VII.

The other two clung[1] to the yard for some hours. At length (App. § 14) the young noble said faintly[2]: “I am exhausted, _and_ benumbed[3] with cold, and can hold[4] no longer. Farewell, good friend. God preserve (App. § 34) you!”

So[5] he dropped and sank, and of all the brilliant crowd[6], the poor butcher of Rouen alone was saved. In[7] the morning, some fishermen saw him floating in his sheep-skin coat[8], and got[9] him into their boat,—the sole relater of the dismal tale.

For[1] three days no one dared to carry[10] the intelligence to the king; at length they[11] sent into his presence a little boy, who, weeping[12] bitterly, and kneeling at his feet, told him that the White Ship was[13] lost, with all on board.

The king fell to the ground like[14] a dead man, and[15] never afterwards was seen to smile.—C. DICKENS, A CHILD’S HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

[1] to cling to the yard, +sich an eine Segelstange an´klammern+; for some hours, +einige Stunden lang+, for three days, +drei Tage lang+.

[2] +kraftlos.+

[3] +vor Kälte erstarrt.+

[4] ‘to hold,’ here +sich halten+.

[5] Say ‘Upon this (Hereupon) he fell into the water and sank to the bottom (+in die Tiefe hinab´sinken+)’.

[6] crowd = company.

[7] In the morning, +am Morgen+.

[8] sheep-skin coat, +Schafpelz+, m.

[9] +nehmen+; the appositional clause ‘the sole relater (+Überbringer+) of the dismal (+traurig+) tale (+Kunde+)’ must be placed immediately after the pronoun ‘him’, to which it belongs; and mark that: =The apposition must always agree in number, gender, and case with the noun or pronoun to which it belongs.=

[10] to carry an intelligence to a person, +Einem eine Botschaft verkünden+. See App. § 5.

[11] +man+; into his presence = to (+zu+) him, which place after ‘boy’.

[12] =The Present Participle may be used adverbially, as in English, to denote manner or state.= Say ‘who told him kneeling and weeping bitterly, that’, etc.

[13] was — board, +mit Mann und Maus gesunken sei+.

[14] like — man = as if dead (+wie tot+), which place after ‘fell.’

[15] Say ‘and never has one seen him smile again’.

_Section 54._

BARLEY (S. 3, N. 2).

Barley is (S. 2, N. 1) now principally used[6] to make[1] malt for[2] brewing beer and distilling spirits. It serves, however[3], as food[4] in _the_ form of pearl barley, used[5] for thickening soups. It is also used[6] as food for poultry. Barley[7] meal is used for fattening pigs and turkeys. Barley straw furnishes us fodder[8] for cattle and horses. Barley is chiefly produced[9] in the northern regions of Europe, in Central Asia, and in North America. It is much hardier[10] than wheat, resists[11] _both_ heat and drought better, and[12] may therefore be raised from poorer soils. It[13] is said to be the most ancient food[4] of (S. 3, N. 2) man.—NELSON’S READERS.

[1] +bereiten+, see S. 19, N. 7.

[2] for — spirits, +zur Bierbrauerei und Branntweinbrennerei+, after which supply +daraus+.

[3] +indessen+.

[4] +Nahrungsmittel+, n.

[5] Say ‘which one uses for thickening soups’, +zur Verdickung der Suppen+.

[6] +benutzen+ and +gebrauchen+, which use alternately; as — poultry, +als Hühnerfutter+.

[7] Say ‘With barley meal one fattens (+mästen+) pigs and turkeys (+türkische Hühner+)’.

[8] +Vieh- und Pferdefutter+.

[9] +gebaut+. Where must the p. p. be placed here?

[10] +kräftig+.

[11] ‘to resist’ here = to bear, +vertragen+. Use the def. art. before the first noun.

[12] Say ‘and can therefore be cultivated (+an´bauen+) upon poorer soil’. Supply the adverb +auch+ after ‘therefore’.

[13] It is said to be, +sie soll ... sein+. =The verb +sollen+ is frequently used to express an assertion of another person, when it answers to the English ‘it is said’, ‘it is reported’, ‘they say’.=

_Section 55._

THE SOLDIER AND HIS FLAG (+Fahne+).

On seeing[1] a young Prussian soldier who was pressing his flag to his bosom in the agonies of death, Napoleon said to his officers: “Gentlemen[2], you see that a soldier has for his flag a sentiment almost approaching[3] idolatry. Render[4] funeral honours at once to this young man. I regret that I do not know his name, that[5] I might write to his family. Do not take[6] _away_ his flag; its silken folds will be an honourable shroud[7] for him.”—GENERAL BOURRIENNE[8].

[1] When =the Present Participle= is used =in adverbial clauses of time=, it must generally, by the help of one of the conjunctions +als+ (when), +nachdem+ (after), +indem+ (while, whilst), and +während+ (while, whilst), be changed into a finite verb, i.e. one with a personal termination; thus—

_Hearing_ his opponent speak in this way, his features assumed an expression of contempt.

+~Als~ er seinen Gegner so sprechen ~hörte~, nahmen seine Züge den Ausdruck der Verachtung an.+

_Having given_ his orders, the officer rode quickly away.

+~Nachdem er~ seine Befehle erteilt ~hatte~, ritt der Offizier schnell von dannen.+

_Looking_ at me in a suppliant manner, a tear glittered in her eye.

+~Indem sie~ mich bittend ~ansah~, glänzte eine Thräne in ihrem Auge.+

I saw it _when passing_ the house this morning.

+Ich sah es, ~als ich~ heute Morgen beim Hause ~vorüberging~.+

Consequently, the above passage must be rendered thus: ‘When Napoleon saw (+bemerken+) a young Prussian soldier who was pressing his flag to (+an+) his (S. 43, N. 9, _A_) bosom (+Herz+) in the agonies of death (+im Todeskampfe+, which place after ‘flag’), he said to his officers’: etc.

[2] Say ‘You see, gentlemen’.

[3] ‘to approach’ here = to border (+an etwas grenzen+). For the construction see S. 16, N. 4.

[4] Say ‘Bury this young man (+Jüngling+) without delay with military honours’.

[5] that — write, +um ... schreiben zu können+. He writes _to_ me once a month, +Er schreibt einmal monatlich ~an~ mich+.

[6] Supply the pronoun +ihm+ (from him) after the Imperative.

[7] +Leichentuch+, n.; ‘for him’ must be rendered by the dat. of the pers. pron., which place after the copula ‘will’.

[8] +Der General Bourrienne war Privatsekretär und späterer Biograph Napoleons des Ersten.+

_Section 56._

OUR CULTIVATED[1] NATIVE[2] PLANTS.

Most[3] of the fruits which grow on trees, _such_ as our apples and pears, have[4] been greatly[5] improved and raised[6] above their natural state by grafting and other artificial means.

Of[7] cultivated native plants, the chief are celery[8], parsley, the cabbage, turnip, carrot, parsnips, and the hop. The onion is[9] a native of South France, the lettuce of Greece, the radish of China, and the rhubarb, now[10] so largely used in pies and puddings, of Russia. Cress comes from[11] Persia, spinach from some[12] part of Asia, and the Jerusalem artichoke[13] from Brazil.—HEWITT, PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND AND WALES.

[1] +veredelt.+

[2] +einheimisch.+

[3] The clause ‘Most — trees’ may be briefly rendered by ‘+Die meisten Baumfrüchte+’.

[4] Here follows the adverbial clause ‘by grafting — means’.

[5] +bedeutend.+

[6] ‘raised — state’ may be elegantly rendered by the p. p. ‘cultivated’ (+veredelt+).

[7] Say ‘The principal cultivated native plants are’, etc.

[8] See S. 3, N. 2. I should recommend to repeat the art. before each of the following six nouns.

[9] is a native _of_, +stammt ~aus~+.

[10] ‘Now — puddings’. This elliptic clause must be completed in German. Say ‘which is now so largely (much) used in pies (+Pasteten+) and puddings’.

[11] +aus+.

[12] ‘some’, here +irgend ein+.

[13] +Erdartischocke+, f.

_Section 57._

THE BEQUEST[1].