hens_.

1195. The prepositions are #circum#, #dē#, #ex#, #post#, or those named in 1189. In many compounds of transitive use, however, the dative is due to the general meaning of the verb, as with those spoken of in 1189.

1196. With these verbs, a prepositional construction is often used, as with the verbs of intransitive use (1190): as,

#iam diū nihil novī ad nōs adferēbātur#, _Fam._ 2, 14, _no news has got to us this long time_. For compounds of #circum# and #trāns# with two accusatives, see 1138.

1197. Verbs of transitive use compounded with #com-# have oftener the ablative with #cum#: as, #cōnferte hanc pācem cum illō bellō#, _V._ 4, 115, _just compare this peace with that war_. See also in the dictionary, #coniungō# and #compōnō#; also the indirect compounds #comparō#, _compare_, from #compār#, and #commūnicō#.

1198. With a few compounds of #ad# or #in#, a second accusative is exceptionally used: as, #arbitrum illum adēgit#, _Off._ 3, 66, _he had the other man up before a daysman_. So with #inmittō#, Pl. _Cap._ 548, #īnsinuō#, Lucr. 1, 116, &c., &c. Regularly with #animum advertō#: as, #animum advertī columellam#, _TD._ 5, 65, _I noticed a modest shaft_. #quā rē animum adversā#, Caes. _C._ 1, 80, 4, _this fact being paid heed to_: compare 1138.

1199. A few compound verbs admit either the dative of the person or thing and accusative of the thing, or the accusative of the person or thing and ablative of the thing; such are #adspergō# and #īnspergō#, #circumdō#, #circumfundō#, #exuō# and #induō#, #impertiō#, #interclūdō#; also the uncompounded #dōnō#: as, #praedam mīlitibus dōnat#, 7, 11, 9, _he presents the booty to the soldiers_. #scrībam tuum ānulō dōnāstī#, _V._ 3, 185, _you presented your clerk with a ring_. For the different constructions of #interdīcō#, see the dictionary.

THE DATIVE WITH ADJECTIVES.

1200. The dative with many adjectives and some adverbs denotes that to which the quality is directed.

Such have the meaning of _useful_, _necessary_, _fit_, _easy_, _agreeable_, _known_, _near_, _belonging_, _friendly_, _faithful_, _like_, and most of their opposites; the adjective is often predicative: as, #vēr ūtile silvīs# (1036), V. _G._ 2, 323, _the spring is good for woods_. #est senātōrī necessārium nōsse rem pūblicam#, _Leg._ 3, 41, _for a senator it is indispensable to be conversant with government_. #ōrātiōnis genus pompae quam pugnae aptius#, _O._ 42, _a style better suited to the parade than to the field_. #convenienter nātūrae vīvere#, _Off._ 3, 13, _to live in touch with nature_.

1201. Some adjectives of this class have the dative of a person, the accusative with #ad# of a thing: so #accommodātus#, #aptus#, #idōneus#, #necessārius#, and #ūtilis#; and some denoting feeling have also the accusative with a preposition: #aequus#, #inīquus#, #fidēlis# with #in#, #benevolus# with #ergā#, and #impius# with #adversus#. #propior# and #proximus# sometimes accompany an accusative, like #prope#, #propius#, and #proximē#.

1202. The adjectives #commūnis#, #proprius# or #aliēnus#, #sacer#, #tōtus#, often accompany the construction of the genitive of the owner: see 1238. For #aliēnus# with the ablative, see 1306. Sometimes #aliēnus# has the ablative with #ab#.

1203. Some adjectives denoting relationship, connection, friendship or hostility, become substantives, and as such, admit the genitive also (1103): such are (_a._) #adfīnis#, #cōgnātus#; (_b._) #aequālis#, #familiāris#, #fīnitimus#, #pār# and #dispār#, #propīnquus#, #vīcīnus#; (_c._) #adversārius#, #amīcus#, #inimīcus#, #necessārius#.

1204. In Plautus and Terence, #similis#, _the like_, _the counterpart_, and its compounds, regularly take the genitive. The dative, as well as the genitive, is also used from Ennius on, particularly of a limited or approximate likeness: see the dictionary.

(2.) THE OPTIONAL COMPLEMENT.

1205. The dative of a person or thing interested, benefited, harmed, may be added at option to almost any verb: as,

#cōnservāte parentī fīlium, parentem fīliō#, _Cael._ 80, _save the son for the father, the father for the son_. #mea domus tibī̆ patet, mihī̆ clausa est#, _RA._ 145, _the very house I own is open for you, is shut upon me_. #cui flāvam religās comam, simplex munditiīs?# H. 1, 5, 4, _for whom bind’st thou in wreaths thy golden hair, plain in thy neatness?_ #nōn audēret facere haec viduae mulierī, quae in mē fēcit#, T. _Hau._ 953, _he durst not to an unprotected female do what he hath done towards me_.

1206. The place of a verb with the dative of interest is sometimes filled by an interjection, #ecce#, #ei#, #em#, or #vae#: as, #ei mihi quālis erat#, E. 1, 7, V. 2, 274, _ah me, how ghastly he did look_. #vae vīctīs#, Pl. _Ps._ 1317, said by Brennus, 390 B.C., L. 5, 48, 9, _woe worth the worsted_. #vae capitī atque aetātī tuae#, Pl. _R._ 375, _a murrain on thy head and life_.

1207. The dative is often added to the entire sentence, where either a genitive or a possessive pronoun limiting a substantive might be used.

In such cases the dative expresses interest, advantage, or disadvantage, while the genitive would simply indicate the owner or the object: as, #trānsfīgitur scūtum Puliōni#, 5, 44, 7, _unfortunately for Pulio, his shield gets pierced through and through_. #mīlitantī in Hispāniā pater ē̆ī moritur#, L. 29, 29, 6, _while serving in Spain he had the misfortune to lose his father_. #huic ego mē bellō ducem profiteor#, _C._ 2, 11, _I here proclaim myself captain for this war_. #sēsē Caesarī ad pedēs prōiēcērunt#, 1, 31, 2, _they cast themselves at Caesar’s feet_. #nostrīs mīlitibus spem minuit#, 5, 33, 5, _it dashed the hopes of our soldiers_. #extergē tibi manūs#, Pl. _Most._ 267, _wipe off thy hands_. #vellunt tibi barbam lascīvī puerī#, H. _S._ 1, 3, 133, _the wanton gamins pull thy beard, poor soul_.

1208. This dative is sometimes detached from the verb, and used immediately with a substantive, instead of the genitive: as, #Philocōmasiō custōs#, Pl. _MG._ 271, _the keeper for Philocomasium_. #rēctor iuvenī#, Ta. 1, 24, _a mentor for the young man_. So

## particularly with a gerundive in official expressions: as, #cūrātor

mūrīs reficiendīs#, _OG._ 19, _commissioner for rebuilding the walls_.

1209. Verbs of warding off sometimes take a dative, especially in poetry, also those of robbing and ridding: as, (_a._) #hunc quoque arcēbis gravidō pecorī#, V. _G._ 3, 154, _him also wilt thou for the pregnant herd keep far_. #sōlstitium pecorī dēfendite#. V. _E._ 7, 47, _the summer’s heat keep distant for the flock_. (_b._) #torquem dētrāxit hostī#, _Fin._ 1, 35, _he pulled a torque away from his enemy_. #ēripiēs mihī̆ hunc errōrem#, _Att._ 10, 4, 6, _you will rid me of this mistake_.

1210. With verbs of motion the dative of the person interested denotes in poetry the end of motion also: as, #multōs Danaūm dēmittimus Orcō#, V. 2, 398, _we send down many a Danaan for the nether king_. So also the dative of personified words of place: as, #it clāmor caelō#, V. 5, 451, _up goes a shout for heaven_, i.e. _heaven hears a shout_. #sēdibus hunc refer ante suīs#, V. 6, 152, _first bear him duly to his place of rest_, i.e. let his expectant grave receive him.

THE EMOTIONAL DATIVE.

1211. The dative of the personal pronoun is often used with expressions of emotion, interest, surprise, or derision: as,

#quid mihi Celsus agit?# H. _E._ 1, 3, 15, _how fares me Celsus?_ #Tongilium mihī̆ ēdūxit#, _C._ 2, 4, _he took out Tongilius, bless my soul_. #at tibī̆ repente, cum minimē exspectārem, vēnit ad mē Canīnius māne#, _Fam._ 9, 2, 1, _but bless you, sir, when I least dreamt of it, who should drop in on me all at once but Caninius, bright and early_.

THE DATIVE OF THE POSSESSOR.

1212. The dative is used with forms of #sum# to denote the possessor: as,

#est hominī cum deō similitūdō#, _Leg._ 1, 25, _man has a resemblance to god_. #an nescīs longās rēgibus esse manūs?# O. _E._ 16, 166, _dost possibly not know kings have long arms?_ #suos quoique mōs#, T. _Ph._ 454, _to every man his own pet way_. So also with the compounds #absum#, #dēsum#, #supersum#: as, #hoc ūnum Caesarī dēfuit#, 4, 26, 5, _this was all Caesar lacked_.

1213. (1.) With #mihī̆ est nōmen#, the name is put either in the dative or in the nominative: as,

#mihī̆ nomen est Iūliō#, or #mihī̆ nōmen est Iūlius#, Gell. 15, 29, 1, _my name is Julius_. In old Latin and in Sallust, the dative: as, #nōmen Mercuriōst mihī#, Pl. _Am. prol._ 19, _my name is Mercury_; later the nominative: as, #canibus pigrīs nōmen erit Pardus, Tigris, Leo#, J. 8, 34, _the craven cur shall sport the name of ‘Lion, Tiger, Pard.’_ Cicero uses the nominative or rarely the dative, Livy oftener the dative than the nominative. Tacitus puts adjectives in the dative, substantives in the nominative, rarely in the genitive. Caesar does not use the construction.

1214. (2.) With the actives #nōmen dō#, #indō#, #pōnō#, #tribuō#, &c., the name may be in the dative or in the accusative; with the passive of these expressions, the name may be in the dative or in the nominative: as,

#quī tibi nōmen īnsānō posuēre#, H. _S._ 2, 3, 47, _who’ve put on thee the nickname Crank_. #quī fīliīs Philippum atque Alexandrum nōmina inposuerat#, L. 35, 47, 5, _who had given his sons the names Philip and Alexander_. A genitive dependent on #nōmen# is used once by Tacitus and in very late Latin.

1215. With a gerundive, the dative of the possessor denotes the person who has the action to do: see 2243. For the ablative with #ab#, or for #habeō#, see 2243, 2245.

1216. This dative is sometimes used with the perfect participle, and the tenses formed with it: as, #mihī̆ est ēlabōrātum#, _Caecil._ 40, _I have it all worked out_. #carmina nūlla mihī sunt scrīpta#, O. _Tr._ 5, 12, 35, _no poetry have I ready made_. Rarely with passives of the present system: as, #nūlla placēre diū nec vīvere carmina possunt, quae scrībuntur aquae pōtōribus#, H. _E._ 1, 19, 2, _no verse can take or be longlived that by teetotallers is writ_.

THE DATIVE OF RELATION.

1217. The dative may denote the person viewing or judging: as,

#eris mihi magnus Apollō#, V. _E._ 3, 104, _thou shalt to me the great Apollo be_. #Quīntia fōrmōsa est multīs, mihi candida, longa, rēcta est#, Cat. 86, 1, _in many eyes is Quintia fair, to me she’s bonny, tall, and straight_. From Caesar on, participles are often used to denote the person viewing or judging: as, #est urbe ēgressīs tumulus#, V. 2, 713, _there is, as you get out of town, a mound_. #in ūniversum aestimantī#, Ta. _G._ 6, _looking at it generally_.

1218. In imitation of a Greek idiom, #volēns#, #cupiēns#, or #invītus#, is used by Sallust and Tacitus in agreement with a dative dependent on a form of #sum#, the combination being equivalent to a subject with a form of #volō#, #cupiō#, or #invītus sum#, respectively: as, #cēterīs remanēre volentibus fuit#, Ta. _H._ 3, 43, i.e. #cēterī remanēre voluērunt#, _the rest were minded to bide where they were_. Once in Livy.

II. THE PREDICATIVE DATIVE.

THE DATIVE OF TENDENCY OR RESULT.

1219. (1.) Certain datives are used with a form of #sum# to denote what a thing tends to, proves, or is. This dative is generally accompanied by a dative of the person interested: as,

#auxiliō īs fuit#, Pl. _Am. prol._ 92, _he was a help to them_. #odiō sum Rōmānīs#, L. 35, 19, 6, _I am an abomination in the eyes of Rome_. #potestne bonum cuiquam malō esse?# _Par._ 7, _can good prove bad for any human being?_ #L. Cassius identidem quaerere solēbat, cui bonō fuisset#, _RA._ 84, _Cassius used to ask for ever and ever, who the person benefited was_, or _who the gainer was_. #nēminī meus adventus labōrī aut sūmptuī fuit#, _V._ 1, 16, _my visit did not prove a bother or an expense to a soul_. #rēs et fortūnae tuae mihī̆ maximae cūrae sunt#, _Fam._ 6, 5, 1, _your money-matters are an all-absorbing interest to me_.

1220. There are many of these datives, mostly abstracts and all singular, some of the commonest are #cūrae#, #ūsuī#, #praesidiō#, #cordī#, #odiō#, #auxiliō#, #impedīmentō#, #salūtī#, #voluptātī#. The adjectives #magnus#, #maior#, #maximus#, or #tantus# and #quantus#, are sometimes used in agreement with them; and the dative #frūgī# sometimes has #bonae#.

1221. Instead of the dative of tendency, a predicative nominative or accusative is rarely used: thus, #possessiōnem līberam Dardaniae sōlāciō fore#, L. 40, 57, 9, _that the unrestricted occupancy of Dardania would prove comforting_, but, #domestica quiēs sōlācium fuit#, L. 6, 30, 9, _the peace that prevailed at home was a solid comfort_. Prepositional expressions with #prō# and #in# also occur.

1222. (2.) The dative is also used with a few verbs of considering or accounting to denote what a thing is accounted.

So with such verbs as #dō#, #dūcō#, #habeō#, #tribuō#, and #vertō#: as, #vitiō mihī̆ dant, quod mortem hominis necessāriī graviter ferō#, Matius in _Fam._ 11, 28, 2, _the world scores it against me that I take the murder of a near and dear friend to heart_. #postquam paupertās probrō habērī coepit#, S. _C._ 12, 1, _after lack of wealth began to count as a stigma_.

THE DATIVE OF PURPOSE OR INTENTION.

1223. A few datives are used to denote what a thing is intended to be. This dative is generally accompanied by a dative of the person interested.

So (_a._) #dōnō# and #mūnerī#: as, #ēmit eam dōnō mihī̆#, T. _Eu._ 135, _he bought her as a gift for me_. #centum bovēs mīlitibus dōnō dedit#, L. 7, 37, 3, _he gave the soldiers a hundred oxen as a present_. Also (_b._) #auxiliō#, #praesidiō#, and #subsidiō#, used of military operations, chiefly with verbs of motion: as, #iī, quī praesidiō contrā castra erant relictī, subsidiō suīs iērunt#, 7, 62, 8, _the men that had been left as a protection against the camp, went as a reinforcement to their own side_.

1224. For the datives #dōnō# and #mūnerī#, a predicative nominative or accusative is sometimes used: as, #corōnam Iovī dōnum in capitōlium mittunt#, L. 2, 22, 6, _they send a crown to the capitol as a present for Jupiter_. Prepositional expressions are also used for #auxiliō#, &c.: as, #ad praesidium#, L. 3, 5, 3, #in praesidium#, L. 31, 16, 7, _for protection_, #auxiliī causā#, L. 2, 24, 4, _to help_.

1225. The dative #receptuī# is also used in military language to denote purpose: as, #Caesar receptuī canī iussit#, 7, 47, 1, _Caesar ordered the retreat sounded_. #Quīnctius receptuī canere iussit#, L. 34, 39, 13. This dative is sometimes attached immediately to a substantive: as, #receptuī sīgnum#, _Ph._ 13, 15, _the trumpet for retreat_.

[Erratum: 1224 ... as, #ad praesidium# as.]

THE GENITIVE.

1226. The genitive is principally used with nouns, less frequently with verbs. Sometimes even when it seems to be dependent on a verb, it really depends on a substantive understood, or on a noun virtually contained or implied in the verb. Some verbs require an accusative also, in addition to the genitive.

I. THE GENITIVE WITH SUBSTANTIVES.

1227. A substantive is often limited by another substantive in the genitive.

The things denoted by the two words are usually distinct: as, #metus hostium#, _the fear of the enemy_, i.e. either (_a._) which they feel (1231), or (_b._) which is felt towards them (1260); #magnī ponderis saxa#, _stones of great weight_ (1239). Sometimes, however, they are more or less the same: as, #mīlitum pars#, _part of the soldiers_ (1242); #magna multitūdō perditōrum hominum#, _a perfect swarm of desperadoes_ (1255).

1228. Two or even three genitives expressing different relations, sometimes limit one substantive: as, #superiōrum diērum Sabīnī cunctātiō#, 3, 18, 6, _Sabinus’s dilatoriness in days preceding_. #eōrum diērum cōnsuētūdine itineris nostrī exercitūs perspectā#, 2, 17, 2, _studying up the order of march followed by our army in those days_.

1229. The limited substantive is often omitted, when it is obvious from the context: as, #ventum erat ad Vestae#, sc. #aedem#, H. _S._ 1, 9, 35, _to Vesta’s were we come_, i.e. to her temple. #aberam bīduī#, sc. #iter#, _Att._ 5, 17, 1, _I was two days distant_. Usually so, when it is expressed with another genitive, which generally precedes: as, #quis est, quī possit cōnferre vītam Trebōnī cum Dolābellae?# _Ph._ 11, 9, _who is there that can compare the life of Trebonius with Dolabella’s?_

1230. Instead of the genitive depending on a substantive, an equivalent adjective or a prepositional expression is often used. Such substitutions will be mentioned below in their appropriate places.

1231. The relations expressed by the limiting genitive vary very much according to the context. These relations may be put in classes, as below (1232-1260). But it must be remembered that as the genitive connects substantives in a loose way, the same construction may sometimes be referred to more than one head.

THE GENITIVE OF THE SUBJECT, CAUSE, ORIGIN, OR OWNER.

1232. (1.) The genitive is used to denote that which does the action, or which causes, originates, or possesses the object designated by the substantive it limits: as,

#metus hostium#, Gell. 9, 12, 13, _the fear of the enemy_, i.e. which they feel. #adventus Caesaris#, 6, 41, 4, _the arrival of Caesar_. #bellum Venetōrum#, 3, 16, 1, _the war with the Venetans_. #illud Solōnis#, _CM._ 50, _Solon’s memorable words_. #Canachī sīgna#, _Br._ 70, _statues by Canachus_. #Cupīdinis sīgnum#, _V._ 4, 135, _the statue representing Cupid_. #huius sīgnīs#, _V._ 3, 9, _with statues belonging to this man_. #pācem Ariovistī#, 1, 37, 2, _a peaceful policy on Ariovistus’s part_. #Cannārum pugna#, L. 23, 43, 4, _the battle of Cannae_ (1427). #abacī vāsa omnia#, _V._ 4, 35, _all the vessels on the sideboard_. #prīdiē eius diēī#, 1, 47, 2, _the day before that day_ (1413). #labrōrum tenus#, Lucr. 1, 940, _the length of the lips_ (1420).

1233. Instead of the genitive, an adjective is often used to express such relations; less frequently a prepositional construction: as,

(_a._) #odium paternum#, N. 23, 1, 3, _the hatred felt by his father_. #servīlī tumultū#, 1, 40, 5, _in the slave insurrection_. #bellō Cassiānō#, 1, 13, 2, _in the war with Cassius_. #illud Cassiānum, cui bonō fuerit#, _Ph._ 2, 35, _Cassius’s test question, ‘who the gainer was.’_ #erīlis patria#, Pl. _B._ 170, _my master’s birthplace_. #intrā domesticōs parietēs#, _C._ 2, 1, _within the walls of our houses_. So usually with names of countries and of towns: as, #anus Corinthia#, T. _Hau._ 600, _an old woman of Corinth_. #pugna Cannēnsis#, L. 22, 50, 1, _the battle of Cannae_. Often in a generalizing sense: as, #paternus māternusque sanguī̆s#, _RA._ 66, _the blood of a father and of a mother_. (_b._) #ad Cannās pugnam#, L. 22, 58, 1, _the battle of Cannae_.

1234. The possessive pronoun is regularly used instead of the possessive genitive of a personal or reflexive pronoun (1230): as,

#mea domus#, _RA._ 145, _my own house_. #in tuā quādam epistolā#, _Att._ 9, 10, 3, _in a letter of yours_. But sometimes, for emphasis, the genitive of the personal or reflexive is used: as, #magnō suī cum perīculō#, 4, 28, 2, _with great personal risk_; commonly so with #omnium# or #utriusque#: as, #voluntātī vestrūm omnium pāruī#, _DO._ 3, 208, _I yielded to your joint wish_; see however 1235.

1235. A word in apposition with the possessive pronoun is put in the genitive: as, #meā ūnīus operā#, _Pis._ 6, _by my sole instrumentality_. #ad vestram omnium caedem#, _C._ 4, 4, _for the murder of you all_ (1230). So particularly #ipse#, #omnis#, #sōlus#, and #ūnus#.

1236. The genitive is often used predicatively with verbs meaning _am_, _belong_, _become_, _make_, _seem_, _am accounted_, &c., &c.: as,

#litterāriī ista sunt lūdī#, Quint. 1, 4, 27, _such questions belong to the infant school_. #hīc versus Plautī nōn est, hīc est#, _Fam._ 9, 16, 4, _this line is not Plautus’s, this one is_. #omnia, quae mulieris fuērunt, virī fīunt#, _Top._ 23, _everything which was the woman’s becomes the man’s_. #neque sē iūdicāre Galliam potius esse Ariovistī quam populī Rōmānī#, 1, 45, 1, _and that he did not think Gaul was any more Ariovistus’s than it was the Romans’_. #hostiumst potīta#, Pl. _E._ 562, _into the foemen’s hands she fell_.

1237. The possessive genitive of a person or of an abstract is

## particularly common when the subject of the verb is an infinitive or

sentence: as,

(_a._) #scyphīs pugnāre Thrācum est#, H. 1, 27, 1, _to fight with bowls is Vandal work_. #erat āmentis, cum aciem vidērēs, pācem cōgitāre#, _Lig._ 28, _it was a madman’s act, dreaming of peace when you saw the troops in battalia_. #temporī cēdere semper sapientis est habitum#, _Fam._ 4, 9, 2, _shaping your course to circumstance has always passed as the sign of a wise man_. #mentīrī nōn est meum#, T. _Hau._ 549, _telling lies is not my style_ (1234). (_b._) #nōn est pudōris meī, mē prōpugnātōrem P. Scīpiōnis profitērī#, _V._ 4, 80, _it is not in keeping with my delicacy to set up as the champion of Scipio_. #hārum rērum esse dēfēnsōrem magnī animī est#, _Sest._ 99, _to be the defender of these interests takes heroism_. #hoc sentīre prūdentiae est, facere fortitūdinis#, _Sest._ 86, _to think thus shows wisdom, to act thus, courage_. #negāvit mōris esse Graecōrum, ut in convīviō virōrum accumberent mulierēs#, _V._ 1, 66, _he said it was not manners among the Greeks to have women at table at a men’s dinner-party_.