Part 26

#C. Verrem īnsimulat avāritiae#, _V._ 1, 128, _he charges Verres with avarice_. #accūsātus est prōditiōnis#, N. 1, 7, 5, _he was charged with treason_. #capitis arcēssere#, _D._ 30, _accuse on a capital charge_. #prōditiōnis damnātus est#, N. 2, 8, 2, _he was convicted of treason_. #Pollis pecūniae pūblicae est condemnātus#, _Flacc._ 43, _Pollis was condemned for embezzlement of government money_. #maiestātis absolūtī sunt permultī#, _Clu._ 116, _a good many were acquitted of high treason_. With this genitive, an ablative, #crīmine#, #iūdiciō#, #nōmine#, or #lēge#, is sometimes expressed (1377): as, #nē quem umquam innocentem iūdiciō capitis arcēssās#, _Off._ 2, 51, _that you are never to accuse any innocent man on a charge affecting his status as a citizen_.

1281. The charge is sometimes denoted by a prepositional construction: as, #sescentī sunt, quī inter sīcāriōs et dē venēficiīs accūsābant#, _RA._ 90, _there are hundreds and hundreds that brought charges of murder, by steel and by poison_. So also #dē āleā#, _of gambling_, in Cicero regularly #dē pecūniīs repetundīs#, _of extortion_, and necessarily #dē vī#, _of an act of violence_, as #vīs# has no genitive. For the neuter accusative, see 1172.

1282. The penalty also is sometimes denoted by the genitive: as, #cupiō octuplī damnārī Aprōnium#, _V._ 3, 28, _I want to have Apronius condemned to a payment of eightfold_. #damnātusque longī Sīsyphus Aeolidēs labōris#, H. 2, 14, 19, _and Sisyphus the Aeolid, amerced with penance long_. Sometimes by the ablative: as, #capite#, _V._ 5, 109. So usually from Livy on, when the penalty is a definite sum of money or fractional part of a thing.

IMPERSONAL VERBS OF MENTAL DISTRESS.

1283. A genitive of the thing, commonly with an accusative of the person, is used with five impersonals of mental distress:

#miseret#, #paenitet#, #piget#, #pudet#, #taedet#: as,

#tu͡i mē miseret, me͡i piget#, E. in _Div._ 1, 66, _I pity thee, I loathe myself_. #frātris mē pudet pigetque#, T. _Ad._ 391, _my brother stirs my shame and my disgust_. #mī pater, mē tu͡i pudet#, T. _Ad._ 681, _dear father, in thy presence I’m abashed_. #galeātum sēro duellī paenitet#, J. 1, 169, _too late, with casque on head, a combatant repenteth him of war_. So also #miserētur#, and in old Latin inceptively, #miserēscit#, #commiserēscit#.

1284. These verbs sometimes have a sentence or a neuter pronoun as subject: as, #nōn tē haec pudent?# T. _Ad._ 754, _does not this make thee blush for shame?_ Rarely an appellative: as, #mē quidem haec condiciō nōn paenitet#, Pl. _St._ 51, _for my part, with my wedded state I’m well content_. Or a person: as, #pudeō#, Pl. _Cas._ 877, _I feel ashamed_. For participles and gerundives, see 817.

1285. The genitive is used with the personals #misereor# or #misereō#, and in poetry with #miserēscō#: as,

#aliquandō miserēminī sociōrum#, _V._ 1, 72, _do take pity on your allies, it is high time_. #nēminis miserēre certumst, quia me͡i miseret nēminem#, Pl. _Cap._ 764, _I’m bound to care for nobody, as no one cares for me_. #Arcadiī miserēscite rēgis#, V. 8, 573, _take pity on the king of Arcady_.

1286. Personal verbs of desiring, loathing, admiring, and dreading, sometimes take the genitive: as, #pol, quamquam domī cupiō, opperiar#, Pl. _Tri._ 841, _although I yearn for home, I vow I’ll wait_ (1263). #fastīdit meī#, Pl. _Aul._ 245, _he views me with disdain_ (1263). #iūstitiaene prius mīrer, bellīne labōrum?# V. 11, 126, _thy justice first shall I admire? thy toils in war?_ #nē tuī quidem testimōnī veritus#, _Att._ 8, 4, 1, _not having any awe about your recommendation either_.

VERBS OF MEMORY.

1287. The genitive is used with verbs of remembering and forgetting when they denote an inherent state of memory or of forgetfulness: as,

#faciam ut meī meminerīs dum vītam vīvās#, Pl. _Per._ 494, _I’ll make you remember me as long as you live_. #num potuī magis oblīvīscī temporum meōrum, meminisse āctiōnum?# _Fam._ 1, 9, 8, _could I have been more forgetful of my present interests, more mindful of my past career?_ #reminīscerētur incommodī populī Rōmānī#, 1, 13, 4, _he had better bear in mind the rebuff dealt out to Rome_. #oblītusque meōrum oblīvīscendus et illīs#, H. _E._ 1, 11, 10, _of friends forgetful and by friends forgot_. See 1263.

1288. The accusative is used with these verbs when they denote the mere intellectual exercise of memory or a failure to remember: as,

#equid meministī tu͡om parentum nōmina?# Pl. _Poen._ 1062, _do you remember your parents’ names?_ #Cinnam meminī vīdī Sūllam#, _Ph._ 5, 17, _I can remember Cinna, I have seen Sulla_. #utinam mēmet possim oblīscier!# Accius ap. Non. 500, 5, _oh that myself I could forget!_ #subitō tōtam causam oblītus est#, _Br._ 217, _suddenly he forgot the whole case_.

1289. #recordor# has once the genitive (_Pis._ 12), but from its meaning _bring to heart_ it is naturally found oftener with the accusative. With it and with #meminī#, the ablative with #dē# also occurs. The rare #reminīscor# has the genitive once each in Caesar and Nepos; twice later; oftener the accusative. Neuter pronouns are in the accusative with all these verbs.

1290. The impersonal #venit in mentem# also takes the genitive: as, #venit mihī̆ Platōnis in mentem#, _Fin._ 5, 2, _Plato comes into my head_; very exceptionally the ablative with #dē#. But the verb in this combination is often used personally, with the thing occurring to the mind as the subject, and regularly in Cicero, when it is #rēs# or #genus#, or a neuter pronoun.

1291. Verbs of reminding take the accusative of a person and sometimes with it the genitive of a thing: as,

#admonēbat alium egestātis, alium cupiditātis suae#, S. _C._ 21, 4, _he reminded one man of his beggary, another of his greed_. So also #commoneō#, #commonē̆faciō#, and, in Tacitus only, #moneō#. Oftener however the thing is in the ablative with #dē#, or, if it is a neuter pronoun or adjective, in the accusative (1172). Rarely a substantive equivalent to a neuter pronoun: as, #eam rem nōs locus admonuit#, S. _I._ 79, 1, _the place has reminded me of that_.

[Errata: 1288 ... #Cinnam meminī vīdī Sūllam# vidī 1289 ... the ablative with #dē# also occurs. de]

VERBS OF PARTICIPATION AND MASTERY.

1292. Verbs of participation and mastery sometimes take the genitive in old Latin and in poetry: as, #servom su͡i participat cōnsilī#, Pl. _Cist._ 163, _she makes a slave a sharer in her plot_ (1263). #quā Daunus agrestium rēgnāvit populōrum#, H. 3, 30, 11, _where Daunus was the lord of rural folk_ (1260). So, even in prose, #potior#, which usually has the ablative (1379): as, #totīus Galliae sēsē potīrī posse spērant#, 1, 3, 8, _they hope they can get the mastery over the whole of Gaul_. Especially with persons, or with the genitive plural #rērum#: #rērum potior#, _get to be_, or often, _am, master of the situation_, or _I am monarch of all I survey_. Similarly in Tacitus #apīscor#, #adipīscor#: as, #arma, quīs Servius Galba rērum adeptus est#, Ta. 3, 55, _the war by which Galba became master of the throne_. In Plautus #crēdō# sometimes has the genitive of a thing and dative of a person.

VERBS OF FULNESS AND WANT.

1293. The genitive is sometimes used with verbs of filling, abounding, and lacking, as it is with the corresponding adjectives (1263): as,

#convīvium vīcīnōrum cōtīdiē compleō#, _CM._ 46, _I fill out a dinner-party every day with neighbours_. #haec rēs vītae mē, soror, saturant#, Pl. _St._ 18, _these things, my sister, sicken me of life_. #terra ferārum nunc etiam scatit#, Lucr. 5, 39, _still teems the earth with ravin beasts_. So with #egeō# sometimes: as, #egeō cōnsilī#, _Att._ 7, 22, 2, _I am in need of some advice_. And usually with #indigeō#: as, #hoc bellum indiget celeritātis#, _Ph._ 6, 7, _this war requires rapid

## action_. But, from Livy on, the ablative is commoner with #indigeō#: see

1305.

1294. With verbs of separating and abstaining, the ablative is regularly used (1302). But the genitive is sometimes found in poetry: as, #mē omnium labōrum levās#, Pl. _R._ 247, _thou riddest me of all my woes_. #abstinētō īrārum calidaeque rixae#, H. 3, 27, 69, _from bursts of rage keep thou and hot affray_.

IV. THE GENITIVE OF EXCLAMATION.

1295. In poetry, the genitive with an adjective in agreement occurs two or three times in exclamation: as, #foederis heu tacitī#, Prop. 5, 7, 21, _alas, that secret covenant_. Usually the nominative (1117), or the accusative (1149).

THE ABLATIVE.

1296. The ablative is used principally with verbs and their participles, or with adjectives, and consists of three cases that were originally distinct.

1297. I. The ABLATIVE proper denotes that from which something parts or proceeds (1302).

The ablative proper is often accompanied by the prepositions #ab#, #dē#, #ex#, #prae#, #prō#, #sine#, or #tenus#.

1298. With the ablative proper two other cases, originally distinct, a locative case and an instrumental case, were confounded, and merged under the common name of the ablative.

1299. II. The LOCATIVE case denotes the place in, at, or on which action occurs. A few forms of the locative proper are still preserved (1331). But the place where is ordinarily denoted by the locative ablative (1342).

The locative ablative is often accompanied by the prepositions #in# or #sub#.

1300. III. The INSTRUMENTAL case denotes that by which or with which a main person or thing is attended (1356).

The instrumental ablative is often accompanied by the prepositions #cum# or #cōram#.

1301. The ablative or locative is sometimes attached immediately to a substantive.

Thus, (_a._) sometimes to a substantive which denotes or implies action: as, #interitus ferrō#, _destruction with the sword_, like #intereō ferrō#; see 1307, 1331, 1342, 1376, 1377. (_b._) In constructions in which the ablative is due to an older combination with a verb: as, #vir singulārī virtūte#, _a man of unexampled bravery_. See 1309 and 1375.

I. THE ABLATIVE PROPER.

THE ABLATIVE OF SEPARATION AND WANT, AND OF DEPARTURE.

1302. Verbs of separation take an ablative of the thing from which separation takes place: as,

(_a._) #caruit forō posteā Pompēius, caruit senātū, caruit pūblicō#, _Mil._ 18, _after that Pompey had to keep away from the market place, from the senate, from highways and byways_. #adhūc Q. Ligārius omnī culpā vacat#, _Lig._ 4, _thus far Ligarius proves devoid of any guilt_. #egeō cōnsiliō#, _Att._ 15, 1, A, 5, _I need advice_ (1305). (_b._) #Ītaliā prohibētur: nōn tū eum patriā prīvāre, quā caret, sed vītā vīs#, _Lig._ 11, _he is kept out of Italy; you want to deprive him not of his country, from which he is debarred, but of life_. #līberēmus cūrā populum Rōmānum#, L. 39, 51, 9, Hannibal’s words when he took poison, 183 B.C., _let me relieve Rome of anxiety_.

1303. This ablative is used (_a._) with such verbs as mean _abstain_, #abstineō#, #dēsistō#, #supersedeō#; _am devoid of_, #careō#, #vacō#; _need_, #egeō#; and in addition to the accusative of the object, (_b._) with verbs used transitively, such as mean _keep off_, #arceō#, #exclūdō# and #interclūdō#, #prohibeō#; _drive away_, _remove_, #pellō#, #moveō#, and their compounds; _free_, #expediō#, #līberō#, #levō#, #solvō# and #exsolvō#; _deprive_, #orbō#, #prīvō#, #spoliō#, #nūdō#, #fraudō#.

1304. A preposition, #ab# or #ex#, is often used with these verbs, and regularly when the ablative denotes a person. But #careō# and #egeō#, and #exsolvō# and #levō#, never have a preposition.

1305. With #egeō#, the genitive is sometimes used, and often with #indigeō#: see 1293. Also in poetry, with verbs of abstaining and separating: see 1294.

1306. The ablative of separation is sometimes used with such adjectives as #aliēnus#, #expers#, #līber#, #nūdus#, #vacuus#, &c.: as, #negant id esse aliēnum maiestāte deōrum#, _Div._ 2, 105, _they maintain that this is not at variance with the greatness of the gods_. #vacuī cūrīs#, _Fin._ 2, 46, _devoid of cares_. #arce et urbe orba sum#, E. _Tr._ 114, _of tower and town bereft am I_. But sometimes the genitive: see 1263 and 1264; sometimes also prepositional constructions: for these, and

## particularly for the different constructions of #aliēnus#, see the

dictionary.

TOWN AND ISLAND NAMES.

1307. (1.) Proper names of towns and of little islands are put in the ablative with verbs of motion, to denote the place from which motion proceeds: as,

#Dāmarātus fūgit Tarquiniōs Corinthō#, _TD._ 5, 109, _Damaratus ran away from Corinth to Tarquinii_. #sīgnum Carthāgine captum#, _V._ 4, 82, _the statue carried off from Carthage_. #Megaribus#, Pl. _Per._ 137, _from Megara_. #Lēmnō#, Pl. _Tru._ 90, _from Lemnos_. #Rōmā accēperam litterās#, _Att._ 5, 8, 2, _I had got a letter from Rome_. Rarely with a substantive of motion (1301): as, #dē illīus Alexandrēā discessū#, _Att._ 11, 18, 1, _about his departure from Alexandrea_. Also in dating letters: as, #V kal. Sextīl., Rēgiō#, _Fam._ 7, 19, _Regium, 28 July_; less often the locative: as, #Īdibus Iūniīs, Thessalonīcae#, _QFr._ 1, 3, 10, _Thessalonica, 13 June_. Like a town name: #Ācherunte#, poet. in _TD._ 1, 37, _from Acheron_. With an attribute: #ipsā Samō#, _V._ 1, 51, _from Samos itself_. #Teānō Sidicīnō#, _Att._ 8, 11, B, 2, _from Sidicinian Teanum_.

1308. Singular town or island names sometimes have #ex# in old Latin: thus, #Carystō#, Pl. _Ps._ 730, _from Carystus_, or, #ex Carystō#, _Ps._ 737, indifferently. #ex Andrō#, T. _Andr._ 70, _from Andros_. In classical Latin, town names rarely have #ab#: as, #ab Athēnīs proficīscī#, Serv. in _Fam._ 4, 12, 2, _to start from Athens_; chiefly of neighbourhood: as, #ab Gergoviā#, 7, 43, 5: 7, 59, 1, _from camp at Gergovia_; or direction: as, #ā Salōnīs ad Ōricum#, Caes. _C._ 3, 8, 4, _from Salonae to Oricum_; regularly with #longē#: as, #longē ā Syrācūsīs#, _V._ 4, 107, _far from Syracuse_.

1309. The ablative of a town or country name is rarely attached immediately to a substantive, to denote origin: as, #Periphanēs Rhodō mercātor dīves#, Pl. _As._ 499, _Periphanes from Rhodes a chapman rich_. #videō ibī̆ hospitem Zacynthō#, Pl. _Mer._ 940, _I see the friend there from Zacynthus_. Rarely in Cicero: as, #Teānō Āpulō laudātōrēs#, _Clu._ 197, _eulogists from Apulian Teanum_; in Caesar twice. In Livy with #ab# only: as, #Turnus ab Arīciā#, L. 1, 50, 3, _Turnus from Aricia_. But the Roman tribe one belongs to, is regularly in the ablative: as, #Q. Verrem Rōmiliā, _sc._ tribū#, _V. a. pr._ 1, 23, _Verres of the tribe Romilia_.

1310. With a verb, country names regularly have a preposition, and always in Cicero, Sallust, and Livy: as, #ē Ciliciā dēcēdēns#, _Br._ 1, _going away from Cilicia_. The ablative alone is rare: as, #Aegyptō adveniō domum#, Pl. _Most._ 440, _from Egypt I come home_. Chiefly in Tacitus: as, #Aegyptō remeāns#, 2, 69, _coming back from Egypt_. In Caesar, by attraction: #cōgēbantur Corcȳrā atque Acarnāniā pābulum supportāre#, _C._ 3, 58, 4, _they were forced to fetch fodder from Corcyra and even Acarnania_.

1311. (2.) The ablatives #domō# and #rūre#, and in poetry #humō#, are used like proper names of towns: as,

(_a._) #domō excesserant#, 4, 14, 5, _they had gone away from home_. Also metaphorically: as, #domō doctus#, Pl. _Mer._ 355, _by home-experience taught_. (_b._) #rūre rediīt uxor mea#, Pl. _Mer._ 705, _my wife’s come back from out of town_. (_c._) #humō#, in Vergil first: as, #vix oculōs attollit humō#, O. 2, 448, _scarce from the ground her eyes she lifts_.

[Erratum: 1309 ... #Turnus ab Arīciā#, L. 1, 50, 3, 50, 3.]

THE ABLATIVE OF SOURCE, STUFF, OR MATERIAL.

1312. The verb #nāscor# and participles of origin take an ablative to denote parentage or rank in life.

Such participles are: #nātus#, #prōgnātus#, and #ortus#; in poetry and late prose, also #crētus#, #ēditus#, #generātus#, #genitus#, #satus#, and #oriundus#: as, (_a._) #Rōmulus deō prōgnātus#, L. 1, 40, 3, _Romulus, sprung from a god_. #dīs genite#, V. 9, 642, _thou sired of gods_. Of a parent, #ex# is sometimes used: as #ex mē hic nātus nōn est#, T. _Ad._ 40, _he’s not my son_; and of remoter ancestors, #ab#. (_b._) #locō nātus honestō#, 5, 45, 2, _respectably descended_. #summō locō nātus#, 5, 25, 1, _of high birth_, #familiā antīquissimā nātum#, 7, 32, 4, _a member of an old family_. Rarely with #dē#: as, #quō dē genere gnātust Philocratēs?# Pl. _Cap._ 277, _what is the parentage of Philocrates?_

1313. The ablative with an attribute, attached to a substantive, sometimes denotes stuff or material: as, #aere cavō clipeum#, V. 3, 286, _a targe of hallow bronze_. #perennī fronde corōnam#, Lucr. 1, 118, _a crown of amaranthine leaf_. #solidōque adamante columnae#, V. 6, 552, _and pillars of the solid adamant_. This construction borders closely on the ablative of quality (1375). Rarely without an attribute: as, #pīctās abiete puppīs#, V. 5, 663, _painted sterns of fir_.

1314. A substantive denoting stuff or material is generally put in the ablative with #dē# or #ex#; thus,

(_a._) Directly with a substantive: #pōcula ex aurō#, _V._ 4, 62, _cups of gold_. (_b._) Oftener with an auxiliary verb or participle: #sīgnum erat hoc Cupīdinis ē marmore#, _V._ 4, 5, _this statue of Cupid was made of marble_. #scūtīs ex cortice factīs#, 2, 33, 2, _with long shields made out of bark_. #ex ūnā gemmā pergrandī trūlla excavāta#, _V._ 4, 62, _a ladle scooped out of a single enormous semi-precious stone_.

1315. The ablative with forms of #faciō# and #sum# denotes that with which or to which something is done: as, #quid hōc homine faciās?# _Sest._ 29, _what can you do with such a fellow?_ #quid mē fīet?# T. _Andr._ 709, _what will become of me?_ But often the dative (1205): as, #quid tibī̆ faciam?# _Att._ 7, 3, 2, _what shall I do to you?_ Or the ablative with #dē#: as, #dē frātre quid fīet?# T. _Ad._ 996, _as to my brother, what will come to pass?_

THE ABLATIVE OF CAUSE, INFLUENCE, OR MOTIVE.

1316. The ablative is used to denote cause, influence, or motive: as,

#madeō metū#, Pl. _Most._ 395, _I’m drenched with dread_. #tū imprūdentiā lāberis#, _Mur._ 78, _you, sir, slip from inadvertence_. #maerōre et lacrimīs cōnsenēscēbat#, _Clu._ 13, _she just pined away in sorrow and tears_. #īrā incendor#, Pl. _Ps._ 201, _I’m getting hot with wrath_. #premor lūctū#, _Att._ 3, 22, 3, _I am bowed down with grief_. #quod ego nōn superbiā faciēbam#, _DO._ 1, 99, _I did not act thus from superciliousness, not I_. #nōn movētur pecūniā#, _V._ 4, 18, _he is not moved by money_. #boat caelum fremitū virūm#, Pl. _Am._ 232, _the welkin rings with roar of men_. #dēlictō dolēre, corrēctiōne gaudēre#, _L._ 90, _be pained by the sin, take pleasure in the reproof_. #aetāte nōn quīs optuērier#, Pl. _Most._ 840, _owing to age thou canst not see_. #Iovis iussū veniō#, Pl. _Am. prol._ 19, _at Jove’s behest I come_. #Sēiānus nimiā fortūnā sōcors#, Ta. 4, 39, _Sejanus giddy with over-prosperity_. #ferōx praedā glōriāque exercitus#, Ta. _H._ 1, 51, _the army flushed with booty and glory_. #exercitūs nostrī interitus ferrō#, _Pis._ 40, _the annihilation of our army by the sword_ (1301).

1317. Instead of the ablative, other constructions often occur, especially with verbs used transitively; such are:

(_a._) Prepositional phrases with #dē# or #ex#, in Varro and Livy with #ab#; also with #ob#, #per#, or #propter#: as, #multī in oppidum propter timōrem sēsē recipiunt#, Caes. _C._ 2, 35, 6, _a good many retreated to the town from fear_. Sometimes with #prae#: as, #prae amōre exclūstī hunc forās#, T. _Eu._ 98, _it was for love you turned him out of doors_: in classical Latin, usually of hindrance: as, #sōlem prae iaculōrum multitūdine nōn vidēbitis#, _TD._ 1, 101, _you won’t see the sun for the cloud of javelins_. (_b._) Circumlocutions with #causā#, less frequently with #grātiā# (1257). (_c._) Ablatives absolute, or participles,

## particularly auxiliary participles with an ablative to express cause,

oftener motive, such as #captus#, #ductus#, #excitātus# or #incitātus#, #impulsus#, #incēnsus#, #īnflammātus#, #mōtus#, #perterritus#: as, #nōnnūllī pudōre adductī remanēbant#, 1, 39, 3, _some stuck by from shame_.

1318. The person by whom the action of a passive verb is done, is denoted by the ablative with #ab# or #ā#. Also occasionally with verbs equivalent to a passive, such as #cadō#, #intereō#, #pereō#, #vēneō#, &c., &c. Things or animals are sometimes represented as persons by the use of #ab#: as, #animus bene īnfōrmātus ā nātūrā#, _Off._ 1, 13, _a soul meetly fashioned by dame nature_. See 1476-1478.

1319. In poetry, an ablative denoting a person, with an adjective in agreement, is sometimes equivalent to an expression with an abstract substantive: as, #et adsiduō ruptae lēctōre columnae#, J. 1, 13, _and pillars by persistent reader riven_, i.e. #adsiduitāte lēctōris#, or #adsiduā lēctiōne#. #cūrātus inaequālī tōnsōre capillōs#, H. _E._ 1, 1, 94, _my locks by unsymmetric barber trimmed_.

THE ABLATIVE OF COMPARISON.

1320. (1.) The ablative may be used with a comparative adjective, when the first of two things compared is in the nominative, or is a subject-accusative.

Such an ablative is translated by _than_: as, (_a._) #lūce sunt clāriōra nōbīs tua cōnsilia#, _C._ 1, 6, _your schemes are plainer to us than day_. #ō mātre pulchrā fīlia pulchrior#, H. 1, 16, 1, _O daughter fairer than a mother fair_. Particularly in sentences of negative import: as, #quis Karthāginiēnsium plūris fuit Hannibale?# _Sest._ 142, _of all the sons of Carthage, who was rated higher than Hannibal?_ #nec mihī̆ est tē iūcundius quicquam nec cārius#, _Fam._ 2, 10, 1, _and there is nothing in the world nearer and dearer to me than you_. (_b._) #illud cōgnōscēs profectō, mihī̆ tē neque cāriōrem neque iūcundiōrem esse quemquam#, _Fam._ 2, 3, 2, _one thing I am sure you will see, that there is nobody nearer and dearer to me than you_.

1321. (2.) The ablative of comparison is similarly used when the first member of comparison is an accusative of the object: as,

#exēgī monumentum aere perennius#, H. 3, 30, 1, _I have builded up a monument more durable than bronze_. Particularly so in sentences of negative import: as, #hōc mihī̆ grātius facere nihil potes#, _Fam._ 13, 44, _you can do nothing for me more welcome than this_. Also with predicate adjectives dependent on a verb of thinking (1167): as, #Hērodotum cūr vērāciōrem dūcam Enniō?# _Div._ 2, 116, _why should I count Herodotus any more truthful than Ennius?_ Regularly when the second member of comparison is a relative: as, #quā pecude nihil genuit nātūra fēcundius#, _DN._ 2, 160, _nature has created nothing more prolific than this animal_, i.e. the sow.

1322. (3.) In poetry, the ablative of comparison may be used with the first member of comparison in any case: as, #Lūcīlī rītū, nostrūm meliōris utrōque#, H. _S._ 2, 1, 29, _after Lucilius’s way, a better man than thou or I_.

1323. (4.) In sentences of negative import, the ablative is sometimes used with #alter# and #alius#, as with a comparative: as, #neque mēst alter quisquam#, Pl. _As._ 492, _and there’s no other man than I_. #nec quicquam aliud lībertāte commūnī quaesīsse#, Brut. and Cass. in _Fam._ 11, 2, 2, _and to have aimed at nothing else than freedom for all_. But in prose, #quam# is commonly used.

1324. (1.) The second member of comparison is often introduced by #quam#, _than_, or in poetry by #atque# or #ac#. This member, whatever the case of the first member, is sometimes made the subject of a form of #sum# in a new sentence: as,

#meliōrem quam ego sum suppōnō tibī̆#, Pl. _Cur._ 256, _I give you as a substitute a better than I am myself_. #verba M. Varrōnis, hominis quam fuit Claudius doctiōris#, Gell. 10, 1, 4, _the words of Varro, a better scholar than Claudius ever was_. #ut tibī̆ maiōrī quam Āfricanus fuit, mē adiūnctum esse patiāre#, _Fam._ 5, 7, 3, _so that you will allow me to be associated with you, a bigger man than Africanus ever was_.

1325. (2.) When the first member is in the nominative or accusative, #quam# is commonly a mere coordinating word, with both members in the same case: as,